Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res.

January 2018

REVIEW ARTICLE

A Review on Some Traditional Medicinal

Plants
Neelam Bamola1*, Poonam Verma2, Chandranandani Negi3
Centre Head, Devsthali Institute of Training & Research, Dehradun, India
1
2
President, Society for Scientific Research, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
Lecturer, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. P.G College Kotdwara, Uttarakhand, India
*
Address for Correspondence: Neelam Bamola, Centre Head, Devsthali Institute of Training & Research, Dehradun,
India
Received: 19 Oct 2017/Revised: 23 Nov 2017/Accepted: 29 Dec 2017

ABSTRACT- Medicinal plants have been used from the Vedic era. For thousands of years, they have been used to
treat and prevent many types of diseases along with epidemics. Some medicinal plants also utilized as pleasant
condiments, to flavor, to dye, for conserve food etc. Almost every portion of the plant has own medicinal properties.
Different types of secondary metabolites found in the medicinal plants which play an important role in many kinds of
diseases and also used for manufacturing medicines. A large number of the plants are also reported to possess many
other activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, anti-hemolytic properties
etc, also used widely by the tribal people all over the world. The traditional medicinal uses of 21 plants species
belonging to different families were reported in this review article.
Key-words- Anti-oxidant activity, Antimicrobial compounds, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine
INTRODUCTION
The therapeutic potential of plant products can be traced people depend on traditional medicine for their primary
back to over five thousand years ago as there is evidence healthcare needs. There are considerable economic
of its use in the treatment of diseases and for revitalizing benefits in the development of indigenous medicines and
body systems in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various
Roman civilizations [1]. In India, plants of therapeutic diseases. Due to fewer communication means, poverty,
potential are widely used by all sections of people both as ignorance and unavailability of modern health facilities,
folk medicines in different indigenous systems of most people especially rural people are still forced to
medicine like Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani and also as practice traditional medicines for their common day
processed product of pharmaceutical industry [2]. India ailments [7]. Medicinal Plant is of the great of the health of
has about 4.5 million plant species and among them individual and communities. The medicinal value of
estimated only 250,000-500,000 plant species, have been plants lies in some chemical active substances that
investigated phytochemically for biological or produce define physiological action on the human body
pharmacological activity [3]. The bioactive constituents or [8]
. Plants are considered as a rich source of bioactive
plants extracts may be uses for treatment of various chemicals and they may be an alternative source of
diseases and these would be used as a new formulation mosquito control agents [9]. Secondary metabolites or
for the novel drugs discovery in pharmaceutical industries phytochemicals from plants have eminent
[4]
. Herbal medicines such as Brahmi and Ashwagandha pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-
help boost one’s energy level, increase nutrients, restore allergic, antibiotic, hypoglycaemic and anti-carcinogenic.
body cells, and enhance a person’s immunity [5]. These secondary metabolites protect the cells from the
Medicinal and aromatic plants can play an important role damage caused by unstable molecules known as free
in the subsistence livelihood enhancement rural people, radicals [10]. There are growing interests in using natural
especially women in an environmentally sustainable antimicrobial compounds, especially extracted from
manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these plants, for the preservation of foods. There is therefore
natural products [6]. Today according to the World Health the need to search for plants of medicinal value [11].
organization (WHO), as many as 80% of the world’s However, the knowledge as well as awareness on the
herbal remedies is held by elder males and females of
Access this article online between the age group of 41-70 years. Now, decline in
the use of the medicinal plants by the new generation may
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gradually lead to the fading away [12].
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Medicinal values
Abrus precatorius Linn.- Abrus precatorius plants
have grown to development under encouraging
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.1.7 circumstances, their deep roots are extremely difficult to

