Cyclades-TS Installation and Service Manual - Ts - 27b

Cyclades-TS Installation & Service Manual
Cyclades Corporation
Cyclades-TS Installation & Service Manual Version 2.7(b) May 2002 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 2001-2002 We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no responsibility, financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this product or Installation & Service Manual. This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation, which reserves the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time and without notice to any person of such revision or change. The operating system covered in this manual is v1.3.2. All brand and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. FCC Warning Statement: The Cyclades-TS has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation & Service Manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the problem at his or her own expense. Notice about FCC compliance for the Cyclades-TS1000 and the Cyclades-TS2000: In order to comply with FCC standards the Cyclades-TS1000 and the Cyclades-TS2000 require the use of a shielded CAT 5 cable for the Ethernet interface. Notice that this cable is not supplied with either of the products and must be provided by the customer. Canadian DOC Notice: The Cyclades-TS does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications. Le Cyclades-TS nmete pas de bruits radiolectriques dpassant les limites applicables aux appareils numriques de la classe A prescrites dans le rglement sur le brouillage radiolectrique edict par le Ministre des Communications du Canada.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL....................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................. 7 USING YOUR CYCLADES-TS ......................................................................................................................... 7 WORKING INSIDE THE CYCLADES-TS ........................................................................................................ 8 REPLACING THE BATTERY ........................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 3 WHAT IS IN THE BOX ................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF THE CONFIGURATION PROCESS.................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................................... 17 STEP ONE ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 STEP TWO ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 STEP THREE - CONSOLE SERVER ............................................................................................................ 20 STEP THREE - TERMINAL SERVER ........................................................................................................... 28 STEP THREE - REMOTE ACCESS SERVER .............................................................................................. 32 STEP FOUR - FOR ALL PROFILES ............................................................................................................. 39 Information applicable only to the Cyclades-TS100 ....................................................................................... 40
Configuring the Cyclades-TS100 for the first time .................................................................................... 40

Clustering ......................................................................................................................................................... 41 Centralized Management - Include File ........................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 6 UPGRADES AND TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................. 49
Upgrades ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................................... 50 Hardware Test .................................................................................................................................................. 52 Single User Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 54 Recover the access to the Cyclades-TS100 console port ............................................................................ 56 APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX .................................................. 57 Users and Passwords...................................................................................................................................... 57 Linux File Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 57 Basic File Manipulation Commands ................................................................................................................ 58 The vi Editor ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 The Routing Table ............................................................................................................................................ 61 ssh - The Secure Shell Session ...................................................................................................................... 61
Configuring sshds client authentication using SSH Protocol version 1 ................................................. 63 Configuring sshds client authentication using SSH Protocol version 2 ................................................. 65
The Process Table .......................................................................................................................................... 65 NTP Client Functionality ................................................................................................................................... 66 The Crond Utility .............................................................................................................................................. 66 The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client .............................................................................. 67 Data Buffering .................................................................................................................................................. 69 Packet Filtering using ipchains ........................................................................................................................ 70
An example of the use of ipchains for a console access server ............................................................. 72

ts_menu Script to Simplify telnet and ssh Connections ................................................................................. 72 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS AND CABLING .................................................................... 74 General Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................................... 74 The RS-232 Standard...................................................................................................................................... 75 Cabling Information Applicable only to the TS100 ......................................................................................... 87
The RS-485 Standard ................................................................................................................................. 87 TS100 Connectors ...................................................................................................................................... 87

APPENDIX C SAMPLE PSLAVE.CONF FILES............................................................................................... 90 The Complete pslave.conf File Provided with the Cyclades-TS .................................................................... 90 The pslave.cas File Provided With the Cyclades-TS for the Console Access Server Example ............... 104 The pslave.ts File provided with the Cyclades-TS for the Terminal Server Example ................................. 107 The pslave.ras File Provided With the Cyclades-TS for the Remote Access Server Example ................ 109 APPENDIX D CUSTOMIZATION .................................................................................................................... 112 APPENDIX E THE WEB CONFIGURATION MANAGER .............................................................................. 113
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Manager .................................................................................. 120
Cyclades-TS
Installation & Service Manual
CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual assumes that the reader understands networking basics and is familiar with the terms and concepts used in Local and Wide Area Networking. The Cyclades-TS is a Linux-based terminal server, which gives it great flexibility. It runs an embedded version of the Linux operating system and Unix and Linux users will find the configuration process very familiar. On the other hand, users not familiar with Unix will have a steeper learning curve, but it is not necessary to be a Unix expert. Configuration of the equipment is done by editing a few plain-text files (commented sample files for the principal profiles are provided in appendix C), and then updating the versions of the files in the Cyclades-TS. The files can be edited in the Cyclades-TS using the vi editor provided, or in another computer with the environment and text editor of your choice. Unix user or not, we strongly recommend that you follow the steps in this Installation & Service Manual before jumping in. This manual should be read in the order written, with exceptions given in the text. Chapter 2 - Safety Instructions - Safety guidelines to be followed when using the Cyclades-TS. Chapter 3 - What is in the Box - explains how the Cyclades-TS should be connected and what each cable is used for. Chapter 4 - Summary of the Configuration Process - provides a brief roadmap of the Cyclades-TS configuration Chapter 5 - Configuration - describes the basic configuration process to get the Cyclades-TS up and running for the most common uses. Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting - provides solutions and test procedures for typical problems. Appendix A - Linux Information - Information for those who are new to Linux/Unix. Appendix B - Cabling - Pinout diagrams for cables. Appendix C - Pslave.conf Sample Files - Example files for 3 profiles and the master file. Appendix D - Customization - Instructions for those who wish to create their own applications. Appendix E - The Web Configuration Manager - explains how to configure the TS with a browser.
Chapter 1 - How To Use This Manual
Cyclades-TS
CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Use the following safety guidelines to protect yourself and your Cyclades-TS. USING YOUR CYCLADES-TS CAUTION: Do not operate your Cyclades-TS with the cover removed. In order to avoid shorting out your Cyclades-TS when disconnecting the network cable, first unplug the cable from the equipment and then from the network jack. When reconnecting a network cable to the equipment, first plug the cable into the network jack, and then into the equipment. To help prevent electric shock, plug the Cyclades-TS into a properly grounded power source. The cable is equipped with a 3-prong plug to help ensure proper grounding. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the grounding prong from the cable. If you have to use an extension cable, use a 3-wire cable with properly grounded plugs. To help protect the Cyclades-TS from electrical power fluctuations, use a surge suppressor, line conditioner, or uninterruptible power supply. Be sure that nothing rests on the cables of the Cyclades-TS and that they are not located where they can be stepped on or tripped over. Do not spill food or liquids on the Cyclades-TS. If it gets wet, contact Cyclades. Do not push any objects through the openings of the Cyclades-TS. Doing so can cause fire or electric shock by shorting out interior components. Keep your Cyclades-TS away from heat sources and do not block cooling vents.
Chapter 2 - Safety Instructions
Cyclades-TS
WORKING INSIDE THE CYCLADES-TS NOTICE: Do not attempt to service the Cyclades-TS yourself, except following instructions from Cyclades Technical Support personnel. If this is the case, first take the following precautions: Turn the Cyclades-TS off. Ground yourself by touching an unpainted metal surface on the back of the equipment before touching anything inside it. REPLACING THE BATTERY A coin-cell battery maintains date and time information. If you have to repeatedly reset time and date information after turning on your Cyclades-TS, replace the battery. CAUTION: A new battery can explode if it is incorrectly installed. Replace the 3 Volt CR2032 battery only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the battery manufacturer. Discard used batteries according to the battery manufacturers instructions.
Chapter 2 - Safety Instructions
Cyclades-TS
CHAPTER 3 WHAT IS IN THE BOX The Cyclades-TS is a line of console access and terminal servers. There are several models with differing numbers of serial ports. The following figures show the main units and accessories included in each package and how cables should be connected. The loop-back connector is provided for convenience in case hardware tests are necessary. The RJ-45M - DB-9 F Crossover cable and the RJ-45M - RJ-45 Sun Netra Crossover cable (not shown in the figures) are also included with the TS3000, TS2000, TS1000, TS800 and TS400.
Back View
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Cyclades-TS3000
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Console
On/Off Switch
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Ethernet 10/100Base-T
Wall Outlet Power Cable
Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable)
Console Cable Modem Cable Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor Connect to a COM Serial Port
Connect to a DTE Device
//////////
Installation Manual
Loop-Back Connector
Mounting Kit
FIGURE 3.1 CYCLADES-TS3000 AND CABLES

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box 9
Cyclades-TS
Back View
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cyclades-TS2000
27 28 29 30 31 32
Ethernet 10/100Base-T Console
90-240VAC
11
12
13
14
15
16
On/Off Switch Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable) Connect to a DTE Device
Power Cable Console Cable Modem Cable Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor
//////////
Wall Outlet
Connect to a COM Serial Port
Installation Manual
Loop-Back Connector
Mounting Kit
Chapter 3 - What is in the Box
10
Cyclades-TS
Back View
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cyclades-TS1000
11 12 13 14 15 16
Ethernet 10/100Base-T
90-240VAC CYCLADES TS1000

Console
On/Off Switch Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable) Connect to a DTE Device
Power Cable Console Cable Modem Cable Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor
//////////
Wall Outlet
Connect to a COM Serial Port
Installation Manual
Loop-Back Connector
Mounting Kit
11
Cyclades-TS
Back View
On/Off
Cyclades-TS800
DC IN
Ethernet
Console
On/Off Switch
1 0
Power Cable Modem Cable
Console Cable
To Wall Outlet Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable) Connect to a DTE Device
//////////
Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor
Installation Manual
Loop-Back Connector
12
Cyclades-TS
Back View
On/Off
Cyclades-TS400
DC IN
Ethernet
Console
On/Off Switch
1 0
Power Cable Modem Cable To Wall Outlet Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable) Connect to a DTE Device
//////////
Console Cable
Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor
Installation Manual
Loop-Back Connector
13
Cyclades-TS
Cyclades-TS100 Front View Back View
Console Cable Power Cable Connect to a COM Serial Port
To Wall Outlet Installation Manual Loop-Back Connector DB-9 Female to DB-25 Male connector
14
Cyclades-TS
CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF THE CONFIGURATION PROCESS The Cyclades-TS can be used as a:

console server, terminal server, remote access server.
A detailed description of each of these profiles is provided in the next chapter. The Cyclades-TSs operating system is embedded Linux. Even if you are a Unix user and find the tools and files familiar, do not configure this product as you would configure a regular Linux server. You do not need to be a Unix user to configure the Cyclades-TS. Additional information about the files and tools needed for configuration is provided in appendix A. The basic configuration steps are: A. Connecting the Cyclades-TS to the network and other devices. Consult Chapter 3, What is in the Box, for questions on which cable should be used for which device. B. Connect a PC or terminal to the Cyclades-TS via the console port and login. C. Modify the Linux files /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/network/st_routes /etc/inittab (Cyclades-TS100 only. See Configuring the Cyclades-TS100 for the First Time in chapter 5) to let the Cyclades-TS know about its local environment
Chapter 4 - Summary of the Configuration Process
15
Cyclades-TS
D. Configure the boot parameters using the script bootconf E. Edit the pslave.conf file. This is the main configuration file that concentrates most product parameters and defines the functionality of the Cyclades-TS. The modifications made to this file will depend on the profile. F. Activate the changes. G.Test the configuration to make sure the ports have been set up properly. H. Save the changes and restart the server application. Full details on each step listed above and how to perform them are provided in the next chapter. Make sure to always complete ALL the steps for your application before testing or switching to another profile.
WARNING! The Cyclades-TS provides both a command-line and a web interface for your convenience. Both are enabled by default and both have default passwords. Make sure BOTH default passwords are changed to avoid unauthorized access to your network.
Chapter 4 - Summary of the Configuration Process
16
Cyclades-TS
CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION This chapter guides you step by step through the configuration of the Cyclades-TS for the three principal applications: 1. Console Server, 2. Terminal Server, and 3. Remote Access Server. Many steps are common to both, so please read the entire chapter before beginning. STEP ONE Connect a PC or terminal to the Cyclades-TS using the console cable. If using a PC, HyperTerminal can be used in the Windows operating system and Kermit or Minicom in the Unix operating system. The terminal parameters should be set as follows: Serial Speed: 9600 bps Data Length: 8 bits Parity: None Stop Bits: 1 stop bit Flow Control: none Ansi emulation (Note: if your terminal does not have ansi emulation, select vt100; then, on the TS, log in as root and switch to vt100 by typing TERM=vt100;export TERM) When the Cyclades-TS boots properly, a login banner will appear. Log in as root (there is no password). A password should be created as soon as possible. The Cyclades-TS runs Linux, a Unix-like operating system, and those familiar with the Unix operating system will feel quite at home. A description of the Linux file system and basic commands is given in the Linux appendix at the end of this manual.
Chapter 5 Configuration 17
Cyclades-TS
STEP TWO In this step, four Linux files must be modified to identify the TS1000 and its neighbors. Then, the boot parameters are configured. The operating system provides the vi editor, which is described in the Linux appendix for the uninitiated. The first file is /etc/hostname. The only entry should be the hostname of the Cyclades-TS. An example is shown in Figure 5.1.
TS1000
FIGURE 5.1 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/HOSTNAME FILE

The second file is /etc/hosts. It should contain the IP address for the Ethernet interface and the same hostname entered in the /etc/hostname file. It may also contain IP addresses and host names for other hosts in the network. 200.200.200.1 TS1000 200.200.200.2 RadiusServer 127.0.0.1 localhost
FIGURE 5.2 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/HOSTS FILE

The third file that must be modified is /etc/resolv.conf. It must contain the domain name and nameserver information for the network.
domain nameserver
mycompany.com 200.200.200.2
FIGURE 5.3 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/RESOLV.CONF FILE

The fourth file defines static routes and is called /etc/network/st_routes. In the console server example in Figure 5.5, the PR1000 is the gateway router and thus its IP address is configured in this file to be the default gateway. Other static routes are also configured in this file.
Cyclades-TS
route add default gw
200.200.200.5
FIGURE 5.4 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/NETWORK/ST_ROUTES FILE

Now, use the bootconf utility to configure the boot parameters. The console speed parameter should be changed if the terminal used as a console requires a different speed. The option to skip the flash test speeds up the boot process. The last option determines the operational mode of the Ethernet connection. Type bootconf on the command line. The script will first ask if you want to return all parameters to their default values. If you respond No, it will ask you to enter parameter values one by one: MAC address assigned to Ethernet [00:60:2e:00:0e:23] IP address assigned to Ethernet interface [209.81.55.79] Watchdog timer ((A)ctive or (I)nactive) [A] TSLinux boot from ((F)lash or (N)etwork) [N] Boot type ((B)ootp,(T)ftp or Bot(H)) [T] Boot File Name [zvmppcts.bin] Servers IP address [209.81.55.126] Console speed [9600] (P)erform or (S)kip Flash test [S] (S)kip, (Q)uick or (F)ull RAM test [S] Fast Ethernet ((A)uto Neg, (1)00 BtH, 100 Bt(F), 10 B(t)F, 10 Bt(H)) [A] Fast Ethernet Maximum Interrupt Events [0] after modifying these parameters, the script will ask: Do you confirm these changes in flash ( (Y)es, (N)o (Q)uit ) [N] : Y = changes are saved to flash N = the parameters are presented again Q = the script quits without saving any changes made STEP THREE This is where the configuration for the three profiles - Console Server, Terminal Server and Remote Access Server diverge. Follow step three for the appropriate profile.
Cyclades-TS
STEP THREE - CONSOLE SERVER A console server application is shown in Figure 5.5.
Radius Authentication Server, Syslog Server, Name Server IP Address: 200.200.200.2 TS1000 Ethernet Interface IP Address: 200.200.200.1 TS1000 Socket Port 7001 192.168.1.101 Internet Workstation
Cyclades-PR1000 Ethernet Interface: 200.200.200.5
Socket Port 7008 192.168.1.108
Socket Port 7002 192.168.1.102
Workstation 200.200.200.4
Serial Connections Speed: 9.6 K
FIGURE 5.5 CONSOLE SERVER APPLICATION

