The document discusses genetics concepts including multiple allelism, inheritance of coat color in mice, chromosomal mutations in humans, blood groups, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses in plants. It provides examples and questions related to these genetics topics.
The document discusses genetics concepts including multiple allelism, inheritance of coat color in mice, chromosomal mutations in humans, blood groups, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses in plants. It provides examples and questions related to these genetics topics.
The document discusses genetics concepts including multiple allelism, inheritance of coat color in mice, chromosomal mutations in humans, blood groups, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses in plants. It provides examples and questions related to these genetics topics.
The document discusses genetics concepts including multiple allelism, inheritance of coat color in mice, chromosomal mutations in humans, blood groups, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses in plants. It provides examples and questions related to these genetics topics.
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TOPIC: GENETICS MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) What is multiple allelism? (1 mark)
Condition in which a heritable characteristic is determined by more than two variant forms of the same/single gene. (b) A pure breeding black male mouse was mated with a pure breeding brown female mouse. All the offspring had black coat colour. (i) Explain the appearance of black coat colour in the offspring. (1 mark) Gene for black coat colour (completely) dominant over gene for brown coat colur/brown colour gene recessive over gene for black colour. (ii) If the black parental mouse was mated with a mouse that is heterozygous for coat colour, work out the genotypic ratio of offspring. Show your working. (4 marks)
(iii) State two disorders in human beings that are as a result of chromosomal mutation. (2mks) - Down’s syndrome Klinefelter’s syndrome Turner’s syndrome 2 (a) I - XNY; (1mk) 2 XNXn; (1mk) (b) XNY; X XNXn ; Parental genotype
XN Y XN Xn ; Gametes
XNYN XNYn XNY XnY ; Offspring’s (4mks)
(c) A – Non-disjunction; B – Translocation; 3mks max (2mks) C – Inversion;
3. a) No; b) Parents Phenotypes Blood group A Blood group B Genotypes AO x BO
Gametes A O
B AB BO
O AO OO
c) Does not have antigens A and B; but has got for antibody a and b; c) AB 4. ♀ ♂ a) XH Xh ;, Xh Y ; Parental phenotype carrier woman X Haemophilac male
Parental genotype XH X h X X Y √ (X sign must be indicated)
b)Parental gametes X X X Y ;√ H h H
;√
XH X h XHY Xh Xh Xh Y ; Jane N/B The crest sign (x) must be indicated at the parental phenotype and genotype. Ref x ii) Xh Xh ; 1 mk d) A condition / phenomenon where an organism has an extra set of chromosome; 1 mk
♂ 5. a) RR WW; (1mk) R W ♀ RR WW
♂ ♂ RR WW R RR RW b)
RW RW RW RW W RW WW
F2 generation RW x RW Reject ♂ R W RR RW RW WW ♀
c) i) Phenotypic ratio Red: Pink: White 1 2 1 R R RW ii) Genotypic ratio of F2 plants 1RR: 2RW: 1WW d) (ABO) blood grouping/ blood groups W RW W
6. a) 93 tall: 94 dwarf 1mk)
1tall:1dwarf; b) Parental phenotypes tall plants x dwarf plants Genotypes Tt x tt ;
Gametes ; T t t t
Fusion;
F1 –Generation Tt Tt tt tt ;
c) Is a cross between homozygous recessive organisms with an organism showing the dominant phenotype /characteristics (1mk) d) Process by which nature selects organisms best suited to environment allows them to reproduce and pass Suitable traits to their offspring; and reject the poorly suited hence they die before sexual maturity; (they become extinct) (2mks)