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Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. January 2018
remove, and the plant's aggressive growth, hard-shelled can be eaten cooked, usually in curries, salads, and stews.
seeds, and ability to sucker, renders an infestation Green papaya is used in Southeast Asian cooking, both
extremely difficult to eradicate and makes it very difficult raw and cooked [17]. Papaya skin, pulp, and seeds enclose
to prevent re-infestation. Herbicides such as glyphosate a multiplicity of phytochemicals, including polyphenols
are effective but need skilled application if they are not to and carotenoids,[18] as well as benzyl isothiocyanates and
do more harm than good.[13] benzyl glucosinates, with skin and pulp levels that
increase during ripening.[19] Papaya seeds also contain the
Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa.- The bael tree cyanogenic substance prunasin.
contains furocoumarins, including xanthotoxol and the
methyl ester of alloimperatorin, as well as flavonoids, Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.- Cuscuta reflexa is known to
rutin and marmesin; a number of essential oils; and, contain a number of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory
among its alkaloids, a-fargarine(allocryptopine), compounds. A new flavanone- reflexin, tetrahydrofuran
O-isopentenylhalfordinol, O-methylhafordinol [14]. Bael derivatives and a coumarin have been cut off from the
fruit is one of the blessings from environment for the Cuscuta reflexa plant stems. Methanol extracts of the
mankind, which is filled with enormous medicinal stem reportedly demonstrated anti-steroidogenic and
advantages. All parts of this tree from stem, bark, root; antibacterial activities. In Ayurvedic medicine, the
leaves and fruit at all stages of maturity have medicinal Cuscuta reflexa plant is said to be useful in diseases of
value and have been used as medicine for a long time. eye and heart [20]. The stems in decoction are useful in
Tree of the Bael is a blessed tree and it has numerous constipation, flatulence, liver complaints and bilious
therapeutic properties, some of their realistic applications affection.
are still under evaluation. Apart from the activity listed
above there is little more important activity. The leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.- It may have some
Aegle marmelos are useful in the treatment of jaundice potential in cosmetic skin care for example, an extract
and leucorroea, conjunctivitis and defenses. Fruits give from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been
energy and nutrition. It is used in the carminative and shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing
astringent and also a good remedy for snake bite [15]. ultraviolet radiation.[21]

Allium sativum Linn.- Fresh or crushed garlic yields Mentha spicta Linn.- Mentha spicta is used for its
the sulfur-containing compounds alliin, ajoene, diallyl aromatic oil, referred to as oil of spearmint. The mainly
polysulfides, vinyldithiins, S-allylcysteine, and enzymes, abundant compound in spearmint oil is R-(–)-carvone,
saponins, flavonoids, and Maillard reaction products, which gives spearmint its distinctive smell. Spearmint oil
which are not sulfur-containing compounds. also contains significant amounts of limonene,
dihydrocarvone, and 1,8-cineol. [22] Unlike oil of
Aloe barbadensis Mill.- Aloe vera is used on facial peppermint, oil of spearmint contains minimal amounts of
tissues where it is promoted as a moisturiser and anti- menthol and menthone. It is used as a flavour for tooth
irritant to reduce chafing of the nose. Cosmetic paste and confectionery, and is occasionally additional to
companies commonly add sap or other derivatives from shampoos and soaps. Used as a fumigant, spearmint
Aloe vera to products such as makeup, tissues, essential oil is an effective insecticide against adult
moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, moths.[23]
or shampoos.[16]
Nerium oleander Linn.- Nerium oleander has
Butea monosperma Linn.- Butea monosperma is used historically been measured a poisonous plant since some
for timber, resin, fodder, medicine, and dye. The wood is of its compounds may exhibit toxicity, especially in
dirty white and soft and, being durable under water, is animals, when consumed in large amounts. Among these
used for well-curbs and water scoops. Spoons/Ladles compounds are oleandrin and oleandrigenin, known as
made of this tree are use in a variety of Hindu rituals to cardiac glycosides, which are known to have a narrow
pour Ghee into the fire. Good charcoal can be obtained therapeutic index and can be toxic when ingested.
from it.
Acacia mormelos Linn.- Lemons are a rich source of
Calotropis procera R. Br.- The milky sap contains a vitamin C, providing 64% of the Daily Value in a 100 g
complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal serving. Other essential nutrients, however, have
heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones". These insignificant content. Lemons contain numerous
belong to the same chemical family as similar chemicals phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenes, and
found in foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea). The steroidal tannins [24]. As with other citrus fruits, they have
component includes an hydroxyl group in the C3β significant concentrations of citric acid (about 47 g/l in
position, a second attached to the C14 carbon, a C/D-cis juice) [25].
ring junction and an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone in the C17
position. Mimosa pudica Linn.- Mimosa pudica contains the
toxic alkaloid mimosine, which has been found to also
Carica papaya Linn.- Papaya ripe fruit is regularly have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. Mimosa
eaten raw, without skin or seeds. The unripe green fruit