This application allows a user to access a server connected to the Cyclades-TS through its serial console port from a workstation on the LAN or WAN. A server console is opened on the workstation. The authentication is usually performed by a Radius server and either telnet or ssh (a secure shell session) can be used. See the Linux appendix for more information about ssh.
Cyclades-TS
The fifth file is specific to the Cyclades-TS and a sample file with comments is supplied in the Linux file system. It is called /etc/portslave/pslave.conf. A listing of the pslave.conf file with all possible parameters, as well as the files used to create the three applications in this chapter, is provided in Appendix C. There are three basic types of parameters: conf.* parameters are global or apply to the Ethernet interface; all.* parameters are used to set default parameters for all ports, and s#.* parameters change the default port parameters for individual ports. An all.* parameter can be overriden by a s#.* parameter appearing later in the pslave.conf file (or vice-versa). A brief description of each parameter used for the console server profile is given in Figures 5.6-5.7.
Parameter conf.eth_ip
Description The IP address of the Ethernet interface. This parameter, along with the next two, is used by the cy_ras program to OVERWRITE the file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 as soon as the command "signal_ras HUP" is executed. The file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 should not be edited by the user unless the cy_ras application is not going to be used. The mask for the Ethernet network. The Maximum Transmission Unit size, which determines whether or not packets should be broken up. Remote Network File System where data buffering will be written instead of the default directory '/var/run/DB. The directory tree to which the file will be written must be NFS-mounted. If data buffering is turned on for port 1, for example, the data will be stored in the file ttyS1.data in the directory and server indicated by this variable. The remote host must have NFS installed and the administrator must create, export and allow reading/writing to this directory. The size of this file is not limited by the value of the parameter s1.data_buffering, though the value cannot be zero since a zero value turns off data buffering. The lock directory , which is /var/lock for the Cyclades-TS. It should not be changed unless the user decides to customize the operating system.
Value for This Example 200.200.200.1
conf.eth_mask conf.eth_mtu conf.nfs_data_ buffering
255.255.255.0 1500 commented
conf.lockdir
/var/lock
FIGURE 5.6 CONSOLE SERVER PSLAVE.CONF GLOBAL PARAMETERS

Cyclades-TS
Parameter conf.syslog conf.facility
Description The IP address of a remote syslog daemon can be provided here, if desired. This value (0-7) is sent to the syslog server (the TS is a syslog client) to indicate in which file the syslog messages sent by portslave should be stored. The file /etc/syslog.conf on the syslog server contains a mapping between facility numbers and server log files. This value (0-7) is sent to the syslog server (the TS is a syslog client) to indicate in which file the syslog messages sent by the data buffering feature should be stored. See description for conf.facility. Used to group users to simplify configuration of the parameter all.users later on. This parameter can be used to define more than one group.
Value for This Example 200.200.200.2 7
conf.DB_facility
conf.group
group_name: user1, user2
FIGURE 5.6 CONSOLE SERVER PSLAVE.CONF GLOBAL PARAMETERS (CONT.)

Parameter all.syslog_level Description This variable determines which syslog messages will be sent to the syslog server configured in the conf.syslog parameter. A value of 0 suppresses all but emergency messages while values between 1 and 7 send progressively more types of messages for each increment. This value (as for all "all." parameters) can later be overridden for individual ports using the s<port number>.syslog_level parameter. This variable determines which syslog messages will be sent to the Cyclades-TS console connected through the console interface. See the previous parameter for a description of possible values The speed for all ports. The data size for all ports. The number of stop bits for all ports The parity for all ports. Value in Exp. 4
all.console_level
all.speed all.datasize all.stopbits all.parity
9600 8 1 none
FIGURE 5.7 CONSOLE SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS

Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.authtype
Description There are several authentication type options: local (authentication is performed using the /etc/passwd file), radius (authentication is performed using a Radius authentication server), none, local/radius (authentication is performed locally first, switching to Radius if unsuccessful), radius/local (the opposite of the previous option) and RadiusDownLocal (local authentication is tried only when the Radius server is down). Note that this parameter controls the authentication required by the CycladesTS. The authentication required by the device to which the user is connecting is controlled separately. This address indicates the location of the Radius authentication server and is only necessary if this option is chosen in the previous parameter. A second Radius authentication server can be configured with the parameter all.authhost2. This address indicates the location of the Radius accounting server, which can be used to track how long users are connected after being authorized by the authentication server. Its use is optional. This is the timeout (in seconds) for a radius authentication query. The first server (authhost1) is tried "radretries" times, and then the second (if configured) is contacted "radretries" times. If the second also fails to respond, Radius authentication fails. Defines the number of times each Radius server is tried before another is contacted. The default, if not configured, is 5. This is the shared secret necessary for communication between the Cyclades-TS and the Radius servers.
Value for This Example radius
all.authhost1
200.200.200.2
all.accthost1
200.200.200.2
all.radtimeout
all.radretries all.secret
5 cyclades
FIGURE 5.7 CONSOLE SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS(CONT.)
Chapter 5 Configuration
23
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.ipno
Description
all.issue
all.prompt all.flow all.poll_interval
all.socket_port
This is the default IP address of the Cyclades-TS's serial ports. The "+" indicates that the first port should be addressed as 192.168.1.101 and the following ports should have consecutive values. Any host can access a port using its IP address as long as a path to the address exists in the host's routing table. This text determines the format of the \r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\ login banner that is issued when a \r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ connection is made to the Cyclades\r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 TS. \n represents a new line and \r www.cyclades.com/\n\ represents a carriage return. \r\n Expansion characters, listed in Appendix C, can be used here. This text defines the format of the login prompt. Expansion characters, %h login: listed in Appendix C, can be used here. This sets the flow control to hardware, software, or none. hard Valid only for protocols socker_server and raw_data. When not set to 0 zero, this parameter sets the wait for a TCP connection keep-alive timer. If no traffic passes through the Cyclades-TS for this period of time, the Cyclades-TS will send a line status message to the remote device to see if the connection is still up. If not configured, 1000 ms is assumed. If set to zero, line status messages will not be sent to the socket client. This defines an alternative labeling system for the Cyclades-TS ports. 7001+ The '+' after the numerical value causes the interfaces to be numbered consecutively. In this example, interface 1 is assigned the port value 7001, interface 2 is assigned the port value 7002, etc.
Value for This Example 192.168.1.101+
FIGURE 5.7 CONSOLE SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS (CONT.)
24
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.protocol
Description
For the console server profile, the possible protocols are socket_server (when telnet is used), socket_ssh (when ssh version one or two is used) or raw_data (to exchange data in transparent mode similar to socket_server mode, but without telnet negotiation, breaks to serial ports, etc.) all.data_buffering A non-zero value activates data buffering. A file is created on the 0 Cyclades-TS and all data received from the port is captured. The file contains a maximum size equal to this parameter. Each time the maximum is reached the oldest 10% of stored data is discarded, releasing space for new data (FIFO system). This file can be viewed using the normal Unix tools (cat, vi, more, etc.). See the section on data buffering in the Linux Appendix for details. all.syslog_buffering When non-zero, the contents of the data buffer are sent to the syslog 0 server every time a quantity of data equal to this parameter is collected. The syslog level for data buffering is hard coded to level 5, so the parameter syslog_level should be greater than or equal to 5, and data_buffering non-zero for syslog generation. all.dont_show_DB When zero, a menu with data buffering options is shown when a non1 menu empty data buffering file is found. When 1, the data buffering menu is not shown. When 2, the data buffering menu is not shown but the data buffering file is shown if not empty. When 3, the data buffering menu is shown, but without the erase and show and erase options.
Value for This Example socket_server
25
Cyclades-TS
Parameter
Value for This Example all.users Restricts access to ports by user name (only the users listed can access the ! joe, mark, port or, using the character "!', all but the users listed can access the port .) In user_group this example, the users joe, mark and members of user_group cannot access the port. A single comma and spaces/tabs may be used between names. A comma may not appear between the ! and the first user name. The users may be local or Radius. User groups (defined with the parameter conf.group) can be used in combination with user names in the parameter list. all.sniff_mode This parameter determines what the second connected user (see parameter out admin_users below) can see of the session of the first connected user: in shows data written to the port, out shows data received from the port, and i/o shows both streams. The second session is called a sniff session and this feature is activated whenever the protocol parameter is set to socket_ssh or socket_server. all.admin_user This parameter determines which users can open a sniff session, which is peter, john, s where a second connected user can see everything that a first connected user_group user is doing on a given port. The second user can also cancel the first user's session (and take over). Only two users can connect to the same port simultaneously. This parameter is obligatory when authtype is not none, to determine who can open a sniff session or cancel a previous session. User groups (defined with the parameter conf.group) can be used in combination with user names in the parameter list. all.tx_interval Valid for protocols socket_server and raw_data. Defines the delay (in 100 milliseconds) before transmission to the Ethernet of data received through a serial port. If not configured, 100ms is assumed. If set to zero or a value above 1000, no buffering will take place.
Description
26
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.idletimeout
Description Valid only for the CAS profile (protocols socket_servet, socket_ssh and raw_data). Specifies how long (in minutes) a connection can remain inactive before it is cut off. If set to zero (the default), the connection will not time out. The device name for the port is set to the value given in this parameter. If a device name is not provided for a port, it will not function. Authtype must not be none for the sniff session feature to function with authentication. If none is chosen, any user can open a sniff session and/or cancel sessions of other users. See the s1.tty entry in this table. See the s1.tty entry in this table.
Value for This Example 0
s1.tty s1.authtype
ttyS1 local
s2.tty s8.tty
ttyS2 ttyS8

Execute the command signal_ras hup to activate the changes. At this point, the configuration should be tested. A step-by-step check list follows. 1. Since Radius authentication was chosen, create a new user on the Radius authentication server called test and provide him with the password test. 2. From the console, ping 200.200.200.2 to make sure the Radius authentication server is reachable. 3. Make sure that the physical connection between the Cyclades-TS and the servers is correct. A cross cable (not the modem cable provided with the product) should be used. Please see the hardware specifications appendix for pin-out diagrams. 4. The Cyclades-TS has been set for communication at 9600 bps, 8N1. The server must also be configured to communicate on the serial console port with the same parameters. Also make sure that the computer is configured to route console data to the serial console port. 5. From a server on the LAN (not from the console), try to telnet to the server connected to the first port of the Cyclades-TS using the following command: telnet 200.200.200.1 7001
Cyclades-TS
For both telnet and ssh sessions, the servers can be reached by either: 1. Ethernet IP of the Cyclades-TS and assigned socket port or 2. Individual IP assigned to each port. If everything is configured correctly, a telnet session should open on the server connected to port 1. If not, check the configuration, follow the steps above again, and check the troubleshooting appendix. Now continue on to step four later in this chapter. STEP THREE - TERMINAL SERVER The terminal server profile allows a terminal user to access a server on the LAN. The terminal can be either a dumb terminal or a terminal emulation program on a PC. No authentication is used in this example and rlogin is chosen as the protocol.
Linux Server IP: 200.200.200.3 ETH0 IP: 200.200.200.1
LAN
TS1000
VT100 Terminal Port 16 Speed: 9600 Port 1 PC Running Terminal Application (VT100)
FIGURE 5.8 TERMINAL SERVER APPLICATION
28
Cyclades-TS
The fifth configuration file (the first four were described in step two) is specific to the Cyclades-TS and a sample file with comments is supplied in the Linux file system. It is called /etc/portslave/pslave.conf. A listing of the pslave.conf file with all possible parameters, as well as the files used to create the three applications in this chapter, is provided in Appendix C. There are three basic types of parameters: conf.* parameters are global or apply to the Ethernet interface; all.* parameters are used to set default parameters for all ports, and s#.* parameters change the default port parameters for individual ports. An all.* parameter can be overriden by a s#.* parameter appearing later in the pslave.conf file (or vice-versa). A brief description of each parameter used for the terminal server profile is given in Figures 4.9-4.10. Parameter Description Value for This Example conf.eth_ip The IP address of the Ethernet interface. This parameter, along with the 200.200.200.1 next two, is used by the cy_ras program to OVERWRITE the file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 as soon as the command "signal_ras HUP" is executed. The file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 should not be edited by the user unless the cy_ras application is not going to be used. conf.eth_mask The mask for the Ethernet network. 255.255.255.0 conf.eth_mtu The Maximum Transmission Unit size, which determines whether or not 1500 packets should be broken up. conf.lockdir The lock directory , which is /var/lock for the Cyclades-TS. It should not be /var/lock changed unless the user decides to customize the operating system. conf.rlogin Location of the rlogin binary that accepts the -i flag. /usr/local/bin/ rlogin-radius conf.telnet Location of the telnet utility. /bin/telnet conf.ssh Location of the ssh utility. /bin/ssh conf.locallogins This parameter is only necessary when authentication is being performed 0 for a port. When set to one, it is possible to log in to the Cyclades-TS directly by placing a "!" before your login name, then using your normal password. This is useful if the Radius authentication server is down.
FIGURE 5.9 TERMINAL SERVER PSLAVE.CONF GLOBAL PARAMETERS
29
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.speed
Description The speed for all ports. This value (as for all "all." parameters) can later be overridden for individual ports using the s<port number>.speed parameter. The data size for all ports. The number of stop bits for all ports The parity for all ports. There are several authentication type options: local (authentication is performed using the /etc/passwd file), radius (authentication is performed using a Radius authentication server), none, local/radius (authentication is performed locally first, switching to Radius if unsuccessful), radius/local (the opposite of the previous option) and RadiusDownLocal (local authentication is tried only when the Radius server is down). Note that this parameter controls the authentication required by the CycladesTS. The authentication required by the device to which the user is connecting is controlled separately. For the terminal server profile, the possible protocols are login (which requests username and password) and rlogin (which receives the username from the TS and requests a password), telnet, ssh and ssh2. The IP address of the host to which the terminals will connect.
all.datasize all.stopbits all.parity all.authtype
8 1 none none
all.protocol
rlogin
all.host
200.200.200.3
FIGURE 5.10 TERMINAL SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
30
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.issue
all.prompt all.term all.flow all.socket_port
all.users
s1.tty s16.tty
Value for This Example This text determines the format of \r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\ the login banner that is issued when \r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ a connection is made to the \r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 Cyclades-TS. \n represents a new www.cyclades.com/\n\ line and \r represents a carriage \r\n return. This text defines the format of the login prompt. Expansion characters, %h login: listed in Appendix C, can be used here. This parameter defines the terminal type assumed when performing vt100 rlogin or telnet to other hosts. This sets the flow control to hardware, software, or none. hard This parameter defines the port(s) to be used by the protocols telnet, 23 socket_client and socket_server. It is mandatory for the socket_server protocol; for the other two protocols a default value of 23 is used when no value is configured. Restricts access to ports by user name (only the users listed can access ! joe, mark, the port or, using the character "!', all but the users listed can access the user_group port .) In this example, the users joe, mark and members of user_group cannot access the port. A single comma and spaces/tabs may be used between names. A comma may not appear between the ! and the first user name. The users may be local or Radius. User groups (defined with the parameter conf.group) can be used in combination with user names in the parameter list. The device name for the port is set to the value given in this parameter. ttyS1 If a device name is not provided for a port, it will not function. See the s1.tty entry in this table. ttyS16
Description
FIGURE 5.10 TERMINAL SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS (CONTINUED)

