SALAZAR COLLEGE OF SCIENCES AND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

College of Teacher Education

Madridejos, Cebu
Activity 4

Full Name: Jose Glenn D. Balondro Student ID: 2018130561

Email Address: [email protected]

Instructions:
Please accomplish the following tasks with patience and full understanding of individual
differences:
A) Source or surf references that will assist the group in carrying out the tasks
B) Read and analyze well each case before proceeding to the succeeding tasks
C) In solving the situational problem, make sure to establish these suggested steps in your
solution process:
C.1) State the hypothesis
C.2) Find the critical value (or termed as table of value)
C.3) Compute the test value (this is the part when you compute, show the solution
process and the answer)
C.4) Decision (it is at this point where you can either accept of reject the null hypothesis)
C.5) Conclusion/Generalization
D) Compute the test values of Problem 1 and Problem 2 complying all three requirements here
D. 1) Manual Computation D.2) Microsoft Excel
E) Present a clear, clean, orderly and calculation of D.1 while only the screen shots of the outputs
for D.2 or shall be “cut and paste” here.
F) Provide analyses and interpretations for each output (for t – test and Spearman Rho test)

Situational Problems and Data Set:

Problem 1: Two groups were given a speed reading class using different techniques. Test the
claim that Method A gives better results at the 0.01 level. Assume the variances are equal.
Method 1: n = 16, x = 44.0 and Std. Dev = 13.2
Method 2: n = 12, x = 36.5, and Std. Dev = 10.2

Problem 2: Six teachers were ranked by their School Head and by their Master Teacher (MT) in
relation to classroom management. At the 0.05 level, is there a correlation between the HT and
MTs ranking?
Teachers A B C D E F
School Head 5 2 1 4 3 6
MT ranking 3 4 1 5 2 6

Problem 3: The time it took a sample of females and males with special needs to complete a
“Sign – Language” performance test had been computed. Is there a difference in the means at
0.05 level? The females and males are independent samples, but the times of completion are not
normally distributed.(Use Mann Whitney)
Females: 28 36 42 50 48 50 30 29 24 43 38
Males: 49 48 44 38 35 36 45 46 29 40 47
49 47

Problem 4: As part of the Guidance Office yearlong activity, an IQ test was administered among
the students at 8:00 in the morning on a particular date. After a few months, the type of test was
administered at 1:00 in the afternoon covering the same items. Test at the 0.01 level to see if
there is a difference in their performance given the raw scores below. (use Paired t – test)
8:00 AM test 105 104 112 102 124 118 114 108 113 96
1:00 AM test 99 98 110 105 124 116 112 105 114 94

------------------------------------------------------ Nothing Follows ---------------------------------------------------

Presentation of Outputs Starts Here:

Problem 1: Two groups were given a speed reading class using different techniques. Test the
claim that Method A gives better results at the 0.01 level. Assume the variances are equal.
Method 1: n = 16, x = 44.0 and Std. Dev = 13.2
Method 2: n = 12, x = 36.5, and Std. Dev = 10.2

a. Define Null and Alternative Hypothesis.

Ho: μ method A < μ method B
H1: μ method A > μ method B
b. Critical Value
Alpha= 0.01
Test: t-test
Df: (16-1) + (12-1)= 26
Critical Value of t = 2.479
c. Calculate Test Statistic
t=¿ ¿
df 1 =16−1=15
df 2 =12−1=11
2
SS1=(13.3) ( 15 ) =2613.6
2
SS2= (10.2 ) ( 11) =1144.44
2 SS1 + SS2
S p=
df 1 +df 2
2 2613.6+ 1144.44
S p=
15+11
2 3758.04
S p= =144.54
26
(44−36.5)
t=

√ 144.54 144.54
16
+
7.5
12
t=
√ 9.03+12.05
 7.5
t=
√21.08
7.5
t=
4.59
t=1.63
d. Decision
If t is greater than 2.479, reject the null hypothesis.
t = 1.63
Result: Do not reject the null hypothesis
e. State Conclusion
The claim that Method A gives better results is false.

