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    The document discusses chromosomes, their structure as carriers of DNA and proteins, their classification into autosomes and sex chromosomes, their role in heredity and genetic variation, and their importance in processes like cell division and evolution.

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    The document discusses chromosomes, their structure as carriers of DNA and proteins, their classification into autosomes and sex chromosomes, their role in heredity and genetic variation, and their importance in processes like cell division and evolution.

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    The document discusses chromosomes, their structure as carriers of DNA and proteins, their classification into autosomes and sex chromosomes, their role in heredity and genetic variation, and their importance in processes like cell division and evolution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    8 views4 pages

    prezentacja

    Uploaded by

    max max
    The document discusses chromosomes, their structure as carriers of DNA and proteins, their classification into autosomes and sex chromosomes, their role in heredity and genetic variation, and their importance in processes like cell division and evolution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    prezentacja

    Chromosomes are the molecular architects of life, intricate structures within our
    cells that carry the genetic information necessary for the development for
    functioning of all living organisms. This document aims to delve into the
    fundamental aspects of chromosomes, from their structure to their pivotal
    functions in heredity and beyond.

    Chromosomes are thread-like structured found within the nucelus in every cell
    composed of dna and proteins, they act as carriers of genes - the units of
    heredity. The DNA in chromosomes contains instructions necessary for growth,
    development and functioning

    The structure of chromosomes is a marvel of nature, dna, organised as a double


    helix is tightly wound around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes. These
    nucleosomes further coil and fold creating the structure.

    Chromosomes are classified into two types - autosomes and sex chromosomes
    Autosomes determine general traits, while sex chromosomes determine an
    individuals biological sex.

    Humans possess 23 pairs of chromosomes, totalling 46. One from each parent,
    carry similar genetic information. The unique combination of genes determines
    individual characteristics

    Chromosome replication is a crucial process before cell division. Mitosis ensures


    the faithful duplication and distribution of chromosomes in somatic cells, while
    meiosis, occurring in germ cells is essential for sexual reproduction and genetic
    diversity

    prezentacja 1
    Genes located on chromosomes are the instructions for synthesising proteins and
    controlling cellular functions, alleles, different versions of a gene and contribute to
    genetic variation within populations

    Chromosomal abnormalities can lead to genetic disorders, conditions like Down


    syndrome caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, underscore the delicate
    balance required for proper development

    Chromosomal mutations play a pivotal role in the process of evolution. Changes in


    chromosome structure or number contribute to genetic diversity, enabling
    adaptability in new environments.

    Modern techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridisation and comparative


    genomic hybridisation allow scientists to visualise and analyse chromosomes at a
    molecular level. genome sequencing provides a comprehensive understanding of
    an individuals entire dna.

    Emerging technologies including crispy gene editing, hold promise for


    manipulating chromosomes for therapeutic purposes. The integration of
    chromosomal information into personalised medicine is poised to revolutionise
    healthcare.

    Chromosomes are the cornerstone of genetics and the key to understanding the
    intricacies of life, their structure, function and the information.

    1.What is the primary function of chromosomes in a cell.

    Chromosomes are the carriers of genes. The DNA within chromosomes contains
    instructions that are necessary for growth, development and functioning.

    2. How many chromosomes are typically found in human somatic cells?

    prezentacja 2
    46 total chromosomes

    3. Name the cell division process that involves the separation of chromosomes
    into daughter cells

    Mitosis

    4. True or False: Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins

    True

    5. Define function of the homologous chromosomes

    They allow for the recombination and random segregation of genetic material from
    the mother and father into new cells

    6. During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes replicate?

    S phase

    DIPLOID CELL

    H
    R

    CODOMINANT
    M

    O
    S PHASE

    O
    M

    1. cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

    2.

    prezentacja 3
    3. Genetic inheritance pattern where both alleles are expressed equally.

    4.

    5.

    6. Phase where growth and reproduction happe

    prezentacja 4

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