Cyclades-TS
Execute the command signal_ras hup to activate the changes. At this point, the configuration should be tested. A step-by-step check list follows. 1. Since authentication was set to none, the Cyclades-TS will not authenticate the user. However, the Linux Server receiving the connection will. Create a new user on the server called test and provide him with the password test. 2. From the console, ping 200.200.200.3 to make sure the server is reachable. 3. Make sure that the physical connection between the Cyclades-TS and the terminals is correct. A cross cable (not the modem cable provided with the product) should be used. Please see the hardware specifications appendix for pin-out diagrams. 4. The Cyclades-TS has been set for communication at 9600 bps, 8N1. The terminals must also be configured with the same parameters. 5. From a terminal connected to the Cyclades-TS, try to log in to the server using the username and password configured in item one. Now continue on to step four later in this chapter. STEP THREE - REMOTE ACCESS SERVER The remote access server profile allows a modem user to access the LAN. Radius authentication is used in this example and ppp is chosen as the protocol.
32
Cyclades-TS
Syslog Server IP: 200.200.200.3 Radius Authentication Server IP: 200.200.200.2 LAN ETH0 IP:200.200.200.1 Port 32 Modem Modem Modem
TS2000 Port 1 Speed: 57600
IP: 200.200.200.42 PC
Modem
PC IP: 200.200.200.11
FIGURE 5.11 REMOTE ACCESS SERVER APPLICATION

The fifth configuration file (the first four were described in step two) is specific to the Cyclades-TS and a sample file with comments is supplied in the Linux file system. It is called /etc/portslave/pslave.conf. A listing of the pslave.conf file with all possible parameters, as well as the files used to create the three applications in this chapter, is provided in Appendix C. There are three basic types of parameters: conf.* parameters are global or apply to the Ethernet interface; all.* parameters are used to set default parameters for all ports, and s#.* parameters change the default port parameters for individual ports. An all.* parameter can be overriden by a s#.* parameter appearing later in the pslave.conf file (or vice-versa). A brief description of each parameter used for the remote access server profile is given in Figures 4.12-4.13.
33
Cyclades-TS
Parameter conf.eth_ip
Description The IP address of the Ethernet interface. This parameter, along with the next two, is used by the cy_ras program to OVERWRITE the file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 as soon as the command "signal_ras HUP" is executed. The file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 should not be edited by the user unless the cy_ras application is not going to be used. The mask for the Ethernet network. The Maximum Transmission Unit size, which determines whether or not packets should be broken up. The lock directory , which is /var/lock for the Cyclades-TS. It should not be changed unless the user decides to customize the operating system. Location of the ppp daemon with Radius. The IP address of a remote syslog daemon can be provided here, if desired. This value (0-7) is sent to the syslog server (the TS is a syslog client) to indicate in which file the syslog messages should be stored. The file /etc/syslog.conf on the syslog server contains a mapping between facility numbers and server log files.
conf.eth_mask conf.eth_mtu conf.lockdir conf.pppd conf.syslog conf.facility
255.255.255.0 1500 /var/lock /usr/local/sbin/ pppd 200.200.200.3 7
FIGURE 5.12 REMOTE ACCESS SERVER PSLAVE.CONF GLOBAL PARAMETERS
34
Cyclades-TS
Parameter
Description
all.speed
all.datasize all.stopbits all.parity all.syslog_level
all.console_level
all.authtype
The speed for all ports. This value (as for all "all." parameters) can later be overridden for individual ports using the s<port number>.speed parameter. The data size for all ports. The number of stop bits for all ports The parity for all ports. This variable determines which syslog messages will be sent to the syslog server configured in the conf.syslog parameter. A value of 0 suppresses all but emergency messages while values between 1 and 7 send progressively more types of messages for each increment. This variable determines which syslog messages will be sent to the CycladesTS console connected through the console interface. See the previous parameter for a description of possible values There are several authentication type options: local (authentication is performed using the /etc/passwd file), radius (authentication is performed using a Radius authentication server), none, local/radius (authentication is performed locally first, switching to Radius if unsuccessful), radius/local (the opposite of the previous option) and RadiusDownLocal (local authentication is tried only when the Radius server is down). Note that this parameter controls the authentication required by the Cyclades-TS. The authentication required by the device to which the user is connecting is controlled separately.
8 1 none 4
radius
FIGURE 5.13 REMOTE ACCESS SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
35
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.authhost1
Description This address indicates the location of the Radius authentication server and is only necessary if this option is chosen in the previous parameter. A second Radius authentication server can be configured with the parameter all.authhost2. This address indicates the location of the Radius accounting server, which can be used to track how long users are connected after being authorized by the authentication server. Its use is optional. This is the timeout (in seconds) for a radius authentication query. The first server (authhost1) is tried "radretries" times, and then the second (if configured) is contacted "radretries" times. If the second also fails to respond, Radius authentication fails. Defines the number of times each Radius server is tried before another is contacted. The default, if not configured, is 5. This is the shared secret necessary for communication between the Cyclades-TS and the Radius servers. For the remote access server profile, the available protocols are PPP, SLIP and CSLIP. The IP address to be assigned to the dial-in users. The "+" indicates that the first port should be addressed as 192.168.1.101 and the following ports should have consecutive values. The netmask corresponding to the IP number provided in the previous parameter. The maximum transmission unit (MTU) that can be transmitted in a PPP packet. The maximum reception unit (MRU) that can be received in a PPP packet.
all.accthost1
200.200.200.2
all.radtimeout
all.radretries all.secret all.protocol all.ipno
5 cocomero ppp 200.200.200.11+
all.netmask all.mtu all.mru
255.255.255.255 1500 1500
FIGURE 5.13 REMOTE ACCESS SERVER PSLAVE.CONF PORT-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS (CONTINUED)
36
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.initchat
Description Modem initialization string.
all.flow all.autoppp
all.pppopt
This sets the flow control to hardware, software, or none. PPP options to auto-detect a ppp session. The cb-script parameter defines the file used for callback and enables negotiation with the callback server. Callback is available in combination with Radius Server authentication. When a registered user calls the TS, it will disconnect the user, then call the user back. The following three parameters must be configured in the Radius Server: attribute Service_type(6) : Callback Framed; attribute Framed_Protocol(7): PPP; attribute Callback_Number(19): the dial number (example: 50903300). PPP options when user has already been authenticated.
Value for This Example TIMEOUT 10 "" \d\l\dATZ \ OK\r\n-ATZ-OK\r\n "" \ "" ATMO OK\R\N "" \ TIMEOUT 3600 RING "" \ STATUS Incoming %p:I.HANDSHAKE "" ATA \ TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT@ "" \ STATUS Connected %p:I.HANDSHAKE hard %i:%j novj \ proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp login auth require-pap refusechap \ mtu %t mru %t \ cb-script /etc/portslave/cb_script plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so
%i:%j novj \ proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp mtu %t mru %t netmask %m \ idle %I maxconnect %T \ plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so

Cyclades-TS
Parameter s1.tty
Description The device name for the port is set to the value given in this parameter. If a device name is not provided for a port, it will not function. See the s1.tty entry in this table.
Value for This Example ttyS1
s32.tty
ttyS32

Execute the command signal_ras hup to activate the changes. At this point, the configuration should be tested. A step-by-step check list follows. 1. Since Radius authentication was chosen, create a new user on the Radius authentication server called test and provide him with the password test. 2. From the console, ping 200.200.200.2 to make sure the Radius authentication server is reachable. 3. Make sure that the physical connection between the Cyclades-TS and the modems is correct. The modem cable provided with the product should be used. Please see the hardware specifications appendix for pinout diagrams. 4. The Cyclades-TS has been set for communication at 57600 bps, 8N1. The modems should be programmed to operate at the same speed on the DTE interface. Also make sure that the computer is configured to route console data to the serial console port. 5. Try to dial in to the Cyclades-TS from a remote computer using the username and password configured in item one. The computer dialing in must be configured to receive its IP address from the remote access server (the Cyclades-TS in this case) and to use PAP authentication. Now continue on to step four.
38
Cyclades-TS
STEP FOUR - FOR ALL PROFILES TS100 owners, please skip to the special section on the TS100 later in this chapter, then return to this section to continue with step four. Restart the cy_ras process using its process ID. This can be done by executing the command: signal_ras hup This executes the ps command, searches for the cy_ras process id, then sends the signal HUP to the process, all in one step. Next, the command saveconf, which reads the /etc/config_files file, should then be run. The command saveconf copies all the files listed in the file /etc/config_files from the ramdisk to /proc/flash/script. The previous contents of the file /proc/flash/script will be lost. Now the configuration is complete.
saveconf is equivalent to tar -czf /proc/flash/script -T /etc/config_files in standard Linux (saveconf must be used because tar on the TS does not support the z flag).
restoreconf does the opposite of saveconf, copying the contents of the /proc/flash/script file to the corresponding files in the ramdisk. The files on the ramdisk are overwritten. restoreconf is run automatically each time the Cyclades-TS is booted.
39
Cyclades-TS
Information applicable only to the Cyclades-TS100 Since there are two physical interfaces available in the Cyclades-TS100, RS-232 and RS-485, this model requires the configuration of the parameter described in the Figure 5.14.
Parameter all.media or* s1.media
Description For the TS100 only. rs232 (RS-232 interface and DB-9 connector), rs485_half_terminator (RS-485 interface, half duplex communication with two wires, DB-9 or block connector, the TS100 terminates the network), rs485_full_terminator (RS-485 interface, full duplex communication with four wires, DB-9 or block connector, the TS100 terminates the network), rs485_half (RS-485 interface, half duplex communication with two wires, DB-9 or block connector, the TS100 in the middle of the network) or rs485_full (RS-485 interface, full duplex communication with four wires, DB-9 or block connector, the TS in the middle of the network). *NOTE: all.* parameters are used to set default parameters for all ports and s#.* parameters change the default parameters for individual ports. As the TS100 has only one port, either s1.* or all.* can be used, interchangeably.
FIGURE 5.14 CYCLADES-TS100-MEDIA PARAMETER

The next step is to update the system with the modified data in the files above. Make sure the file named /etc/ config_files contains the names of all files that should be saved to flash.
Configuring the Cyclades-TS100 for the first time

The Cyclades-TS100 does not have a dedicated console port. After configuring the serial port, edit the file /etc/ inittab and comment the line that designates the console port (add a # to it): # ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -p ttyS0 ansi Then, edit the file /etc/config_files and add the line
Cyclades-TS
/etc/inittab Next, the command saveconf, which reads the /etc/config_files file, should be run. The command saveconf copies all the files listed in the file /etc/config_files from the ramdisk to /proc/flash/script. The previous contents of the file /proc/flash/script will be lost. After rebooting the TS100, the initial configuration is complete.
Clustering Clustering has been added to the Cyclades-TS with firmware version 1.3.0 (except for the TS100). It allows the stringing of Terminal Servers so that one master Cyclades-TS can be used to access all Cyclades-TSs on a LAN. The master Cyclades-TS can manage up to 512 serial ports, so
1 Master TS1000 + 31 slave TS1000s, or 1 Master TS2000 + 15 slave TS2000s, or 1 Master TS3000 + 9 slave TS3000s + 1 slave TS2000
can be clustered.
41
Cyclades-TS
An example with one master TS2000 and two slave TS2000s is shown in Figure 5.15. 7034 7003 7002 7001 7302 7033 7035 Port Numbers 7303 7301
LAN Cyclades-TS Slave 2 Ethernet IP Address: 20.20.20.3 Cyclades-TS Slave 1 Ethernet IP Address: 20.20.20.2 Cyclades-TS Master Ethernet IP Address: 20.20.20.1 Secondary Address: 209.81.55.110 Management Workstation IP Address: 20.20.20.10
Cyclades-PR1000 Router Ethernet IP Address: 209.81.55.111
Remote Management Workstation
FIGURE 5.15 EXAMPLE USING THE CLUSTERING FEATURE.

Cyclades-TS
The Master Cyclades-TS must contain references to the Slave ports. The configuration described earlier for Console Access Servers should be followed with the following exceptions for the Master and Slaves: Master Configuration: Parameter Description conf.eth_ip Ethernet Interface IP address. conf.eth_ip_alias Secondary IP address for the Ethernet Interface (needed for clustering feature). conf.eth_mask_alias Mask for secondary IP address above. all.socket_port This value applies to both the local ports and ports on slave Cyclades-TSs. all.protocol Depends on the application. all.authtype Depends on the application. s33.tty This parameter must be created in the master TS file for every slave port. Its format is IP_of_Slave:[slave_socket_port] for non-master ports. In this case, the slave_socket_port value is not necessary because s33.socket_port is automatically set to 7033 by all.socket_port above. s33.serverfarm An alias for this port. s33.ipno This parameter must be created in the master TS file for every slave port, unless configured using all.ipno. s34.tty See s33.tty. s34.serverfarm An alias for this port. s34.ipno See s33.ipno.
Value for This Example 20.20.20.1 209.81.55.110 255.255.255.0 7001+ Socket_ssh or socket_server Radius or local or none 20.20.20.2:7033
Server_on_slave1_serial_s1 0.0.0.0 20.20.20.2:7034 Server_on_slave1_serial_s2 0.0.0.0
FIGURE 5.16 MASTER CYCLADES-TS CONFIGURATION (WHERE IT DIFFERS FROM THE STANDARD CAS PROFILE)
43
Cyclades-TS
Parameter s35.tty s35.serverfarm s35.ipno etc. for s36-s64 S65.tty
Description See s33.tty. An alias for this port. See s33.ipno. The format of this parameter is IP_of_Slave:[slave_socket_port] for non-master ports. The value 7301 was chosen arbitrarily for this example. An alias for this port. See s33.ipno. See s65.tty. An alias for this port. See s33.ipno. See s65.tty. An alias for this port. See s33.ipno.
Value for This Example 20.20.20.2:7035 Server_on_slave1_serial_s3 0.0.0.0 20.20.20.3:7301
S65.serverfarm S65.ipno S66.tty S66.serverfarm S66.ipno S67.tty S67.serverfarm S67.ipno etc. for s68-s96
Server_on_slave2_serial_s1 0.0.0.0 20.20.20.3:7302 Server_on_slave2_serial_s2 0.0.0.0 20.20.20.3:7303 Server_on_slave2_serial_s3 0.0.0.0
FIGURE 5.16 MASTER CYCLADES-TS CONFIGURATION (CONT.)