Problem 2: Six teachers were ranked by their School Head and by their Master Teacher (MT) in
relation to classroom management. At the 0.05 level, is there a correlation between the HT and
MTs ranking?
Teachers A B C D E F
School Head 5 2 1 4 3 6
MT ranking 3 4 1 5 2 6
a. Suppose we have the following values with scores for N=6 people on the variables x and y:
x (SH) y (MT)
5 3
2 4
1 1
4 5
3 2
6 6
Correlation-Stating H 0 and H 1
First, we will state our null and alternative hypothesis:
H 0 : Pxy ≠ 0
H 1 : Pxy=0
b. Critical Value
Alpha= 0.05
Df: (n-2)
Df: (12-2)=10
Critical Value of r = 0.497
c. In terms of calculations, first we’ll begin with calculating the mean of x and the mean of y.
1. Find mean of x and y:
(5+2+1+ 4+3+ 6)
Mean of x=
6
21
Mean of x= =3.5
6

(3+ 4+1+5+ 2+ 6)
Mean of y:
6
21
Mean of y: =3.5
6
2. Deviation Scores
Deviation Score Deviation Score
x y x-mean of x y-mean of y
5 3 5-3.5= 1.5 3-3.5= -0.5
2 4 2-3.5= -1.5 4-3.5= 0.5
1 1 1-3.5= -2.5 1-3.5= -2.5
4 5 4-3.5= 0.5 5-3.5= 1.5
3 2 3-3.5= -0.5 2-3.5= -1.5
6 6 6-3.5= 2.5 6-3.5= 2.5
3. Square the Deviation Scores
Square each deviation score of Square each deviation score of y
x
x y 2 2
(x−mean of x) ( y−meanof y )
5 3 2
1.5 = 2.25
2
−0.5 = 0.25
2 4 2
−1.5 = 2.25
2
0.5 = 0.25
1 1 2
−2.5 = 6.25
2
−2.5 = 6.25
4 5 2
0.5 = 0.25
2
1.5 = 2.25
3 2 2
−0.5 = 0.25
2
−1.5 = 2.25
6 6 2
2.5 = 6.25
2
2.5 = 6.25
4. Sum of the squared deviation scores (or SS)
Deviation Score Deviation Score
SS x =∑ (x −mean of x ) SS y =∑ ( y −mean of y )
x y 2 2

5 3 2
1.5 = 2.25
2
−0.5 = 0.25
2 4 2
−1.5 = 2.25
2
0.5 = 0.25
1 1 2
−2.5 = 6.25
2
−2.5 = 6.25
4 5 2
0.5 = 0.25
2
1.5 = 2.25
3 2 2
−0.5 = 0.25
2
−1.5 = 2.25
6 6 2
2.5 = 6.25
2
2.5 = 6.25
SS x =¿2.25 + 2.25 + 6.25 + 0.25 SS y =¿0.25 + 0.25 + 6.25 + 2.25 +
+ 0.25 + 6.25 2.25 + 6.25
SS X =¿17.5 SS y =¿17.5
5. Cross Products
Deviation Score Deviation Score Sum of Product
x y x-mean of x y-mean of y (x-mean x) (y-mean y)
5 3 5-3.5= 1.5 3-3.5= -0.5 (1.5) (-0.5)= -0.75
2 4 2-3.5= -1.5 4-3.5= 0.5 (-1.5) (0.5)= -0.75
1 1 1-3.5= -2.5 1-3.5= -2.5 (-2.5) (-2.5)= 6.25
4 5 4-3.5= 0.5 5-3.5= 1.5 (0.5) (1.5)= 0.75
3 2 3-3.5= -0.5 2-3.5= -1.5 (-0.5) (-1.5)= 0.75
6 6 6-3.5= 2.5 6-3.5= 2.5 (2.5) (2.5)=6.25
SP= -0.75+ (-0.75) + 6.25 +
0.75 + 0.75 + 6.25
 SP= 12.5

Now, we have all of the values to calculate Pearson’s r: SS x =17.5, SS y =17.5, SP=12.5
SP
r=
¿¿
12.5
r=
( √ 17.5 ) ( √ 17.5 )
12.5 12.5
r= = =0.72
( 4.18 ) ( 4.18 ) 17.47
d. Decision: Reject or Accept Null
Calculated r > Critical r: Reject Null
Calculated r < Critical r: Accept Null
0.72 >0.497: Reject Null Hypothesis

e. Conclusion
In this case, 0.72 is greater than 0.497 critical value, meaning that we reject the null in favour of
the alternative hypothesis. We would conclude then that we’re 95% sure that the correlation
between the ranked by their school head and MTs ranking does in fact positively correlated or
connected with the ranked of HT and MTs.
Problem 3: The time it took a sample of females and males with special needs to complete a
“Sign – Language” performance test had been computed. Is there a difference in the means at
0.05 level? The females and males are independent samples, but the times of completion are not
normally distributed.(Use Mann Whitney)
Females: 28 36 42 50 48 50 30 29 24 43 38
Males: 49 48 44 38 35 36 45 46 29 40 47
49 47

