Saurauia Oroquensis, a New Species of Actinidiaceae from Colombia

Author(s): Djaja Djendoel Soejarto

Source: Brittonia, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1989), pp. 28-31
Published by: Springer on behalf of the New York Botanical Garden Press
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2807584
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Brittonia, 41(1), 1989, pp. 28-31.
? 1989, by the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126

SAURAUIA OROQUENSIS, A NEW SPECIES OF ACTINIDIACEAE

FROM COLOMBIA

DJAJA DJENDOEL SOEJARTO

Soejarto, Djaja Djendoel (Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural His-

tory, Roosevelt Rd. at Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 and PCRPS, University
of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA). Saurauia
oroquensis, a new species of Actinidiaceae from Colombia. Brittonia 41: 28-31.
1989.-Saurauia oroquensis, a new species from Colombia remarkably allied to
S. bullosa Wawra, is described. It is distinguished from the latter by the absence
of stellate trichomes on the lower leaf surface, by the homotrichous nature of sepal
pubescence (limited only to the exposed parts in bud, with the imbricated parts
and inner surface completely glabrous), and by the much lower number of stamens
per flower. This new taxon is endemic to the Colombia-Venezuelan border region
(Tachira-Norte de Santander).

Among the specimens of Saurauia in deposit at the Botany Department of the

Field Museum of Natural History and those received from the United States
National Herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution on loan or as a gift for de-
termination, were some that could not be identified with any of the presently
known American species of the genus (Hunter, 1966; Keller & Breedlove, 1981;
Soejarto, 1980, 1982, 1985). Careful studies revealed that these specimens rep-
resent a new taxon, which is remarkably allied to Saurauia bullosa Wawra.

Saurauia oroquensis Soejarto, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)

Arbor ad 4 m alta, ramuli et petioli trichomatibus aureo-ferrugineis dense obsitis. Folia ovata vel
obovata vel rhomboidea, coriacea, apice acuminata, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, margine subtiliter
vel grosse setaceo-serrulata, supra scabra nervatione valde reticulata, infra dense molliter lanata,
epidermide lacunosa. Thyrsi omnino dense lanati. Flores 15-17 mm diam., sepalis parce pubescen-
tibus, partibus expositis in alabastro trichomatibus dense obsitis imbricatis et intus omnino glabris,
staminibus 20-3 1, ovario glabro. Ad Saurauia bullosa Wawra valde affinis.

Trees to 4 m tall, branchlets stout, terete, distinctly hollowed; branchlets, young

leaves, petioles, inflorescences, and other younger parts covered with densely
hirsute to woolly pubescence of golden yellow- to rusty-brown color, silky on the
younger parts; trichomes along the branchlets flexuous, wavy to curly, abruptly
thickened and somewhat flattened at the very base, to 4 mm long, older parts
becoming somewhat glabrescent. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, exstipulate,
penninerved, loosely distributed from tip to a distance behind tip of branchlets;
petiole terete, (1) 3-5 cm long, to 4 mm in diam., canaliculate adaxially, densely
pubescent with the same trichome types as that along branchlets; blades coria-
ceous, in dry state sooty-brown above, light to olive-brown beneath, variable in
shape, from ovate to obovate to elliptic-obovate to rhombate, sometimes narrowly
so, (5) 12-24 cm long, (2) 5-10 cm wide, broadly cuneate to obtuse to rounded,
sometimes oblique at base, shortly acuminate to long acuminate-caudate at apex,
with acumen to 3 cm long, finely setaceo-serrulate along margins, but sometimes
coarsely and irregularly crenate-serrate on the distal half, with teeth 0.5 cm long,
to 2 cm apart; secondary veins (13) 18-24 pairs, prominent, distance between
them (0.3) 0.5-1 cm in the middle range, forming mostly an obtuse-angled V,
with straight to slightly arching arms towards and dichotomizing upon reaching
the margins, tertiary veins elevated, more prominent than the lesser reticulation,
arising more or less perpendicularly from and interconnecting the secondary veins;
upper surface scabrous, distinctly reticulate between major veins, sparingly setose-

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 1989] SOEJARTO: SAURAUIA OROQUENSIS 29

S mm,

FIG. 1. S. oroquensis. A. Habit. B. Detail of lower leaf surface, showing homotrichous pubescence
along the secondary and tertiary veins (reticulation). C. Detail of upper leaf surface showing trichomes
on the bullate epidermal surface. D. FLower. E-G. Sepals, outer surface; outer (E), imbricated (F),
and inner (G) sepals. H. Ovary, staminate flower. I. Ovary, pistillate flower. (A-G from the holotype
I from H. Garcia-Barriga & R. Jaramillo Mejia 20583.)