The Slave Cyclades-TSs do not need to know they are being accessed through the Master Cyclades-TS. Their port numbers, however, must agree with those assigned by the Master.
Parameter all.protocol all.authtype conf.eth_ip all.socket_port Value for This Example socket_server none 20.20.20.2 7033+
FIGURE 5.17 CYCLADES-TS CONFIGURATION FOR SLAVE 1 (WHERE IT DIFFERS FROM THE STANDARD CAS PROFILE)
Cyclades-TS
Parameter all.protocol all.authtype conf.eth_ip all.socket_port
Value for This Example Socket_server None 20.20.20.3 7301+
FIGURE 5.18 CYCLADES-TS CONFIGURATION FOR SLAVE 2 (WHERE IT DIFFERS FROM THE STANDARD CAS PROFILE)
To access ports from the remote management workstation, use telnet with the secondary IP address: Telnet 209.81.55.110 7001 to access the first port of the Master Cyclades-TS Telnet 209.81.55.110 7033 to access the first port of Slave 1 Telnet 209.81.55.110 7065 to access the first port of Slave 2 Note that socket port 7065 is being used in the last example to access port 7301 in Slave 2. ssh can also be used from the remote management workstation: ssh -l <username>:Server_on_slave2_serial_s3 209.81.55.110 to access the third port of Slave 2 ssh -l <username>:7069 209.81.55.110 to access the fifth port of Slave 2 Centralized Management - Include File The Cyclades-TS allows centralized management through the use of a master pslave.conf file. Administrators should consider this approach to configure multiple Cyclades-TSs. Using this feature, each unit has a simplified pslave.conf file where a master include file is cited. This common configuration file contains information for all units, properly separated in separate sections, and would be stored on one central server. This file, in our example shown in figure 5.19, is /etc/portslave/TScommon.conf. It must be downloaded to each Cyclades-TS.
Cyclades-TS
Cyclades-TS Unit 2 Cyclades-TS IP address: Unit 1 10.0.0.2/8 IP address: 10.0.0.1/8
Cyclades-TS Unit 3 IP address: 10.0.0.3/8
Server where master configuration file is stored /etc/portslave/TScommon.conf
FIGURE 5.19 EXAMPLE OF CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT

The abbreviated pslave.conf and /etc/hostname files in each unit, for the example are: unit 1:
unit1
FIGURE 5.20 /ETC/HOSTNAME FILE IN UNIT 1

conf.eth_ip conf.eth_mask conf.include 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 /etc/portslave/TScommon.conf
FIGURE 5.21 PSLAVE.CONF FILE IN UNIT 1
46
Cyclades-TS
unit 2:
unit2


unit 3:
unit3


The common include file for the example is:
47
Cyclades-TS
conf.host_config
unit1
<parameters for unit1 following the rules for pslave.conf> conf.host_config unit2
<parameters for unit2 following the rules for pslave.conf> conf.host_config unit3
<parameters for unit3 following the rules for pslave.conf> conf.host_config .end
FIGURE 5.26 TSCOMMON.CONF FILE