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Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. January 2018
pudica’s seeds produce mucilage made up of D- This is still a use today, but now regularly in the form of
glucuronic acid and D-xylose [26]. an extract which may have advantages of lower
transport and storage cost, better stability and better
Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels.- Unani and Chinese utilization. It is also used to enhance coloring in
medicine for digestive ailments. Vinegar and wine are crustaceans [33].
also prepared from the fruit. It has a high source of
vitamin A as well as vitamin C [27]. Withania somnifera Linn. Dunal- The plant's long,
brown, tuberous roots have been used for centuries in
Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.- This herb used in traditional Indian medicine [34,5]. In Yemen, where it is
traditional medicine of East Asia for its purported known as ubab [36] the dried leaves are ground to a
psychotropic and nootropic properties.[28] Although such powder from which a paste is made and used for burns
claims are not medically verified. Chemical compounds and wounds 37]. Leaves of the Withania somnifera plants
isolated from E. alsinoides include scopoletin, used in Joint pain [38] and Reduce swelling [38].
umbelliferone, scopolin and 2-methyl-1,2,3,
4-butanetetrol [29]. Bacopa monnieri (L.)- Bacopa has been used in the
customary Ayurvedic treatment for asthma and epilepsy
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex. DC.- Ethanolic extract [39]
. It is also used in Ayurveda for ulcers, tumors, ascites,
of the Dalbergia sissoo fruits exhibited molluscicide enlarged spleen, inflammations, leprosy, anemia, and
effect against the freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi gastroenteritis [40]. The plant is useful as a treatment for
eggs [30]. many health complications. Some of the uses of the plant
include reducing anxiety and stress, neutralizing allergic
Curcuma longa Linn- In Ayurvedic and Siddha reactions, treating indigestion, and boosting a person’s
practices, turmeric has been used as an attempted memory [41].
treatment for a variety of internal disorders, such as
indigestion, throat infections, common colds, or liver Ficus racemosa Wau. Cat.- Ficus racemosa Linn.
ailments, as well as topically, to cleanse wounds or treat (FR) (Family Moraceae) is one of the plants mentioned in
skin sores [31]. the ancient scriptures of Ayurveda. Different parts of
F. racemosa (fruits, bark, as well as root) are used in folk
Tagetus erecta Linn.- The dried flower petals, ground medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases
to a powder is used in poultry feed to ensure a good including diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies have
colouration of egg yolks and broiler skin, especially in the demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and
lack of well-pigmented yellow maize in the feed [32]. hypoglycemic effects of the F. racemosa [42].

A: Abrus precatorius Linn. B: Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa. C: Allium sativum Linn.

D: Aloe barbadensis Mill. E: Butea monosperma Linn. F: Calotropis procera R. Br.

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Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. January 2018

G: Carica papaya Linn. H: Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. I: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.

J: Mentha spicta Linn. K: Nerium oleander Linn. L: Acacia mormelos Linn.

M: Mimosa pudica Linn. N: Syzygium cumini (Linn.) O: Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.

Skeels.

P: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex. DC. Q: Curcuma longa Linn. R: Tagetus erecta Linn.

S: Withania somnifera Linn. Dunal T: Bacopa monnieri U: Ficus racemosa Wau. Cat.
Linn.