a. Hypothesis
H 0=¿There is no difference between the samples of females and males with special
needs.
H 1=¿ There is a difference between the samples of females and males with special needs.
b. Critical Value
Alpha= 0.05
Test: t-test
Critical value of Mann-Whitney U: 37
c. Computation
1-------------24 13------------43
2-------------28 14------------44
3.5----------29 15------------45
3.5----------29 16------------46
5------------30 17.5----------47
6------------35 17.5-----------47
7.5----------36 19.5-----------48
7.5----------36 19.5-----------48
9.5----------38 21.5-----------49
9.5-----------38 21.5-----------49
11------------40 23.5-----------50
12-----------42 23.5-----------50

Females (A) Males (B)

28---------------2 49-----------21.5
36------------7.5 48-----------19.5
42-------------12 44-----------14
50-------------23.5 38-----------9.5
48-------------19.5 35-----------6
50------------23.5 36-----------7.5
30-------------5 45-----------15
29-------------3.5 46------------16
24-------------1 29------------3.5
43--------------13 40------------11
38--------------9.5 47-----------17.5
 49-----------21.5
47-----------17.5
∑ ¿120 ∑ ¿180
U STAT =Rank
∑ −n ( n+1 )
2
11 ( 11+1 )
U A =120−
2
11 ( 12 )
U A =120−
2
132
U A =120−
2
U A =120−66

U A =54

13 ( 13+1 )
U B=180−
2
13 ( 14 )
U B=180−
2
183
U B=180−
2
U B=180−91

U B=89

d. Decision: Reject or Accept Null

Accept the Null Hypothesis ( H 0 )
Reject the Alternative Hypothesis ( H 1 )

e. Conclusion
Reject the alternative hypothesis which means that there is no difference in the means of females
and males with special needs.

Problem 4: As part of the Guidance Office yearlong activity, an IQ test was administered among
the students at 8:00 in the morning on a particular date. After a few months, the type of test was
administered at 1:00 in the afternoon covering the same items. Test at the 0.01 level to see if
there is a difference in their performance given the raw scores below. (use Paired t – test)
8:00 AM test 105 104 112 102 124 118 114 108 113 96
1:00 AM test 99 98 110 105 124 116 112 105 114 94
 a. Hypothesis
H 0=¿There is no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test performance scores.
H 1=¿ There is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test performance scores.
b. Critical Value
Alpha= 0.01
Test: t-test
Critical Value of t: 3.250

c. Computation
DATA
8:00 in the morning 1:00 in the afternoon
(pre-test) (post-test)
105 99
104 98
112 110
102 105
124 124
118 116
114 112
108 105
113 114
96 94

Step 1: Compute Total: 1096 Total: 1077

the mean Mean 1=109.6 Mean 2=107.7

Step 2: Compute the difference score

2
Pre-Test Post-Test Difference Difference
105 99 6 36
104 98 6 36
112 110 2 4
102 105 -3 9
124 124 0 0
118 116 2 2
114 112 2 2
108 105 3 9
113 114 -1 1
96 94 2 4
Total: 1096 Total: 1077 ∑ D=19 ∑ D 2=107
Mean 1=109.6 Mean 2=107.7

Step 3: Compute the mean of sample difference score and SS D.

D=
∑ D = 19 =1.9
N 10
 (∑ D )
2

SS D=∑ D −
2
N
( 19 )2
SS D=107−
10
361
SS D=107−
10
SS D=107−36.1
SS D=70.9

Step 4: Compute the t-statistic

D−μ D
t=

√ SS D
N ( N−1 )
1.9−0
t=

√70.9
10 ( 10−1 )
1.9
t=
70.9
√
10 ( 9 )
1.9
t=
70.9
90
1.9
√
t=
√ 0.89
1.9
t=
0.89
t=2.1348
Step 5: Compare the t-statistic (computed value) to the critical value (from the table).
t= 2.1348
table t= 3.250

d. Decision
If the t-statistic is greater than the value of table t, reject the Null Hypothesis ( H 0). Since
the value of table t is greater than the t-statistic, we reject the alternative hypothesis ( H 1).
e. Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test performance score.