When this file is included, unit1 would read only the information between conf.host_config unit1 and conf.host_config unit2". Unit2 would use only the information between conf.host_config unit2 and conf.host_config unit3" and unit3 would use information after conf.host_config unit3 and before conf.host_config .end. The following steps should be followed to use centralized configuration 1. Create and save the /etc/portslave/pslave.conf and /etc/hostname files in each Cyclades-TS 2. Execute the command signal_ras hup on each unit. 3. Create and save the common configuration file on the server, then download it (probably using scp) to each unit. Make sure to put it in the directory set in the pslave.conf file (/etc/portslave in the example). 4. Execute the command signal_ras hup on each unit again. 5. Test each unit. If everything works, add the line /etc/portslave/TScommon.conf to the /etc/config_files file. Save the file and close it. Next, execute the saveconf command. NOTE: The included file /etc/portslave/TScommon.conf cannot contain an other include file (i.e. the parameter conf.include must not be defined).
Cyclades-TS
CHAPTER 6 UPGRADES AND TROUBLESHOOTING Upgrades All 6 files added by Cyclades to the standard Linux files are in the /proc/flash directory. They are: boot_ori - original boot code boot_alt - alternate boot code syslog - event logs (not used by Linux) config - configuration parameters, only the boot parameters are used by the boot code zImage - Linux kernel image script - file where all Cyclades-TS configuration information is stored To upgrade the Cyclades-TS, proceed as follows: A) Log in to the TS as root (provide the root password if requested) B) Go to the /proc/flash directory using the following command: cd /proc/flash C) Ftp to the host where the new firmware is located, log in using your username and password, go to the directory where the firmware is located, select binary transfer and get the firmware file. NOTE: the destination file name in the /proc/flash directory must be zImage. Example (hostname = server; directory = /tftpboot; username = admin; password = adminpw; firmware filename on that server = zImage.132): ftp > open server > user admin > Password: adminpw > cd /tftpboot > bin > get zImage.132 zImage > quit
Chapter 6 Upgrades and Troubleshooting
49
Cyclades-TS
NOTE: Due to space limitations, the new zImage file may not be downloaded with a different name, then renamed. The TS searches for a file named zImage when booting and there is no room in flash for two zImage files. D) Issue the command reboot reboot E) After rebooting, the new Linux kernel will take over. This can be confirmed by typing cat /proc/version to see the Linux kernel version. Troubleshooting If the contents of flash memory are lost after an upgrade, please follow the instructions below to restore your system: a. Turn the TS OFF, then back ON b. Using the console, during self test, press <Esc> after the Ethernet test c. When the Watch Dog Timer prompt appears, press <Enter> d. Choose the option Network Boot when asked e. Enter the IP address of the Ethernet interface f. Enter the IP address of the host where the new zImage file is located g. Enter the file name of the zImage file on the host h. Select the TFTP option instead of BOOTP (the host must be running TFTPD and the new zImage file must be located in the proper directory. e.g. /tftpboot for Linux). i. Accept the default MAC address by pressing <Enter> j. The TS should begin to boot off the network and the new image will be downloaded and begin running in RAM. At this point, follow the upgrade steps above (login, cd /proc/flash, ftp, and so forth) to save the new zImage file into flash again. NOTE: possible causes for the loss of flash memory: downloaded wrong zImage file, downloaded as ASCII instead of binary; problems with flash memory.
50
Cyclades-TS
If the Cyclades-TS booted properly, the interfaces can be verified using ifconfig and ping. If ping does not work, check the routing table using the command route. Of course, all this should be tried after checking that the cables are connected correctly. As mentioned in Chapter 5, the file /etc/config_files contains a list of files acted upon by saveconf and restoreconf. If a file is missing, it will not be loaded onto the ramdisk on boot. The following table lists files that should be included in the /etc/config_files file and which programs use each. File Program /etc/securetty telnet, login, su /etc/issue getty /etc/getty_ttyS0 login (via console) /etc/hostname tcp /etc/hosts tcp /etc/host.conf tcp /etc/nsswitch.conf dns /etc/resolv.conf dns /etc/config_files saveconf /etc/passwd login, passwd, adduser... /etc/group login, passwd, adduser... /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config sshd /etc/ssh/ssh_config ssh client /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key sshd (ssh1) /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub sshd (ssh1) /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key sshd (ssh2) /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub sshd (ssh2) /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf snmpd
51
Cyclades-TS
File /etc/portslave/pslave.conf /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 /etc/network/ifcfg* /etc/network/ifcfg_lo /var/run/radsession.id /home /etc/network/st_routes
Program cy_ras, portslave, TS configuration information ifconfig eth0, cy_ras, rc.sysinit ifconfig, cy_ras, rc.sysinit ifconfig lo, cy_ras, rc.sysinit radinit, radius authentication process adduser, passwd ifconfig, cy_ras, rc.sysinit
If any of the files listed in /etc/config_files is modified, the Cyclades-TS administrator must execute the command saveconf before rebooting the Cyclades-TS or the changes will be lost. If a file is created (or a file name altered), its name must be added to this file before executing saveconf and reboot. Cyclades Technical Support is always ready to help with any configuration problems. Before calling, execute the command cat /proc/version and note the Linux version and Cyclades-TS version written to the screen. This will speed resolution of most problems.
Hardware Test A hardware test called tstest is included with the Cyclades-TS firmware. It is a menu-driven program, run by typing tstest at the command prompt, and the various options are described below. Note that the Cyclades-TS should not be tested while in use as the test will inactivate all ports.
Port Test Either a cross cable or a loop-back connector is necessary for this test. Their pinout diagrams are supplied in appendix B. Connect the loop-back connector to the modem cable and then connect the modem cable to the port to be tested (or connect a cross cable between two ports to be tested). In the case of the TS100, connect the DB-25 loop-back connector to the console cable using a DB-9 - DB-25 convertor. When tstest senses the presence of the cable or connector, the test will be run automatically and the result shown on the screen.
Chapter 6 Upgrades and Troubleshooting 52
Cyclades-TS
Each line of data correponds to a port in test. The last 4 columns (DATA, CTS, DCD, and DSR) indicate errors. The values in these columns should be zero. The figure below is an example of the output screen.
From To 2 <-> 2 4 <-> 5 5 <-> 4 <- Packets -> Sent Received 35 35 35 35 35 35 Passes 35 35 35 Data 0 0 0 <- Errors -> CTS DCD 0 0 0 0 0 0 DSR 0 0 0
When this test is run with a cable or connector without the DSR signal (see the pinout diagram for the cable or connector being used), errors will appear in the DSR column. This does not indicate a problem with the port. In the example above, tstest perceived that a loop-back connector was attached to port 2 and that a cross cable was used to connect ports 4 and 5.
Port Conversation This test sends and receives data on the selected port. One way to run this test is to place a loop-back connector on the port to be tested and begin. Enter the number of the port and a baud rate (9600 is a typical value). Type some letters, and if the letters appear on the screen, the port is working. If the letters do not appear on the screen (which also occurs if the loop-back connector is removed), the port is not functioning correctly.
A second method that can be used to test the port is to connect it to a modem with a straight cable. Begin the test and type at. The modem should respond with OK, which will appear on the screen. Other commands can be sent to the modem or to any other serial device.
Test Signals Manually This test confirms that signals are being sent and received on the selected port. Neither the loop-back connector nor the cross cable are necessary. Enter the number of the port to be tested and begin the test.
53
Cyclades-TS
State ON OFF
DTR X
DCD
DSR
RTS X
CTS
First, type Ctrl-D to see the X in the DTR column move position, then type Ctrl-R to see the X in the RTS column change position. If each of the Xs moves in response to its command, the signals are being sent. Another method to test the signals is to use a loop-back connector. Enter the number of the port with the loopback connector and start the test. In this case, when Ctrl-D is typed, the Xs in the first three columns will move as shown below.
State ON OFF DTR X DCD X DSR X RTS X CTS
This is because the test is receiving the DTR signal sent through the DCD and DSR pins. When Ctrl-R is typed, the Xs in the RTS and CTS columns should move together. If the Xs change position as described, the signals are being sent and received correctly. Single User Mode The Cyclades-TS has a single user mode used when: The name or password of the user with root privileges is lost or forgotten, After an upgrade or downgrade which leaves the Cyclades-TS unstable, After a configuration change which leaves the Cyclades-TS inoperative or unstable. Type the word single (with a blank space before the word) during boot using a console connection. This cannot be done using a telnet or other remote connection.
Cyclades-TS
The initial output of the boot process is shown below. Entry Point = 0x00002120 loaded at: 00002120 0000D370 relocated to: 00300020 0030B270 board data at: 003052C8 0030537C relocated to: 002FF120 002FF1D4 zimage at: 00008100 0006827E relocated to: 00DB7000 00E1717E initrd at: 0006827E 0024F814 relocated to: 00E18000 00FFF596 avail ram: 0030B270 00E18000 Linux/PPC load: root=/dev/ram After printing Linux/PPC load: root=/dev/ram, the Cyclades-TS waits approximately 10 seconds for user input. This is where the user should type single. When the boot process is complete, the Linux prompt will appear on the console: [root@(none) /]# If the password or username was forgotten, execute the following commands: passwd saveconf reboot For configuration problems, the user has two options: 1. Edit the file(s) causing the problem with vi, then execute the commands saveconf reboot 2. Reset the configuration by executing the commands: echo 0 > /proc/flash/script reboot If the problem is due to an upgrade/downgrade, a second downgrade/upgrade will be necessary to reverse the
Cyclades-TS
process. First, the network must be initialized in order to reach a ftp server. Execute the following script, replacing the parameters with values appropriate for your system. If your ftp server is on the same network as the TS, the gw and mask parameters are optional. config_eth0 ip 200.200.200.1 mask 255.255.255.0 gw 200.200.200.5 At this point, the DNS configuration (in the file /etc/resolv.conf) should be checked. Then, download the kernel image using the ftp command. Recover the access to the Cyclades-TS100 console port There is no dedicated console port available in the Cyclades-TS100. As factory default the serial port is set to work as a console port to allow initial product configuration. After that, changes can still be made through the Ethernet port and a Telnet command. If for some reason this access is lost (usually misconfiguration), the product can only be configured if the steps bellow are followed. 1. Power the Cyclades-TS100 off. 2. Remove the product top cover (press the tabs through the two holes on each side of the product and pull the top cover off). 3. Short circuit the two pins in the middle of the board identified with J7 and TEST using the jumper provided. 4. Connect the Cyclades-TS100 to a terminal configured to work at 9600 bps, with 8 bits, no parity and 1 stop bit. 5. Power the Cyclades-TS100 on. The Cyclades-TS100 will be now in single user mode, the serial port will work as a console port and the product can de reconfigured. Notice that no previous configuration is lost. After finishing, save the configuration (saveconf), power the Cyclades-TS100 off, remove the jumper and reconnect the original device to the serial port.
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Cyclades-TS
APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX Users and Passwords A username and password are necessary to log in to the Cyclades-TS. The user root is predefined, without a password. A password should be configured as soon as possible to avoid unauthorized access. Type the command: passwd to create a password for the root user. To create a regular user (without root privileges), use the commands: adduser user_name passwd user_name To log out, type logout at the command prompt. Linux File Structure The Linux file system is organized hierarchically, with the base (or root) directory represented by the symbol /. All folders and files are nested within each other below this base directory. The directories located just below the base directory are:
Appendix A - Linux
57
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/home /bin /dev /etc /lib /proc /mnt /opt /tmp /usr /var
Contains the work directories of system users. Contains applications and utilities used during system initialization. Contains files for devices and ports. Contains configuration files specific to the operating system. Contains shared libraries. Contains process information Contains information about mounted disks. Location where packages not supplied with the operating system are stored. Location where temporary files are stored. Contains most of the operating system files. Contains operating system data files.
Basic File Manipulation Commands The basic file manipulation commands allow the user to copy, delete and move files and create and delete directories.
cp file_name destination a) cp text.txt /tmp b) cp /chap/robo.php ./excess.php rm file_name mv file_name destination mkdir directory_name a) mkdir spot b) mkdir /tmp/snuggles rmdir directory_name Copies the file indicated by file_name to the path indicated by destination. a) copies the file text.txt in the current directory to the tmp directory. b) copies the file robo.php in the chap directory to the current directory and renames the copy excess.php. Removes the file indicated by file_name. Moves the file indicated by file_name to the path indicated by destination. Creates a directory named directory_name. a) creates the directory spot in the current directory. b) creates the directory snuggles in the directory tmp. Removes the directory indicated by directory_name.
Appendix A - Linux
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Other commands allow the user to change directories and see the contents of a directory.
pwd
Supplies the name of the current directory. While logged in, the user is always "in" a directory. The default initial directory is the user's home directory, /home/<username> ls [options] directory_name Lists the files and directories within directory_name. Some useful options are -l for more detailed output and -a which shows hidden system files. cd directory_name Changes the directory to the one specified cat file_name Prints the contents of file_name to the screen.
Shortcuts: . (a dot) .. (two dots)
represents the current directory represents one directory above the current directory (i.e. one directory closer to the base directory).
The vi Editor To edit a file using the vi editor, type vi file_name vi is a three-state line editor: it has a command mode, a line mode and an editing mode. If in doubt as to which mode you are in, press the <ESC> key which will bring you to the command mode. Mode What is done there How to Get There command mode navigation within the open file Press the <ESC> key. editing mode text editing See list of editing commands below. line mode file saving, opening, etc. exiting From the command mode, type ":" (the from vi colon).
Appendix A - Linux
59
Cyclades-TS
Entering the program, the user is automatically in the command mode. To navigate to the part of the file to be edited, use the following keys: h moves the cursor to the left (left arrow) j moves the cursor to the next line (down arrow) k moves the cursor to the previous line (up arrow) l moves the cursor to the right (right arrow) Having arrived at the location where text should be changed, use these commands to modify the text (note commands i and o will move you into the editing mode and everything typed will be taken literally until you press the <ESC> key to return to the command mode) i insert text before the cursor position (everything to the right of the cursor is shifted right) o create a new line below the current line and insert text (all lines are shifted down) dd remove the entire current line u undo the last modification x delete the letter at the cursor position Now that the file has been modified, enter the line mode (by typing : from the command mode) and use one of the following commands: w save the file (w is for write) wq save and close the file (q is for quit) q! close the file without saving w file save the file with the name file e file opens the file named file
Appendix A - Linux
60
Cyclades-TS
The Routing Table The Cyclades-TS has a static routing table that can be seen using the commands route or netstat -rn The file /etc/network/st_routes shown in Figure 5.5 is the Cyclades-TSs method for configuring static routes. Routes should be added to the file (which is a script run when the Cyclades-TS is initialized) or at the prompt (for temporary routes) using the following syntax: route [add|del] [-net|-host] target netmask nt_msk [gw gt_way] interf
[add|del] [-net|-host] target netmask nt_msk gw gt_way one of these tags must be present -- routes can be either added or deleted. -net is for routes to a network and -host is for routes to a single host. target is the IP address of the destination host or network the tag netmask and a mask are necessary only when subnetting is used. Otherwise, a mask appropriate to the target is assumed. nt_msk must be specified in dot notation. specifies a gateway, when applicable. gt_way is the IP address or hostname of the gateway. the interface to use for this route. Must be specified if a gateway is not. When a gateway is specified, the operating system determines which interface is to be used.
interf
ssh - The Secure Shell Session ssh is a command interface and protocol often used by network administrators to connect securely to a remote computer. ssh replaces its non-secure counterpart rsh and rlogin. There are two versions of the protocol, ssh and ssh2. The Cyclades-TS offers both. The command to start an ssh client session from a Unix workstation is
Appendix A - Linux 61
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ssh -t <user>@<hostname> where <user> = <username>:ttySnn or <username>:socket_port or <username>:ip_addr or <username>:serverfarm
Note: serverfarm is a physical port alias. It can be configured in the file pslave.conf. An example:
username: TS1000 IP address: host name: servername for port 1: cyclades 192.168.160.1 ts1000 file_server
ttyS1 addressed by IP 10.0.0.1 or socket port 7001. The various ways to access the server connected to the port are: ssh -t cyclades:ttyS1@ts1000 ssh -t cyclades:7001@ts1000 ssh -t cyclades:10.0.0.1@ts1000 ssh -t cyclades:file_server@ts1000 ssh -t -l cyclades:10.0.0.1 ssh -t -l cyclades:7001 ts1000 Note that either -l or @ are used, but not both. For openssh version 3.1p1 or later (Cyclades-TS V_1.3.2 or later), ssh2 is the default. In that case, the -1 flag is used for ssh1. ssh -t cyclades:7001@ts1000 (openssh earlier than 3.1p1 - Cyclades-TS V_1.3.1 and earlier -> ssh1 will be used) ssh -t -2 cyclades:7001@ts1000 (openssh earlier than 3.1p1 - Cyclades-TS V_1.3.1 and earlier -> ssh2 will be used) ssh -t cyclades:7001@ts1000 (openssh 3.1p1 or later - Cyclades-TS V_1.3.2 or later -> ssh2 will be
Cyclades-TS
used) ssh -t -1 cyclades:7001@ts1000 (openssh 3.1p1 or later - Cyclades-TS V_1.3.2 or later -> ssh1 will be used) To log in to a port that does not require authentication, the username is not necessary: ssh -t -2 :ttyS1@ts1000 Note: In this case, the file sshd_config must be changed in the following way: PermitRootLogin Yes PermitEmptyPassword Yes
Configuring sshds client authentication using SSH Protocol version 1 1. Only RhostsAuthentication yes in sshd_config
One of these: hostname or ipaddress in /etc/hosts.equiv or /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv hostname or ipaddress and username in ~/.rhosts or ~/.shosts and IgnoreRhosts no in sshd_config Client start-up command: ssh -t <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip> (if the ssh client is running under a session belonging to a username present both in the workstations database and the TSs database)
Client start-up command: ssh -t -l <username> <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip> (if the ssh client is running under
a session belonging to a username present only in the workstations database. In this case, the <username> indicated would have to be a username present in the TSs database) Note 1: Some ssh clients do not allow just this type of authentication, for security reasons.
Appendix A - Linux
63
Cyclades-TS
Note 2: To access the serial port, the TS must be configured for local authentication. Note 3: No root user should be used as username. 2. Only RhostsRSAAuthentication yes in sshd_config One of the RhostsAuthentication above settings Client machines host key ($ETC/ssh_host_key.pub) copied into the TS /tmp/known_hosts file. The client hostname plus the information inside this file must be appended in one single line inside the file /etc/ssh/ ssh_known_hosts or ~/.ssh/known_hosts and IgnoreUserKnownHosts no inside sshd_config. The following commands can be used for example: echo n client_hostname >> /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts or ~/.ssh/known_hosts cat /tmp/known_hosts >> /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts or ~/.ssh/known_hosts client start-up command: ssh -t <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip> Note 1: client_hostname should be the DNS name. Note 2: To access the serial port, the TS must be configured for local authentication. Note 3: No root user should be used as username. 3. Only RSAAuthentication yes in sshd_config Removal of TSs *.equiv, ~/.?hosts, and *known_hosts files client identity created by ssh-keygen and its public part (~/.ssh/identity.pub) copied into TSs ~/.ssh/ authorized_keys client start-up command: ssh -t <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip>
Cyclades-TS
4. Only PasswdAuthentication yes in sshd_config Removal of TSs *.equiv, ~/.?hosts, *known_hosts, and *authorized_keys files client startup command: ssh t -l <username> <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip> or ssh t l <username:alias> <TS_ip>
Configuring sshds client authentication using SSH Protocol version 2 1. Only PasswdAuthentication yes in sshd_config DSA Authentication is the default (Make sure the parameter PubkeyAuthentication is enabled)
Client DSA identity created by ssh-keygen -d and its public part (~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub) copied into TSs ~/ .ssh/authorized_keys2 file Password Authentication is performed if DSA key is not known to the TS. client start-up command: ssh -2 -t <TS_ip or Serial_port_ip> Notice: All files ~/* or ~/.ssh/* must be owned by the user and readable only by others. All files created or updated must have their full path and file name inside the file config_files and the command saveconf must be executed before rebooting the TS. The Process Table The process table shows which processes are running. Type ps -a to see a table similar to that below.
Appendix A - Linux
65
Cyclades-TS
PID 1 31 32 36 154
Uid root root root root root
State S S S S R
Command /sbin/inetd /sbin/sshd /sbin/cy_ras /sbin/cy_wdt_led wdt led /ps -a
To restart the cy_ras process use its process ID or execute the command: signal_ras hup This executes the ps command, searches for the cy_ras process id, then sends the signal HUP to the process, all in one step. Never kill cy_ras with the signals -9 or SIGKILL. NTP Client Functionality In order for the Cyclades-TS to work as a NTP (Network Timer Protocol) client, the IP address and either hostname or domain name of the NTP server must be set in the file /etc/hosts. The date and time will be updated from the NTP server after rebooting. The Crond Utility To use crond, first create the following two files for every process that it will execute: 1. crontab - the file that specifies frequency of execution, name of shell script, etc. should be set using the traditional crontab file format. 2. script shell - a script file with the Linux commands to be executed. Next, create a line in the file /etc/crontab_files for each process to be run. Each line must contain the three items:
Appendix A - Linux
66
Cyclades-TS
status (active or inactive) - if this item is not active, the script will not be executed. user - the process will be run with the privileges of this user, who must be a valid local user. source - pathname of the crontab file.
When the /etc/crontab_files file contains the following line: active root /etc/tst_cron.src and the /etc/tst_cron.src file contains the following line: 0-59 * * * * /etc/test_cron.sh crond will execute the script listed in test_cron.sh with root privileges each minute. Example files are in the /etc directory. The next step is to update the system with the modified data in the files above and reboot the Cyclades-TS. Make sure the file named /etc/config_files contains the names of all files that should be saved to flash. Next, the command saveconf, which reads the /etc/config_files file, should then be run. saveconf copies all the files listed in the file /etc/config_files from the ramdisk to /proc/flash/script. See step 4 in chapter 5 for more details. The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client (Note: This feature is only available for firmware versions 1.2.x and above) DHCP is a protocol that allows network administrators to assign IP addresses automatically to network devices. Without DHCP (or a similar protocol like BOOTP), each device would have to be manually configured. DHCP automatically sends a new IP address to a connected device when it is moved to another location on the network. DHCP uses the concept of a fixed time period during which the assigned IP address is valid for the device it was assigned for. This lease time can vary for each device. A short lease time can be used when there are more devices than available IP numbers. For more information, see RFC 2131.
Appendix A - Linux
67
Cyclades-TS
The DHCP client on the Ethernet Interface can be configured in two different ways, depending on the action the Cyclades-TS should take in case the DHCP server does not answer the IP address request: 1. No action is taken and no IP address is assigned to the Ethernet Interface (most common configuration): Set the global parameter conf.dhcp_client to 1 Comment all other parameters related to the Ethernet Interface (conf.eth_ip, etc.) Add the necessary options to the file /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd (some options are described below) 2. The Cyclades-TS restores the last IP address previously provided in another boot and assigns this IP address to the Ethernet Interface: Set the global parameter conf.dhcp_client to 2 Comment all other parameters related to the Ethernet Interface (conf.eth_ip, etc.) Add the following lines to the file /etc/config_files: /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd /etc/dhcpcd-eth0.save Add the option -x to the factory default content of the file /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd: /sbin/dhcpcd -x -c /sbin/handle_dhcp Add all other necessary options to the file /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd (some options are described below) In both cases if the IP address of the Cyclades-TS or the default gateway are changed, the Cyclades-TS will adjusts routing table accordingly.
Appendix A - Linux
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Cyclades-TS
Two files are related to DHCP: /bin/handle_dhcp - the script which is run by the DHCP client each time an IP address negotiation takes place. /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd - contains a command that activates the DHCP client (used by the cy_ras program). Its factory contents are: /sbin/dhcpcd -c /sbin/handle_dhcp The options available that can be used on this command line are: -D This option forces dhcpcd to set the domain name of the host to the domain name parameter sent by the DHCP server. The default option is to NOT set the domain name of the host to the domain name parameter sent by the DHCP server. -H This option forces dhcpcd to set the host name of the host to the hostname parameter sent by the DHCP server. The default option is to NOT set the host name of the host to the hostname parameter sent by the DHCP server. -R This option prevents dhcpcd from replacing the existing /etc/resolv.conf file. The user should not modify the -c /sbin/handle_dhcp option. Data Buffering Since version 1.3.2 of the Cyclades-TS software, additional ramdisks can be created and used, for example, to buffer data. This removed the previous 700 kbyte restriction for all TS ports. Data buffering files are created in the directory /var/run/DB. Previously, data buffering files were named ttyS<nn>.data (where <nn> is the port number). Now, if the parameter s<nn>.serverfarm is configured for the port <nn>, this name will be used. For example, if the serverfarm is called bunny, the data buffering file will be named bunny.data.
Appendix A - Linux
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Cyclades-TS
The shell script /bin/build_DB_ramdisk creates a 4 Mbyte ramdisk for the TS3000. Use this script as a model to create customized ramdisks for your environment. Any user-created scripts should be listed in the file /etc/ user_scripts because rc.sysinit executes all shell scripts found there. This avoids changing rc.sysinit itself. Packet Filtering using ipchains (Note: This feature is only available for firmware versions 1.2.x and above) The Cyclades-TS uses the Linux utility ipchains to filter IP packets entering, leaving and passing through its interfaces. An ipchains tutorial is beyond the scope of this manual. For more information on ipchains, see the ipchains man page (not included with the Cyclades-TS) or the howto: http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/ipchains/ HOWTO.html. The syntax of the ipchains command is: ipchains -command chain [-s source] [-d destination] [-p protocol] [-j target] [-i interface] where command is one of the following: A - Add a condition or rule to the end of the chain. Note that the order in which a condition appears in a chain can modify its application and the first rule added to a chain is processed first, etc. D - Delete a condition from the chain. The condition must match exactly with the commands arguments to be deleted. R- Replace a condition in the chain. I - Insert a condition in a specified location in the chain. L - List all conditions in the chain. F - Flush (remove) all conditions in the chain. N - Create a new chain. X - Deletes a user-created chain P - Policy applied for default handling chain is one of the following: input - filters incoming packets
Cyclades-TS
output - filters outgoing packets forward - filters packets which are not created by the Cyclades-TS and are not destined to the Cyclades-TS user_created_chain - a previously defined (or in the process of being defined) chain created using the N command described above. The output chain controls which packets are sent. A packet can be accepted by the input chain, but then rejected by the output chain. Likewise, the forward chain controls which packets will be routed. The input chain controls incoming packet filtering. The packet is either destined for the router or for another computer. In the latter case, the packet is processed by the forward chain. Packets that pass through the forward chain will then be processed by the output chain. source and destination have the following format: [!]address[/mask] [!][port[:port]] ! : reverses the definition, resulting in the opposite. address : host or network IP port : defines a specific port port:port : defines a range of ports If a source or destination is not specified then 0.0.0.0/0 is used. protocol is one of the following: tcp, udp, icmp, all or a protocol number (see the file /etc/protocols for a list). target is one of the following: ACCEPT DENY the name of another chain interface is: eth0 (The Ethernet interface is the only option on the Cyclades-TS.) Lists do not need to be associated to an interface, so this option may be omitted.
Cyclades-TS
To save changes made using the ipchains command, execute fwset. This command will save the filter configuration in the file /etc/network/firewall and then save the file in flash memory. To delete the changes made (before fwset is executed) execute fwset restore to return to the lists previously saved in /etc/network/firewall. Only the lists previously saved using fwset will then be defined. This command is executed at boot to invoke the last configuration saved. Another option is to edit the file /etc/network/firewall (or another file) directly, following the syntax defined in the file itself. If the file is edited in this way, the command fwset cannot be used to save and restore the configuration. Use ipchains-save > file_name to save the lists in file_name updatefiles file_name to save file_name to flash memory ipchains-restore < file_name to restore the lists to the configuration in file_name
An example of the use of ipchains for a console access server Referring to Fig 5.5 If the administrator wishes to restrict access to the consoles connected to the Cyclades-TS to a user on the workstation with IP address 200.200.200.4, a filter can be set up as shown below. ipchains -P input ACCEPT ipchains -P output ACCEPT ipchains -P forward ACCEPT ipchains -A input -p tcp -s ! 200.200.200.4 -d 0.0.0.0/0 23 -j DENY ipchains -A input -p tcp -s ! 200.200.200.4 -d 200.200.200.1 7001:7032 -j DENY ipchains -A input -p tcp -s ! 200.200.200.4 -d 0.0.0.0/0 22 -j DENY
ts_menu Script to Simplify telnet and ssh Connections (Note: This feature is only available for firmware versions 1.2.x and above) The ts_menu script can be used to avoid typing long telnet or ssh commands. It presents a short menu with the names of the servers connected to the serial ports of the Cyclades-TS. The server is selected by its corresponding number. ts_menu must be executed from a local session: via console, telnet, ssh, dumb terminal connected to a serial port, etc.
Cyclades-TS
Only ports configured for console access (protocols socket_server or socket_ssh) will be presented. An example is:
> ts_menu Cyclades-TS: Serial Console Server Connection menu 1 ttyS1 2 snoopy 3 linus 4 lucy 5 charlie 6 vt100-ssh Type 'q' to quit, a valid option [1-6], or anything else to refresh :
selecting option 2 will telnet/ssh to the server snoopy. The names defined using the parameter serverfarm are used to make up the list. When no name is configured, ttyS<N> is used where N is the port number. The ts_menu script has the following line options: -p : Displays Ethernet IP Address and TCP port instead of server names
Cyclades-TS: Serial Console Server Connection menu 1 209.81.55.79 7001 2 209.81.55.79 7002 3 209.81.55.79 7003 4 209.81.55.79 7004 5 209.81.55.79 7005 6 209.81.55.79 7006 Type 'q' to quit, a valid option [1-6], or anything else to refresh :
-i : Displays Local IP assigned to the serial port instead of server names

