FINAL EXAM IN ENGLISH 203 2023 2024 Term 2

Meycauayan Colllege
Graduate School Department

Final Exam in English 203
Second Term, SY 2023-2024
Directions. Answer/Discusss comprehensively the questions/statements by paragraph.

1. Enumerate and explain the types of Illocutionary Acts . Identify the proponent and the
rationale for the Acts.
Illocutionary acts are part of Speech Act Theory proposed by philosophers John L.
Austin and further developed by John Searle. Simply defined, it is an act performed by
(in) saying something to someone. These acts represent the intentions behind the
utterances made in every communication. The five main types of illocutionary acts are
Assertives, Directives, Commissives, Expressives and Declaratives. I’ll briefly define
each of these Illocutionary acts below:
1. Assertives/Representatives: When talking about Assertives, these acts commit the

speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition, examples include stating, asserting,
concluding, and claiming. The rationale on this is to represent a state of affairs.
2. Directives: On the other hand, Directive acts are attempts by the speaker to get the
hearer to do something suh as giving commands, requests, suggestions, and advice. Here,
the rationale is to direct the behavior of the hearer.
3. Commissives: Commissive acts are acts that commit the speaker to some future
action. Such as giving promises, vows, threats, offers, and pledges.
4. Expressives: On Expressive Illocutionary Acts, the speaker's psychological state about

a situation is articulated. This is given further emphasis when thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, and condoling and expresses the speaker’s feelings or emotional reactions.
5. Declaratives: These bring about a change in the external situation via their utterance.
Examples include baptizing, resigning, firing, marrying, and declaring. The rationale here
is that the utterance itself has the power to change reality.
The proponent of this classification is John Searle, who further developed Austin's work.
The main objective for Illocutionary acts is rooted in understanding language as action—
when people speak, they don't just convey information, but they also perform certain
kinds of action with their words.
2. Explain the syntactic categories, lexical functions and functional categories. Draw an
illustration of a Tree sentence diagramming (NP-VP,etc.) with this sentence, CATCH UP
Friday has extremely affected the school calendar of the Philippine education system.
Syntactic categories, also known as parts of speech, are the different types of words that
can be used in a language. They are classified based on their syntactic properties and the
roles they play within a sentence. The main syntactic categories include:
Noun (N): A word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: dog, cat,
table, happiness.
Verb (V): A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. Examples: run,
eat, sleep, is.
Adjective (Adj): A word that describes or modifies a noun. Examples: big, red, beautiful.
Adverb (Adv): A word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb,
typically providing information about manner, place, time, degree, etc. Examples:
quickly, there, now, very.
Preposition (P): A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and
other elements in the sentence. Examples: in, on, at, under.
Conjunction (Conj): A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses. Examples: and, but,
or.
Pronoun (Pro): A word that takes the place of a noun. Examples: he, she, it, they.
Determiner (Det): A word that introduces a noun and identifies it in terms of definiteness,
quantity, or possession. Examples: the, a/an, this, my.
Interjection (Intj): A word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. Examples:
wow, oh, ouch.
Lexical Functions:
Lexical functions refer to the specific roles that words play within a sentence, primarily
related to their meanings and semantic roles. These functions include:
Subject: The noun phrase that performs the action or about which something is said in a
sentence. It typically answers the question "who" or "what" is performing the action.
Example: "The cat" in "The cat chased the mouse."
Object: The noun phrase that receives the action in a sentence. It can be either direct or
indirect. Example: "The mouse" in "The cat chased the mouse."
Modifier: Words that provide additional information about another word or phrase in the
sentence. This can include adjectives, adverbs, or phrases. Example: "Quickly" in "The
cat quickly chased the mouse."
Functional Categories:
Functional categories are elements that serve grammatical functions rather than
conveying specific content or meaning. They include determiners, prepositions,
conjunctions, and auxiliary verbs. Functional categories help to structure the sentence
and convey relationships between words and phrases.
Sentence Diagram:
CATCH UP
_________|__________
| has
| |
Friday affected
| _______|_______
| | calendar
| | ______|______
| | | of
| | | |
NP (Pro) NP (N) VP NP (Det) NP (N)
| | ___|____ | |
CATCH Friday | Adv the Philippine
| | |
extremely affected education system
Explanations of the Diagram:

The main clause is "CATCH UP has extremely affected the school calendar of the Philippine
education system."
"CATCH UP" and "Friday" are noun phrases (NP) serving as the subject and the object
respectively.
"has" is the auxiliary verb (V) indicating tense.
"extremely" is an adverb (Adv) modifying the verb "affected."
"the" is a determiner (Det) specifying "school calendar."
"school calendar" and "Philippine education system" are noun phrases (NP) serving as
objects.
"of" is a preposition (P) indicating possession or relationship.
Submitted by:
Kim Russelle R. Bañez
Submitted to:
ESPERANZA SAMONTE-NUNEZ, PhD
Faculty

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Meycauayan Colllege

Graduate School Department

Directions. Answer/Discusss comprehensively the questions/statements by paragraph.

1. Assertives/Representatives: When talking about Assertives, these acts commit the

4. Expressives: On Expressive Illocutionary Acts, the speaker's psychological state about

Explanations of the Diagram:

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