Fig. 1: Photographs of the traditionally used some Medicinal plants

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Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. January 2018
Table 1: Traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of human and animals ailments
Common
S.No. Botanical Name Family Used Part Habit Plant Properties
Name

1. Abrus precatorius Ghunchu Fabaceae Leaves Shrub Leaf juice is mixed with
Linn. coconut oil and applied over
the painful swellings of the
body
2. Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae Fruit Tree Half of a ripe fruit is eaten
(Linn.) Correa. twice a day for 3-4 days to cure
constipation
3. Allium sativum Lahshun Amaryllidaceae Bulb Herb 3-4 cloves are taken raw twice
Linn. a day for a week to get relief
from stomach pain and gastric
4. Aloe barbadensis Gwarpatha Liliaceae Leaf pulp Herb About 2 teaspoons of juice is
Mill. taken thrice a day for 3-4 days
to cure fever
5. Butea Palas Fabaceae Root Tree Root are used in tuberculosis
monosperma
6. Linn.
Calotropis Madar Asclepiadaceae Latex of Shrub The latex is useful in the
procera R. Br. whole treatment of the ringworm and
plant skin disease
7. Carica papaya Papita Cariaceae Latex of Tree Latex fruit is used in ringworm
Linn. fruit and eczema
8. Cuscuta reflexa Amarbel Convolvulaceae Whole Parasitic Juice of the plant mixed with
Roxb. plant Herb juice of Saccharum
officinarum is given in doses of
about 3-4 teaspoons twice a
day is given for 10-12 days to
treat jaundice
9. Hibiscus rosa- Gudhal Malvaceae Root Shrub Juice of the root about 3
sinensis Linn. teaspoons is given 3 times a
day for 3-4 days in case of
cough and cold
10. Mentha spicta Pudina Lamiaceae Leaf Herb 2-3 teaspoons of leaf juice is
Linn. given thrice a day for 3-4 days
to treat bloody dysentery
11. Nerium oleander Kaner Apocynaceae Latex of Tree Latex applied on muscles pain
Linn. plant of limbs
12. Acacia mormelos Babool mimosaceae Flower Tree Flower powder mixed with
Linn. water is given orally to animal
twice a day to cure jaundice
13. Mimosa pudica Lajwanti Mimosaceae Roots and Hurb Roots and leaves are crushed
Linn. leaves and filtered; one teaspoon of
filtrate is taken with water
twice a day to cure loose
motion
14. Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae Bark Tree Crush its bark with the bark of
(Linn.) Skeels. bamura (Acacia catechu) in
equal amount and filter it. Take
5 ml. of filtrate with 5 ml.
water twice a day in gripping
and indigestion
15. Evolvulus Shankhahuli Convolvulaceae Leaves Herb 20-25 leaves are crushed and
alsinoides Linn. mixed in 200 ml. whey and
taken orally twice a day for 2
days in gripping

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Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. January 2018
16. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae Leaves Tree Leaf paste mixed with water is
Roxb. Ex. DC. given to animal twice a day to
cure blisters and leg sore
17. Curcuma longa Haldi Zingiberaceae Rhizome Herb Rhizome powder with rock salt
Linn and pure ghee is to cure the
swelling of nipple for animals
18. Tagetus erecta Genda Asteraceae Flower Herb Powder mixed with water is
Linn. given to animals to cure
hydrophobia
19. Withania Ashwagandh Solanaceae Root Herb Given to animals to cure retard
somnifera Linn. a placenta
Dunal
20. Bacopa monnieri Brahmi Plantaginaceae Leaves Herb Boosting memory
Linn.
21. Ficus racemosa Gular Moraceae Root Tree The sap of root is given in
Wau. Cat. diabetes

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How to cite this article:

Bamola N, Verma P, Negi C. A Review on Some Traditional Medicinal Plants. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(1):
1550-1556. DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.1.7
Source of Financial Support: Nil, Conflict of interest: Nil
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