Cyclades-TS: Serial Console Server Connection menu 1 192.168.1.101 2 192.168.1.102 3 192.168.1.103 4 192.168.1.104 5 192.168.1.105 6 192.168.1.106 Type 'q' to quit, a valid option [1-6], or anything else to refresh :
-u <name> : Username to be used in ssh/telnet command. The default username is that used to log in to the Cyclades-TS. -h : lists script options
Cyclades-TS
APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS AND CABLING General Hardware Specifications The power requirements, environmental conditions and physical specifications of the Cyclades-TS are listed in the table below.
POWER SPECIFICATIONS TS100 Input Voltage Range

External Universal Input Desktop Power Supply (100240VAC autorange input, 5VDC output)
TS400
TS800
TS1000
Internal 100240VAC autorange (-48VDC option available)
TS2000
Internal 100240VAC autorange (-48VDC option available)
TS3000
Internal 100240VAC autorange
Input Frequency Range Power
50/60Hz
50/60Hz
50/60Hz
50/60Hz
50/60Hz
50/60Hz
6 W max
6 W max
8 W max
28 W max
37 W max
17 W max
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION TS100 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing TS400 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing TS800 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing TS1000 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing TS2000 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing TS3000 40F to 104F (10C to 40C) 10 to 90%, noncondensing
Operating Temperature
Relative Humidity
Appendix B - Hardware Specifications and Cabling
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PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS TS100 External 2.76in x 3.35 in Dimensions x 1.18 in Weight 0.3 lb TS400 8.5in x 4.75in x 1in 1.5 lb TS800 8.5in x 4.75in x 1in 1.6 lb SAFETY TS100 Approvals TS400 TS800 TS1000 FCC Class A, CE TS2000 TS3000 TS1000 17in x 8.5 in x 1.75 in 6 lb TS2000 17in x 8.5 in x 1.75 in 6.2 lb TS3000 17in x 8.5 in x 1.75 in 8 lb
This section has all the information you need to quickly and successfully purchase or build cables to the CycladesTS. It focuses on information related to the RS-232 interface, which applies not only to the Cyclades-TS but also to any RS-232 cabling. At the end of this chapter you will also find some information about the RS-485 interface, which is available in the Cyclades-TS100 model only. The RS-232 Standard RS-232C, EIA RS-232, or simply RS-232 refer to a standard defined by the Electronic Industries Association in 1969 for serial communication. More than 30 years later, we have found more applications for this standard than its creators could have imagined. Almost all electronic devices nowadays have serial communication ports. RS-232 was defined to connect Data Terminal Equipment, (DTE, usually a computer or terminal) to Data Communication Equipment (DCE, usually a modem): DTE > RS-232 > DCE > communication line > DCE > RS-232 > DTE RS-232 is now mostly being used to connect DTE devices directly (without modems or communication lines in
Appendix B - Hardware Specifications and Cabling 75
Cyclades-TS
between). While that was not the original intention, it is possible with some wiring tricks. The relevant signals (or wires) in a RS-232 cable, from the standpoint of the computer (DTE) , are: Receive Data (RxD) and Transmit Data (TxD) The actual data signals Signal Ground (Gnd) - Electrical reference for both ends Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - Indicates that the computer (DTE) is active Data Set Ready (DSR) - Indicates that the modem (DCE) is active. Data Carrier Ready (DCD) - Indicates that the connection over the communication line is active CTS (Clear to Send, an input) Flow control for data flowing from DTE to DCE RTS (Request to Send, an output) Flow control for data flowing from DCE to DTE Not all signals are necessary for every application, so the RS-232 cable may not need all 7 wires. The RS-232 interface defines communication parameters such as parity, number of bits per character, number of stop-bits and the baud rate. Both sides must be configured with the same parameters. That is the first thing to verify if you think you have the correct cable and things still do not work. The most common configuration is 8N1 (8 bits of data per character, no parity bit included with the data, 1 stop-bit to indicate the end of a character). The baud rate in a RS-232 line translates directly into the data speed in bits per second (bps). Usual transmission speeds range between 9,600 bps and 19,200bps (used in most automation and console applications) to 115,200 bps (used by the fastest modems).
Cable Length The original RS-232 specifications were defined to work at a maximum speed of 19,200 bps over distances up to 15 meters (or about 50 feet). That was 30 years ago. Today, RS-232 interfaces can drive signals faster and through longer cables. As a general rule, consider: If the speed is lower than 38.4 kbps, you are safe with any cable up to 30 meters (100 feet) If the speed is 38.4 kbps or higher, cables should be shorter than 10 meters (30 feet) If your application is outside the above limits (high speed, long distances), you will need better quality (lowimpedance, low-capacitance) cables.
Cyclades-TS
Successful RS-232 data transmission depends on many variables that are specific to each environment. The general rules above are empirical and have a lot of safety margins built-in.
Connectors The connector traditionally used with RS-232 is the 25-pin D-shaped connector (DB-25). Most analog modems and most older computers and serial equipment use this connector. The RS-232 interface on DB-25 connector always uses the same standard pin assignment.
The 9-pin D-shaped connector (DB-9) saves some space and is also used for RS-232. Most new PC COM ports and serial equipment (specially when compact size is important) uses this connector. RS-232 interfaces on DB-9 connectors always use the same standard pin assignment. The telephone-type modular RJ-45 plug and jack are very compact, inexpensive and compatible with the phone and Ethernet wiring systems present in most buildings and data centers. Most networking equipment and new servers use RJ-45 connectors for serial communication. Unfortunately there is no standard RS-232 pin assignment for RJ-45 connectors. Every equipment vendor has its pin assignment. Most connectors have two versions. The ones with pins are said to be male and the ones with holes are said to be female. RS-232 Name/Function DB-25 pins DB-9 pins RJ-45 pins Signal (Input/Output) (Standard) (Standard) (Cyclades) Chassis Safety Ground 1 Shell Shell TxD Transmit Data (O) 2 3 3 RxD Receive Data (I) 3 2 6 DTR Data Terminal Ready (O) 20 4 2 DSR Data Set Ready (I) 6 6 8 DCD Data Carrier Detect (I) 8 1 7 RTS Request To Send (O) 4 7 1 CTS Clear To Send (I) 5 8 5 Gnd Signal Ground 7 5 4
Cyclades-TS
Straight-Through vs. Crossover Cables The RS-232 interface was originally intended to connect a DTE (computer, printer and other serial devices) to a DCE (modem) using a straight-through cable (all signals on one side connecting to the corresponding signals on the other side one-to-one). By using some cabling tricks, we can use RS-232 to connect two DTEs as is the case in most modern applications.
A crossover (a.k.a. null-modem) cable is used to connect two DTEs directly, without modems or communication lines in between. The data signals between the two sides are transmitted and received and there are many variations on how the other control signals are wired. A complete crossover cable would connect TxD with RxD, DTR with DCD/DSR, and RTS with CTS on both sides. A simplified crossover cable would cross TxD and RxD and locally short-circuit DTR with DCD/DSR and RTS with CTS.
Which Cable Should be Used First, look up the proper cable for your application in the table below. Next, purchase standard off-the-shelf cables from a computer store or cable vendor. For custom cables, refer to the cable diagrams to build your own cables or order them from Cyclades or a cable vendor.
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To Connect To DCE DB-25 Female (standard) - Analog Modems - ISDN Terminal Adapters DTE DB-25 Male or Female (standard) - Serial Terminals - Old PC COM ports - Most serial printers - Some Console Ports - Most automation devices DTE DB-9 Male or Female (standard) - Newer PC COM ports - Most Mice and pointing devices - Some automation devices DTE RJ-45 Cyclades (custom) - All Cyclades Console Ports DTE RJ-45 Netra (custom) - Sun Netra Console Ports - Cisco Console Ports
Use Cable Cable 1 RJ-45 to DB-25 M straight-through (Custom) This custom cable can be ordered from Cyclades or other cable vendors. A sample is included with the product ("straightthrough"). Cable 2 RJ-45 to DB-25 F/M crossover (Custom) This custom cable can be ordered from Cyclades or other cable vendors. A sample is included with the products ("Console").
Cable 3 RJ-45 to DB-9 F/M crossover (custom) This custom cable can be ordered from Cyclades or other cable vendors. A sample is included with the products ("Console"). Cable 4 RJ-45 to RJ-45 crossover (custom) This custom cable can be ordered from Cyclades or cable vendors using the provided wiring diagram. Cable 5- RJ-45 to RJ-45 crossover (custom) This custom cable can be ordered from Cyclades or cable vendors using the provided wiring diagram.
Cable Diagrams Before using the following cable diagrams refer to the tables above to select the correct cable for your application. Sometimes, crossover cables are wired slightly differently depending on the application. A complete crossover
79
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cable would connect the TxD with RxD, DTR with DCD/DSR, and RTS with CTS across both sides. A simplified crossover cable would cross TxD and RxD and locally short-circuit DTR with DCD/DSR and RTS with CTS. Most of the diagrams in this document show the complete version of the crossover cables, with support for modem control signals and hardware flow control. Applications that do not require such features have just to configure NO hardware flow control and NO DCD detection on their side. Both ends should have the same configuration for better use of the complete version of the cables.
Cable #1: Cyclades RJ-45 to DB-25 Male, Straight Through Application: It connects Cyclades products (serial ports) to modems and other DCE RS-232 devices.
RJ-45 Male TxD 3 RxD 6 Gnd 4 DB-25 Male DTR 2 DSR 8 DCD 7 RJ-45 RTS 1 CTS 5 DTR 20 DSR 6 DCD 8 RTS 4 CTS 5 DB-25 Male TxD 2 RxD 3 Gnd 7
80
Cyclades-TS
Cable #2: Cyclades RJ-45 to DB-25 Female/Male, Crossover Application: It connects Cyclades products (serial ports) to console ports, terminals, printers and other DTE RS-232 devices.
CCCoo onns nso sollee ol e
RJ-45 Custom TxD 3 RxD 6 Gnd 4
DB-25 F/M RxD 3 TxD 2 Gnd 7 DSR 6 DCD 8 DTR 20 CTS 5 RTS 4
DB-25 Female/Male DTR 2 DSR 8 DCD 7 RTS 1 CTS 5 RJ-45
81
Cyclades-TS
Cable #3: Cyclades RJ-45 to DB-9 Female, Crossover Application: It connects Cyclades products (serial ports) to console ports, terminals, printers and other DTE RS-232 devices.
DB-9 Female RJ-45 Custom TxD 3 RxD 6 Gnd 4 DTR 2 DSR 8 DCD 7 RTS 1 CTS 5 DB-9 Female RxD 2 TxD 3 Gnd 5 DSR 6 DCD 1 DTR 4 CTS 8 RTS 7
RJ-45
82
Cyclades-TS
Cable #4: DB-9 Female to DB-25 Female, Crossover Application: It connects the Cyclades-TS100 (serial port) to terminals, printers and other DTE RS-232 devices.
DB-25 Female
DB-9 Female RxD 2 TxD 3 Gnd 5 DSR 6 DCD 1 DTR 4 DB-9 Female RTS 7 CTS 8
DB-25 Female 2 TxD 3 RxD 7 Gnd 20 DTR 6 DsR 8 DCD 5 CTS 4 RTS
83
Cyclades-TS
Cable #5: Cyclades RJ-45 to Cyclades RJ-45, Crossover Application: Usually used to connect two ports of a Cyclades product (loopback) for testing purposes.
RJ-45 Male
RJ-45
RJ-45 Male RxD 6 TxD 3 Gnd 4 DSR 8 DCD 7 DTR 2 CTS 5 RTS 1
TxD 3 RxD 6 Gnd 4 DTR 2 DSR 8 DCD 7
RJ-45
RTS 1 CTS 5
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Cyclades-TS
Cable #6: Cyclades RJ-45 to Netra RJ-45, Crossover Usually used in console management applications to connect Cyclades products to a Sun Netra server or to a Cisco product.
RJ-45 Custom
/C
SUN N
ETR A
RJ-45 Netra RxD 6 TxD 3 Gnd 4 DSR 7 DTR 2 CTS 8 RTS 1
IS
RJ-45
TxD 3 RxD 6 Gnd 4 DTR 2 DCD 7 RTS 1 CTS 5
CO
RJ-45
CYCLA
ES
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Cyclades-TS
Loop-Back Connector for Hardware Test The use of the following DB-25 connector is explained in the Troubleshooting chapter.
2 3 4 5 6 8 20
DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Adapter The following adapter may be necessary.
DB-25 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 22 DB-9 3 2 7 8 6 5 1 4 9
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Cyclades-TS
Cabling Information Applicable only to the TS100
The RS-485 Standard The RS-485 is another standard for serial communication and is available only in the Cyclades-TS100. Different from the RS-232, the RS-485 uses fewer wires - either two wires (one twisted pair) for half duplex communication or four wires (two twisted pairs) for full duplex communication. Another RS-485 characteristic is the termination. In a network that uses the RS-485 standard, the equipments are connected one to the other in a cascade arrangement. A termination is required from the last equipment to set the end of this network. TS100 Connectors Although the RS-485 can be provided in different kinds of connectors, the Cyclades-TS100 uses a 9-pin Dshaped connector (DB-9) and a block connector with the pin assignment described below.
RS-485 Signal Chassis TXDTXD+ RXD+ RXDChassis Name/Function DB-9 pins Block connector pins 1 2 3 4 5 6
Safety Ground Transmit Data - (A) Transmit Data + (B) Receive Data + (B) Receive Data - (A) Safety Ground
7 3 2 8
Notice that if the Cyclades-TS100 is configured to use RS-485, the RS-485 signals will be available in both DBAppendix B - Hardware Specifications and Cabling 87
Cyclades-TS
9 and block connector. In this case, the DB-9 pins used in an RS-232 connection can be considered not connected.
Cable diagrams Cable #1: DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female, Crossover half duplex Application: It connects the Cyclades-TS100 (serial port) DTE RS-485 devices with half duplex communication. DB-9 DB-9 Female Female
DB-9 Female DB-9 Female RxD -8 TxD -7 RxD +2 TxD +3 RxD -8 TxD -7 RxD +2 TxD +3
Cable #2: DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female, Crossover full duplex Application: It connects the Cyclades-TS100 (serial port) to DTE RS-485 devices with full duplex communication.
DB-9 Female
DB-9 Female RxD -8 TxD -7 RxD +2 TxD +3
DB-9 Female TxD -7 RxD -8 TxD +3 RxD +2
DB-9 Female
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Cyclades-TS
Cable #3: Block Connector to Block Connector, Crossover half duplex Application: It connects the Cyclades-TS100 (serial port) to DTE RS-485 devices with half duplex communication.
Block Connector Block Connector Block Connector RxD -5 TxD -2 RxD +4 TxD +3
Block Connector RxD -5 TxD -2 RxD +4 TxD +3
Cable #4: Block Connector to Block Connector, Crossover full duplex Application: It connects the Cyclades-TS100 (serial port) to DTE RS-485 devices with full duplex communication.
Block Connector Block Connector Block Connector RxD -5 RxD +4 TxD -2 TxD +3
Block Connector TxD -2 TxD +3 RxD -5 RxD +4
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APPENDIX C SAMPLE PSLAVE.CONF FILES The pslave.conf file with all possible parameters and their descriptions is presented first. The pslave.conf files for the three examples configured in chapter 5 follow. The Complete pslave.conf File Provided with the Cyclades-TS # # pslave.conf Sample server configuration file. # # The Terminal Server uses a virtual terminal concept. Virtual terminals are # named s1, s2, etc. Every virtual terminal should have a related # physical device tty (without the "/dev/"). The tty parameter # must be configured and must be unique for each virtual terminal. # # There two types of parameters: # # 1) Global parameters # These parameters have the prefix "conf." Example of global parameters # are ethernet ip address, etc. # # 2) Terminal Parameters. # These parameters have prefixes "all.", "s1.", "s2.", etc. # # The "all." entries are used as a template for all virtual terminals. # Setting all.speed to 9600 will set all virtual terminal (s1, s2, # s3, etc.) speeds to 9600. # # Note that you can change the "all." settings one by one. # If the parameter "s4.speed 19200" appears later in the file, all terminals # except s4 will have speed 9600 bps and "s4" will have speed 19200 bps. # # # # # # # Expansion Variables A list of format strings used by some parameters is provided here for reference. %l: login name
90
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files-The complete pslave.conf file
Cyclades-TS
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
%L: %p: %P: %b: %i: %j: %1: %2: %3: %4: %c: %m: %t: %r: %I: %T: %h: %%:
stripped login name NAS port number protocol port speed local IP remote IP first byte (MSB) of remote IP second byte of remote IP third byte of remote IP fourth (LSB) byte of remote IP connect-info netmask MTU MRU idle timeout session timeout hostname %
Generic SAMPLE: all async ports at 9600 bps, 8N1, no flow control Eth IP address 192.169.160.10/24 (MTU=1500) protocol socket_server host IP 192.168.160.8/24 syslogd IP 192.168.160.1 Radius Server IP 192.168.160.3 (authentication and accounting) authentication none
Ethernet configuration. These parameters should only be configured in the file /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0 _IF_ the customer will not be using the cy_ras/portslave aplications. If the cy_ras/portslave aplications are _NOT_ used put all ifconfig commands for the ethernet directly in the /etc/network/ifcfg_eth0. The cy_ras application OVERWRITES the ifcfg_eth0 file with the values configured here. The Cyclades-TS can request all of its ethernet parameters to a DHCP server.
91
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files-The complete pslave.conf file
Cyclades-TS
# The administrator can activate the dhcp client with more options changing # the file /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd. # # Valid values 0: DHCP disabled (default) # 1: DHCP active # 2: DHCP active and the TS saves in flash the last ip assigned # by the DHCP server. This option requires changes in the # files /etc/config_files and /etc/network/dhcpcd_cmd # # SEE Cyclades-TS manual for more information. # #conf.dhcp_client 1 conf.eth_ip 192.168.160.10 conf.eth_mask 255.255.255.0 conf.eth_mtu1500 # # Secondary IP address of ethernet # #conf.eth_ip_alias 192.168.161.10 #conf.eth_mask_alias 255.255.255.0 # # Remote Network File System where data buffering will be written instead # of the default directory '/var/run/DB'. The directory tree to which the # file will be written must be NFS-mounted. # # If data buffering is turned on for port 1, for example, the data will be # stored in /tmp/ts_data_buffer/{ttyS1.data | serverfarm} on the machines # with IP address 192.168.160.11. The remote host must have NFS installed # and the administrator must create, export and allow reading/writing to # this directory. # The size of this file is not limited by the value of the parameter # s1.data_buffering, though the value cannot be zero since a zero value turns # off data buffering. # #conf.nfs_data_buffering 192.168.160.11:/tmp/ts_data_buffer # # Lock directory - The lock directory is /var/lock for the Cyclades-TS.
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files-The complete pslave.conf file 92
Cyclades-TS
# It should not be changed unless the user decides to customize the # operating system. # conf.lockdir/var/lock # # Location of the rlogin binary that accepts the "-i" flag. # conf.rlogin /usr/local/bin/rlogin-radius # # Location of our patched pppd with Radius linked in. # conf.pppd /usr/local/sbin/pppd # # Location of the telnet utility. This can be the system telnet. (Optional) # conf.telnet /bin/telnet # # Location of ssh utility. This can be the system SSH. (Optional) # conf.ssh /bin/ssh # # This parameter is only necessary when authentication is being # performed for a port. When set to one, it is possible to log # in to the Terminal Server directly # by placing a "!" before your login name, then using your normal # password. This is useful if the Radius authentication server is down. # conf.locallogins 1 # # Syslog server: syslog is the IP address of a remote syslog daemon. facility # is a value from 0 to 7 which is sent to the syslog server to # indicate in which file the syslog messages should be stored. # The file /etc/syslog.conf on the syslog server contains a mapping # between facility numbers and server log files. # conf.syslog 192.168.160.1 # # Syslog facility for portslave # conf.facility 7
Cyclades-TS
