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    Lesson 5 OnGenes in Chromosomes

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    floridohannah
    This document discusses chromosomes, genes, genotypes, phenotypes, and Mendelian patterns of inheritance. It defines chromosomes as containing genes which are made of DNA and always come in pairs. It differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous genes, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains Mendel's discovery that recessive traits do not appear when a dominant trait is present. Examples are provided to demonstrate genetic crosses and determining offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

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    Lesson 5 OnGenes in Chromosomes

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    floridohannah
    6 views32 pages
    This document discusses chromosomes, genes, genotypes, phenotypes, and Mendelian patterns of inheritance. It defines chromosomes as containing genes which are made of DNA and always come in pairs. It differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous genes, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains Mendel's discovery that recessive traits do not appear when a dominant trait is present. Examples are provided to demonstrate genetic crosses and determining offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

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    Lesson-5-OnGenes-in-chromosomes (5)

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    This document discusses chromosomes, genes, genotypes, phenotypes, and Mendelian patterns of inheritance. It defines chromosomes as containing genes which are made of DNA and always come in pairs. It differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous genes, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains Mendel's discovery that recessive traits do not appear when a dominant trait is present. Examples are provided to demonstrate genetic crosses and determining offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views32 pages

    Lesson 5 OnGenes in Chromosomes

    Uploaded by

    floridohannah
    This document discusses chromosomes, genes, genotypes, phenotypes, and Mendelian patterns of inheritance. It defines chromosomes as containing genes which are made of DNA and always come in pairs. It differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous genes, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains Mendel's discovery that recessive traits do not appear when a dominant trait is present. Examples are provided to demonstrate genetic crosses and determining offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    CELL SPECIFIC FUNCTION

    ORGANELLES
    OBJECTIVES:
    1. Describe the chromosomes;
    2. Differentiate the following:
    a. homozygous – heterozygous
    b. genotype – phenotype
    c. dominant – recessive
    3. Recall or explain the concept of
    Mendelian’s pattern of inheritance.
    Unlocking of
    Difficulties
    CELL
    Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

    Autosome CHROMOSOME Sex Chromosome

    Body
    Chromosome Locus XX XY

    GENES
    Homozygous Heterozygous

    Alleles
    Dominant Recessive
    Discussion
    CHROMOSOME
    Chromosomes contain genes
    Genes are the genetic material
    in the chromosome
    (Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA).
    Always come in pairs
    Both male and female have 23
    pairs (46)
    chromosomes in each
    cell.
    Parts of Chromosome:
    1. Euchromatin-is the light
    staining part of the
    chromosome(active).
    2. Centromere-constricted
    point where two
    chromatids are held
    together.
    3. Heterochromatin-is the
    dark staining part of the
    chromosome(inactive).
    p arm – short arm structure

    Centromere – point where


    the two chromatids held
    together.

    q arm – long arm structure


    The 23 Pairs of
    Chromosomes
    Two (2) Kinds of Chromosome:
    1. Autosomes (Somatic) 2. Sex Chromosomes
    -the body chromosomes (Gametes or sperm/egg cells)
    -XX Chromosomes for
    -Both male and female females
    -XY Chromosomes for
    have 44 body males
    chromosomes.
    Genes:
    Homozygous Genes Heterozygous Genes
    -genes that are -genes that are different
    identical. or dissimilar.

    (GG, rr, gg, WW, RR)


    (RW, Gg, Tt, Gr, rg)
    Alleles:
    - Are alternative forms of traits.

    Tall – short
    Round – wrinkled
    Light – dark
    Big – small
    Two (2) Kinds of Traits:
    1. Dominant Traits 2. Recessive Traits
    -traits that appear or -traits do not appear or seen
    shown in an individual. in an individual.
    -commonly represented by - commonly represented by
    uppercase or capital letter. lowercase or small letter.

    G GG
    g gg
    Phenotype are the physical expression of traits
    while, genotype are the genes itself of an individual.
    P
    G H
    E E
    N
    O
    T
    TT= Tall N
    O
    T
    Y
    P tt= short Y
    P
    E E
    In Mendelian pattern of
    inheritance, the effect of the
    recessive genes are not observed
    when dominant genes are present.
    T-Tall T T- Ernesto
    t - short Tt – Ernesta
    T T
    Genotype: 2-TT : 2-Tt
    T TT TT Phenotype: Tall

    t Tt Tt Percentage: 100% Tall


    If homozygous black guinea pig crossed with
    heterozygous black guinea pig, what would be the
    genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

    B B Genotype: 2-BB : 2-Bb

    B BB BB Phenotype: All Black

    Percentage: 100% Black


    b
    Bb Bb
    A white cat (W) crossed with a black cat (b).
    Determine the genotypic and phenotypic percentages
    of their offspring.

    W W Genotype: 4-Wb
    b Wb Wb Phenotype: All White

    Percentage: 100% White


    b
    Wb Wb
    It’s Your
    Turn!
    Using Punnet Square perform a crossed between plants
    with red flower (RR) and white flower (rr). Show the
    phenotypic percentage of offspring in the first generation.

    Genotype:
    Phenotype:

    Percentage:
    Determine the possible genotype of offspring if a
    white dove (WW) crossed with a dove which is
    heterozygous for that allele (Ww).

    Genotype:
    Phenotype:

    Percentage:
    Again, in Mendelian pattern of
    inheritance, the effect of the
    recessive genes are not observed
    when dominant genes are present.
    Summary
    CELL
    1. Nucleus 2.

    Autosome 3. Sex Chromosome

    4. Locus 5. 6.

    GENES
    7. 8.

    Alleles
    9. 10.
    ASSIGNMENT:
    Study the following non-Mendelian
    principles of inheritance:
    a. co-dominance
    b. incomplete dominance
    c. multiple alleles
    Get ready for our discussion tomorrow!!!

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