# # Syslog facility for Data Buffering # conf.DB_facility 7 # # User groups make the configuration of Port access restrictions # easier. The parameter s<nn>.users, that will be explained later, # can be configured using a combination of group names and user names. # #conf.group mkt: paul, sam # #conf.group adm: joe, mark # #s1.users mkt, joe # #s2.users adm, sam # # Speed. All ports are set to 9600 baud rate, 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. # These values can be changed port by port later in the file. # all.speed 9600 all.datasize 8 all.stopbits 1 all.parity none # # Media type - define media type and operation mode (half/full) duplex. # # valid values: # rs232 - RS232 (default value). # rs485_half - RS485 half duplex without terminator # rs485_full - RS485 full duplex without terminator # rs485_half_terminator - RS485 half duplex with terminator # rs485_full_terminator - RS485 full duplex with terminator # rs422 - alike rs485_full # rs422_terminator - alike rs485_full_terminator #all.media rs232
Cyclades-TS
# # Syslog server message level. An integer between 0 and 7. Zero: does not send # syslog messages to the syslog server. # all.syslog_level 4 # # Syslog Console message level. An integer between 0 and 7. Zero: does not send # syslog messages to the console. # all.console_level 4 # # Authentication type - either "local", "radius", "none", "remote" # "local/radius", "radius/local", or "RadiusDownLocal". # # If the authentication type is configured as "local/radius" the portslave # first tries to authenticate locally. If it fails, portslave will try to # authenticate using the radius server. # # If the authentication type is configured as "RadiusDownLocal" the portslave # first tries to authenticate using the radius server. If the Radius server # sends back a rejection, authentication will fail. Local authentication # will be tried only if the Radius server is down (timeout). # all.authtype none # # Authentication host and accounting host. Two of each can be configured # per port. The first is tried 'radretries' times before the # second is tried. If 'radretries' is not configured, 5 is used by default. # The parameter 'radtimeout' sets the timeout per query in seconds. # all.authhost1 192.168.160.3 all.accthost1 192.168.160.3 all.radtimeout 3 all.radretries 5 #all.authhost2 192.168.160.4 #all.accthost2 192.168.160.4 # # The shared secret used by RADIUS. #
Cyclades-TS
all.secret
cyclades
# # Default protocol. # # Valid values are # RAS profile: "slip", "cslip", "ppp", "ppp_only" # TS profile: "login", "rlogin", "telnet", # "ssh", "ssh2", "socket_client" # CAS profile: "socket_server", "socket_ssh", "raw_data" # # ppp_only ==> PPP over leased lines (only authentication PAP/CHAP) # # ppp ==> PPP with terminal post dialing (Auto detect PPP) # all.protocolsocket_server # # Default ip address of linux host to which the terminals will connect. # Used by the protocols rlogin, ssh, socket_client, etc. # all.host 192.168.160.8 # # IP Address assigned to the serial port. # The '+' after the value causes the interfaces to have # consecutive ip addresses. Ex. 192.168.1.101, 192.168.1.107, etc. # # The IP number of a port is used when the RADIUS # server does not send an IP number, or if it tells us to use a dynamic IP no. # all.ipno 192.168.1.101+ all.netmask 255.255.255.255 # # Maximum reception/transmission unit size for the port # all.mtu 1500 all.mru 1500 # # Standard message issued on connect. #
Cyclades-TS
all.issue
\r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\
\r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ \r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 http://www.cyclades.com/\n\ \r\n # # Login prompt. # all.prompt %h login: # # Terminal type, for rlogin/telnet sessions. # all.term vt100 # # If you want the Terminal Server to update the # login records (written to the /var/run/utmp and/or /var/log/wtmp # files), set sysutmp/syswtmp to 1. This is useful for tracking # who has accessed the Terminal Server and what they did. # all.sysutmp 1 all.syswtmp 0 all.utmpfrom "%p:%P.%3.%4" # # Use initchat to initialize the modem. # # d == delay (1 sec), p == pause (0.1 sec), l == toggle DTR # r == <CR>, l == <LF> # #all.initchat TIMEOUT 10 \ # "" \d\l\dATZ \ # OK\r\n-ATZ-OK\r\n "" \ # TIMEOUT 10 \ # "" ATM0 \ # OK\r\n "" \ # TIMEOUT 3600 \ # RING "" \
Cyclades-TS
# # # # #
STATUS Incoming %p:I.HANDSHAKE \ "" ATA \ TIMEOUT 60 \ CONNECT@ "" \ STATUS Connected %p:I.HANDSHAKE
# # Serial port flow control: # hard - hardware, rts/cts # soft - software, CTRL-S / CTRL-Q # none. # all.flow none # # DCD signal (sets the tty parameter CLOCAL). Valid values are 0 or 1. # In a socket session, if all.dcd=0, a connection request (telnet or # ssh) will be accepted regardless of the DCD signal and the connection # will not be closed if the DCD signal is set to DOWN. # In a socket connection, if all.dcd=1 a connection request will be # accepted only if the DCD signal is UP and the connection (telnet or # ssh) will be closed if the DCD signal is set to DOWN. # all.dcd 0 # # PPP options - used if a PPP session is autodetected. # Note that mru and mtu are both set to the MTU setting. # Callback server is enabled when cb-script parameter is set. # #all.autoppp%i:%j novj \ # proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ # noipx noccp login auth require-pap refuse-chap \ # mtu %t mru %t \ # ms-dns 192.168.160.5 ms-dns 0.0.0.0 \ # cb-script /etc/portslave/cb_script \ # plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so # # PPP options - User already authenticated and service type is PPP. # #all.pppopt %i:%j novj \
Cyclades-TS
# # # # # #
proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp mtu %t mru %t netmask %m \ idle %I maxconnect %T \ ms-dns 192.168.160.5 ms-dns 0.0.0.0 \ plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so
# # When not set to zero, this parameter sets the wait for a TCP connection # keep-alive timer. If no traffic passes through the Terminal Server for # this period of time (ms), the Terminal Server will send a modem statuss # message to the remote device to see if the connection is still up. # #all.poll_interval 1000 # # Transmission interval - Controls the interval between two consecutive datas # packets transmited to the Ethernet. Only valid for # protocols socket_server, raw_data, and socket_client. # # Valid values : 0 - transmit packet immediately (no interval). # 10, 20, 30, ... interval in milliseconds. # #all.tx_interval 100 # # Inactivity timeout - Defines the time in minutes that a conection can # remains without activity (rx/tx). Only for CAS profile # and socket_client protocol. # #all.idletimeout 5 # This defines an alternative labeling system for the Terminal Server ports. # This parameter is used by the protocols telnet, socket_client and # socket_server. It is mandadory if the protocol is socket_server, otherwise # 23 will be used. # # The '+' after the numerical value causes the interfaces to be numbered # consecutively. Ex. 7001, 7002, 7003, etc. # all.socket_port 7001+
Cyclades-TS
# Data buffering configuration # # A non-zero value activates data buffering. The number is equal to the # buffer size. A file /var/run/DB/{ttyS#.data | serverfarm} is created on # the Cyclades-TS and all data received from the port is captured. # The files for all buffered ports combined can contain up to the amount # of available memory in the ram disk. This amount can be discovered # by typing: "df<enter>". # Each file is a revolving file which is overwritten as the limit of buffer # size is reached. These files can be viewed using the normal Unix tools # (cat, vi, more, etc.). # If there is not enough available ram disk, NFS_buffering can be used. There # is effectively no limit to NFS buffer size. # all.data_buffering 0 # # When non-zero, the contents of the data buffer are sent to the syslog # server every time a quantity of data equal to this parameter is collected. # [40 to 255 recomended] # # all.syslog_level should be greater than or equal to 5, and data_buffering # non-zero for syslog generation. # all.syslog_buffering 0 # # Controls the presentation of the Data buffering menu # # MENU: # "A non-empty Data Buffering File was found. Choose wich action # should be performed ( (I)gnore, (D)isplay, (E)rase or (S)how and erase ) :" # # valid values: # 0 - Shows the menu with all options. # 1 - Doesn't show the menu and any non empty data buffering file # 2 - Doesn't show the menu but shows a non empty data buffering file # 3 - Shows the menu without the options "erase" and "show and erase". # #all.dont_show_DBmenu 1
Cyclades-TS
# # Send Break to the TTY when this string is received (ssh only). # all.break_sequence ~break # # Authentication of Radius users registered without passwords # # When enabled (value 1) and a user registered in # the Radius database with a blank password tries to log in, the user # is authenticated. This is a very weak level of security since # a user would only need to know that a particular username exists. # This does not affect Radius users registered with passwords. # all.radnullpass 0 # # Automatic User Definition (more useful when used to a specific port) # # This parameter is only used if the port is configured as a Terminal Server # (login, telnet, rlogin, ssh and ssh2) and authentication type 'none'. # #all.userauto edson # # Port access restriction (more useful when used to a specific port). # A single comma and spaces/tabs may be used between names. # A comma may not appear between the ! and the first user name. # The users may be local or Radius. # # In this example, the users joe and mark CANNOT access any serial port # #all.users ! joe, mark # # In this example, ONLY the users joe and mark CAN access any serial port # #all.users joe, mark # # Serverfarm is an alias name for a server connected to the Cyclades-TS # through one of its serial ports (only useful if assigned to a specific port).
Cyclades-TS
# This alias is used as name to the data buffering file and in ssh command to # select a serial port that should be configured as "socket_ssh". # # The value entered here should be the same used in the ssh command. Ex. # # ssh -t <username>:<server_connected_to_serial1>@<tsname> or # ssh -t -l <username>:<server_connected_to_serial1> <tsname> # #s1.serverfarm server_connected_to_serial1 # # Snif session mode (in, out, i/o). With this parameter the user can select # which data will be sent to the monitor. The default is "out". # all.sniff_mode out # # Users that are allowed to sniff sessionsI (administrator). This field has # the same format "all.users", but the '!' should be used used with PRECAUTION. # # In this example, ONLY the users joe, mark, and peter CAN access any # serial port (to create first session) but ONLY the user peter can # sniff or cancel another session. # #all.users joe, mark #all.admin_users peter # # Port-specific parameters # s1.tty ttyS1 s2.tty ttyS2 s3.tty ttyS3 s4.tty ttyS4 s5.tty ttyS5 s6.tty ttyS6 s7.tty ttyS7 s8.tty ttyS8 s9.tty ttyS9 s10.tty ttyS10 s11.tty ttyS11
Cyclades-TS
s12.tty s13.tty s14.tty s15.tty s16.tty
ttyS12 ttyS13 ttyS14 ttyS15 ttyS16
# for TS2000 uncomment s17 through s32 #s17.tty ttyS17 #s18.tty ttyS18 #s19.tty ttyS19 #s20.tty ttyS20 #s21.tty ttyS21 #s22.tty ttyS22 #s23.tty ttyS23 #s24.tty ttyS24 #s25.tty ttyS25 #s26.tty ttyS26 #s27.tty ttyS27 #s28.tty ttyS28 #s29.tty ttyS29 #s30.tty ttyS30 #s31.tty ttyS31 #s32.tty ttyS32 # for TS3000 uncomment s33 through s48 #s33.tty ttyS33 #s34.tty ttyS34 #s35.tty ttyS35 #s36.tty ttyS36 #s37.tty ttyS37 #s38.tty ttyS38 #s39.tty ttyS39 #s40.tty ttyS40 #s41.tty ttyS41 #s42.tty ttyS42 #s43.tty ttyS43 #s44.tty ttyS44 #s45.tty ttyS45 #s46.tty ttyS46 #s47.tty ttyS47 #s48.tty ttyS48
Cyclades-TS
Installation Manual
The pslave.cas File Provided With the Cyclades-TS for the Console Access Server Example # # pslave.conf Sample server configuration file. # # Console Access Server Profile # conf.eth_ip 200.200.200.1 conf.eth_mask 255.255.255.0 conf.eth_mtu1500 #conf.nfs_data_buffering 192.168.160.11:/tmp/ts_data_buffer conf.lockdir/var/lock conf.syslog 200.200.200.2 conf.facility 7 all.syslog_level 4 all.console_level 4 all.speed 9600 all.datasize 8 all.stopbits 1 all.parity none all.authtype radius all.authhost1 200.200.200.2 all.accthost1 200.200.200.2 all.radtimeout 3 all.radretries 5 all.secret cyclades all.ipno 192.168.1.101+ all.term vt100 all.issue \r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\ \r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ \r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 http://www.cyclades.com/\n\ \r\n all.prompt all.term all.flow %h login: vt100 hard
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Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.cas file
Cyclades-TS
Installation Manual
all.poll_interval 0 all.socket_port 7001+ all.protocol socket_server all.data_buffering 0 all.syslog_buffering 0 #all.dont_show_DBmenu 1 # # Users joe and mark will only have access granted to the serial port ttyS2 # all.users ! joe, mark # # Sniff sessions will only display data sent by servers connected # to the serial port. # all.sniff_mode out # # Only users peter and john can open a sniff session # all.admin_users peter, john # # Port-specific parameters # #----------------# PORT 1 #----------------s1.tty ttyS1 s1.authtype local s1.serverfarm server_connected_serial1 #----------------# PORT 2 #----------------s2.tty ttyS2 s2.users joe, mark s2.protocol socket_ssh
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.cas file 105
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Installation Manual
#----------------# PORT 8 #----------------s8.tty s8.protocol s8.authtype s8.serverfarm ttyS8 socket_ssh none server_connected_serial8
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.cas file
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Installation Manual
The pslave.ts File provided with the Cyclades-TS for the Terminal Server Example # # pslave.conf Sample server configuration file. # # Terminal Server Profile conf.eth_ip 200.200.200.1 conf.eth_mask 255.255.255.0 conf.eth_mtu1500 conf.lockdir/var/lock conf.rlogin /usr/local/bin/rlogin-radius conf.telnet /bin/telnet conf.ssh /bin/ssh conf.locallogins 0 all.speed 9600 all.datasize 8 all.stopbits 1 all.parity none all.authtype none all.protocoltelnet all.host 200.200.200.3 all.issue \r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\ \r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ \r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 http://www.cyclades.com/\n\ \r\n all.prompt %h login: all.term vt100 all.flow hard all.socket_port 23 # # Users joe and mark will only have access to serial port ttyS5 # all.users ! joe, mark
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.ts file 107
Cyclades-TS
Installation Manual
# # Port-specific parameters # s1.tty ttyS1 s2.tty s2.authtype s2.protocol s2.speed s2.datasize s2.stopbits s2.parity s3.tty s3.protocol s3.authtype s4.tty s4.protocol s4.authtype s5.tty s5.users ttyS2 local rlogin 19200 7 2 even ttyS3 ssh2 remote ttyS4 ssh remote
ttyS5 joe, mark
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.ts file
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Installation Manual
The pslave.ras File Provided With the Cyclades-TS for the Remote Access Server Example # # pslave.conf Sample server configuration file. # # Remote Access Server Profile # conf.eth_ip 200.200.200.1 conf.eth_mask 255.255.255.0 conf.eth_mtu1500 conf.lockdir/var/lock conf.pppd /usr/local/sbin/pppd-radius conf.syslog 200.200.200.3 conf.facility 7 all.speed 57600 all.datasize 8 all.stopbits 1 all.parity none all.syslog_level 4 all.console_level 4 all.authtype radius all.authhost1 200.200.200.2 all.accthost1 200.200.200.2 all.radtimeout 5 all.radretries 5 all.secret cocomero all.protocolppp all.ipno 200.200.200.11+ all.netmask 255.255.255.255 all.mtu 1500 all.mru 1500 all.issue \r\n\ TSLINUX - Portslave Internet Services\n\ \r\n\ Welcome to terminal server %h port S%p \n\ \r\n\ Customer Support: 510-770-9727 http://www.cyclades.com/\n\ \r\n
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.ras file
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Installation Manual
all.initchat TIMEOUT 10 \ "" \d\l\dATZ \ OK\r\n-ATZ-OK\r\n "" \ "" ATMO \ OK\R\N "" \ TIMEOUT 3600 \ RING "" \ STATUS Incoming %p:I.HANDSHAKE \ "" ATA \ TIMEOUT 60 \ CONNECT@ "" \ STATUS Connected %p:I.HANDSHAKE all.flow hard all.dcd 1 all.autoppp %i:%j novj \ proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp login auth require-pap refuse-chap \ mtu %t mru %t \ plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so all.pppopt %i:%j novj \ proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp mtu %t mru %t netmask %m \ idle %I maxconnect %T \ plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so # # Port-specific parameters # #----------------------------------------------# PORT 1 PPP dial in with terminal post dialing #----------------------------------------------s1.tty ttyS1 #----------------------------------------------# PORT 2 PPP dial in with terminal post dialing #----------------------------------------------s2.tty ttyS2 s2.authtype local/radius
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.ras file 110
Cyclades-TS
Installation Manual
#------------------------------------------# PORT 3 PPP Leased line #------------------------------------------s3.tty ttyS3 s3.protocol ppp_only s3.pppopt %i:%j novj \ proxyarp modem asyncmap 000A0000 \ noipx noccp login auth require-pap refuse-chap \ mtu %t mru %t \ plugin /usr/lib/libpsr.so s3.initchat "" s3.issue ""
Appendix C - Sample pslave.conf files - The pslave.ras file
111
Cyclades-TS
APPENDIX D CUSTOMIZATION Everything related to the Cyclades-TS can be traced back to two files: /etc/rc.sysinit and /etc/ inittab. All Cyclades-TS application programs are started during boot by the init process. The related lines in the /etc/inittab file are listed below: # System initialization. ::sysinit:/etc/rc.sysinit # Single user shell #console::respawn:/bin/sh < /dev/console > /dev/console 2> /dev/console ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -p ttyS0 ansi ::respawn:/sbin/cy_wdt_led wdt led # Cyclades RAS ::once:/sbin/cron ::once:/sbin/snmpd ::once:/sbin/cy_buffering ::once:/sbin/cy_ras ::once:/sbin/sshd -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config ::once:/sbin/ex_ntpclient ::wait:/sbin/fwset restore To customize the Cyclades-TS, change these lines or add others. If the /etc/inittab file is changed, edit the /etc/config_files file and add a line containing only /etc/inittab. Save the file and exit the editor. Save the new configuration by executing saveconf. Then, the Cyclades-TS should be turned off and then turned on again. This is necessary because the init program provided by Busybox, a tool that emulates rm, cp, etc., but uses much less space, does not support the option q. Cyclades provides a development kit which allows changes to be made to the Cyclades-TSs software. However, Cyclades does not provide free technical support for systems modified in this way. Any changes are the responsability of the user.
Appendix D - Customization
112
Cyclades-TS
APPENDIX E THE WEB CONFIGURATION MANAGER An HTML server to facilitate administration and configuration of the Cyclades-TS was implemented in software v.1.3.0. To use this feature: 1. Connect the Cyclades-TS to a terminal using the console cable, 2. Log in to the Cyclades-TS from the terminal with root privileges, 3. Change the IP address/mask/gateway using the command config_eth0 ip 200.200.200.1 mask 255.255.255.0 gw 200.200.200.5 replacing the IP numbers in the line above with IP numbers appropriate to your system. 4. Open a browser (Netscape, Internet Explorer, etc.) and type the IP address of the TSs Ethernet interface (200.200.200.1 above). A page similar to that shown in Fig. E.1 will appear. Type root in the username field and tslinux in the password field to use the Web Configuration Manager. Change the root password as soon as possible: the user database for the Web Configuration Manager is different than the system user database, so the root password can be different.
Appendix E The Web Configuration Manager
113
Cyclades-TS
FIGURE E.1 LOGIN PAGE OF THE WEB CONFIGURATION MANAGER
114
Cyclades-TS
After logging in, the screen shown in Figure E.2 appears.
FIGURE E.2 PAGE FOLLOWING LOGIN

Appendix E The Web Configuration Manager 115
Cyclades-TS
This page gives a brief description of all menu options. To change the password: 1. Click on the link Web User Management->Users 2. Select the user root, then click on the Change Password button. 3. Type the new password twice and submit the request. 4. The next page will require a new login, type root and the new password 5. Click on the link Web User Management->Load/Save Configuration and click on the Save Configuration button. 6. Then, click on the link Administration->Load/Save Configuration and click on the Save Configuration to flash button. To logout, click on the Administration->Log out link.
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Cyclades-TS
The General page of the Web Configuration Manager is shown in Fig. E.3
FIGURE E.3 GENERAL PAGE OF THE WEB CONFIGURATION MANAGER

Cyclades-TS
A Menu of links is provided along the left side of the page. A summary of what each link leads to is shown in the following figures.
Link Name General Serial Ports Serial Port Groups Host Table Static Routes IP Chains Boot Configuration Edit Text File System Users System Groups Description of Page Contents Description, Ethernet, DNS, Syslog, Name Service Access, Data Buffering. Configuration for the Portslave package. User Groups in Serial Ports Configuration. Table of hosts in /etc/hosts. Static routes defined in /etc/network/st_routes. Static Firewall Chains in /etc/network/ipchains. Configuration of parameters used in the boot process. Tool to read and edit a configuration file. Management of system users defined in /etc/passwd. Management of system groups defined in /etc/groups.
FIGURE E.4 THE CONFIGURATION SECTION

Link Name Users Groups Access Limits Load/Save Configuration Description of Page Contents List of users allowed to access the web server. List of possible access groups. List of access limits for specific URL's. Load/Save web user configuration in /etc/websum.conf.
FIGURE E.5 THE WEB USER MANAGEMENT SECTION
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Cyclades-TS
Link Name Logout Reboot Send Message Port Conversation Download/Upload Image Load/Save Configuration Set Date/Time Active Sessions Process Status Restart Processes
Description of Page Contents Exits the Web Manager. Resets the equipment. Sends messages to users logged in to a serial port. Does a port conversation through a serial port. Uses an FTP server to load and save a kernel image. Uses flash memory or an FTP server to load or save the TS's configuration. Set the TS's date and time. Shows the active sessions and allows the administrator to kill them. Shows the running processes and allows the administrator to kill them. Allows the administrator to start or stop some processes.
FIGURE E.6 THE ADMINISTRATION SECTION

Link Name Interface Statistics Serial Ports Routing Table ARP Cache IP Chains IP Rules IP Statistics ICMP Statistics TCP Statistics UDP Statistics RAM Disk Usage System Information Description of Page Contents Shows statistics for all active interfaces. Shows the status of all serial ports Shows the routing table and allows the administrator to add or delete routes. Shows the ARP cache. Shows IP Chains Entries. Shows Firewall, NAT and IP Accounting rules. Shows IP protocol statistics. Shows ICMP protocol statistics. Shows TCP protocol statistics. Shows UDP protocol statistics. Shows the TS File System. Shows information about the kernel, Time, CPU and Memory.
FIGURE E.7 THE INFORMATION SECTION

Cyclades-TS
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Manager 1. What to do when the initial web page does not appear.
Try pinging, telnetting or tracerouting to the Cyclades-TS to make sure it is reachable. If not, the problem is probably in the network or network configuration. Are the interfaces up? Are the IP addresses correct? Are filters configured which block the packets? If the Cyclades-TS is reachable, see if the /bin/webs process is running by executing the command ps. If it is not, type /bin/webs & to start it. If the /bin/webs process is not being initialized during boot, change the file /etc/inittab. 2. How to restore the default configuration of the Web Configuration Manager This would be required only when the root password was lost or the configuration file /etc/websum.conf was damaged. From a console or telnet session, edit the file /etc/config_files. Find the reference to /etc/websum.conf and delete it. Save the modified /etc/config_files file. Execute the command saveconf. Reboot the system. Enter into the Web Configuration Manager with the default username and password (root/tslinux). Edit the file /etc/config_files and insert the reference to /etc/websum.conf.
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Cyclades Australia Phone: +61 7 3279 4320 Fax: +61 7 3279 4393 www.au.cyclades.com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www.cyclades.com Cyclades Philippines Phone: (632) 813-0353 Fax: (632) 655-2610 www.ph.cyclades.com
Cyclades South America Phone: 55-11-5033-3333 Fax: 55-11-5033-3388 www.cyclades.com.br
Cyclades Italy Phone: 39 329 0990451
Cyclades UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 1724 279981 www.uk.cyclades.com
Cyclades Germany Phone: +49 (0)81 22 90 99-90 Fax: +49 (0)81 22 90 999-33 www.cyclades.de

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Cyclades-TS Installation & Service Manual

Configuring the Cyclades-TS100 for the first time .................................................................................... 40

An example of the use of ipchains for a console access server ............................................................. 72

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Manager .................................................................................. 120

Installation & Service Manual

Chapter 1 - How To Use This Manual

Installation & Service Manual

Chapter 2 - Safety Instructions

Installation & Service Manual

Chapter 2 - Safety Instructions

Installation & Service Manual

Wall Outlet Power Cable

Cross Cable (Same as Console Cable)

Connect to a DTE Device

FIGURE 3.1 CYCLADES-TS3000 AND CABLES

Installation & Service Manual

Connect to a COM Serial Port

FIGURE 3.2 CYCLADES-TS2000 AND CABLES

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box

Installation & Service Manual

90-240VAC CYCLADES TS1000

Connect to a COM Serial Port

FIGURE 3.3 CYCLADES-TS1000 AND CABLES

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box

Installation & Service Manual

Power Cable Modem Cable

Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor

FIGURE 3.4 CYCLADES-TS800 AND CABLES

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box

Installation & Service Manual

Connect to a modem or to a null-modem adaptor

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box

Installation & Service Manual

Cyclades-TS100 Front View Back View

Console Cable Power Cable Connect to a COM Serial Port

FIGURE 3.6 CYCLADES-TS100 AND CABLES

Chapter 3 - What is in the Box

Installation & Service Manual

CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF THE CONFIGURATION PROCESS The Cyclades-TS can be used as a:

Chapter 4 - Summary of the Configuration Process

Installation & Service Manual

Chapter 4 - Summary of the Configuration Process

Installation & Service Manual

Installation & Service Manual

FIGURE 5.1 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/HOSTNAME FILE

FIGURE 5.2 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/HOSTS FILE

FIGURE 5.3 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/RESOLV.CONF FILE

Installation & Service Manual

route add default gw

FIGURE 5.4 CONTENTS OF THE /ETC/NETWORK/ST_ROUTES FILE

Installation & Service Manual

Socket Port 7008 192.168.1.108

Socket Port 7002 192.168.1.102

Serial Connections Speed: 9.6 K

FIGURE 5.5 CONSOLE SERVER APPLICATION

Installation & Service Manual

Value for This Example 200.200.200.1

conf.eth_mask conf.eth_mtu conf.nfs_data_ buffering

255.255.255.0 1500 commented