pubescent between minor veins, densely so along major veins, lower surface soft
to touch, densely wooly-pubescent throughout, but especially so along major veins,
with the lightly pitted epidermis obscured by the pubescence, trichomes of un-
branched multicellular flexuous loriform type, to 4 mm long. Inflorescence thyr-
siform, axillary, arising behind tip of branchlets, straight and few-branched, 5-
30-flowered, 5-17 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, densely wooly-pubescent throughout,
with trichomes of similar type to those along branchlets; peduncle stout, (1) 4-9
cm long; bracts linear-subulate to -lanceolate, to 12 mm long, densely pubescent.
Flowers 15-17 mm broad when open, buds globose, to 6 mm across; pedicels
short, to 4 mm long, stout; bracteoles subulate, to 5 mm long, both pedicels and
bracteoles densely pubescent; sepals 5, outer two (Fig. 1E) ovate with acuminate

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 30 BRITTONIA [VOL. 41

apex, to 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, densely hirsute pubescent outside, inner three

(Fig. iF, G) oblong-ovate to -elliptic to -obovate, with obtuse to rounded apex,
to 6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, densely hirsute pubescent on the exposed parts in
bud, glabrous on the imbricated parts, with trichomes long-flexuous and often
wavy to curly, sometimes branched, to 2.5 mm long, all glabrous inside and entire
along margins most of their length, subapically ciliate; petals 5, white, elliptic-
oblong to -obovate with rounded and often erose apex, 7-8 mm long, 4.5-6 mm
wide, connate at the very base and adnate to and falling as a unit with the stamens;
stamens 20-31, filaments thickish, 3-4 mm long, anthers yellow when fresh, linear-
oblong to triangular, 2.5-3 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide; ovary subglobose, glabrous,
2.5 mm across, 5-loculed, 5-sulculate, styles 5, obsolete in functionally staminate
individuals, 4 mm long in functionally pistillate individuals, stigmatic surface
somewhat disc-shaped. Mature fruits not known.
TYPE: COLOMBIA. DEPARTAMENTO NORTE DE SANTANDER: on road between
Bucaramanga and Pamplona, between km markers 34 and 35, elev. 2600 m,
growing in forest near road; small tree, to 3 m in height, young herbage tinged
purple; calyx reddish-ferrugineous; corolla white; stamens yellow; 7 Feb 1974 (fl),
A. S. Barclay & A. Fernandez-Perez 3734 (HOLOTYPE: US 2831863).

Additional specimens examined: VENEZUELA. ESTADO TAcHIRA: headwaters of Rio Quinimari,

steep and rocky slopes of El Blanco, below Cerro Las Copas (below Paramo del Judio), 20 km S of
San Vicente de la Revancha, 35 km S of Alquitrana, SE of Santa Ana, alt. 2500-2700 m, 15 Jan 1968
(fl), J. A. Steyermark et al. 100952 (F). COLOMBIA. DEPARTAMENTO NORTE DE SANTANDER: dividing
line between Departamentos Santander del Norte and Cesar, 20 km S of Abrego, Las Jurisdicciones
(Cerro de Oroque), alt. 3700-3960 m, 19-21 May 1969 (fl), H. Garcia-Barriga & R. Jaramillo Mejia
19725 (US); Abrego, towards Jurisdicciones, La Maria, alt. 1500-2200 m, 21 Jul 1974 (fl), H. Garcla-
Barriga & R. Jaramillo Mejfa 20583 (US); Cordillera Oriental, between Departamentos Norte de
Santander and Cesar, Jurisdicciones, Cerro Oroque, alt. 3700-3900 m, 22-27 Jul 1974 (fl), H. Garc(a-
Barriga & R. Jaramillo Mejfa 20742 (US).

This new species is striking in its similarity of morphological features to Sau-

rauia bullosa Wawra, to which it is clearly allied. They share in common the
dense, woolly pubescence throughout, the coriaceous leaves, with rugose to ru-
gulose upper surface and pitted lower surface, the more or less stout inflorescences
with normally less than 40 flowers per inflorescence, the large globose buds, and
the large flower size. Saurauia oroquensis differs in the absence of stellate trichome
type, especially on the lower leaf epidermis, in the homotrichous nature of sepal
pubescence, which is limited only to the exposed parts in bud, whereas the im-
bricated parts and inner surface completely glabrous, and in the lower number of
stamens (around 30 per flower compared to more than 100 in S. bullosa). While
S. bullosa is widely distributed from the Colombia-Venezuelan border south to
northern Peru, this new taxon is endemic to the Colombia-Venezuelan border
(Tachira-Norte de Santander region), especially in the Oroque mountains. The
altitudinal distributions of the two species are comparable, namely limited to
elevations above 2000 m. In the scheme of classification proposed by Soejarto
(1980), this new species belongs to the series Lanatae, together with S. bullosa,
S. biserrata (Ruiz & Pavon) Sprengel, and S. ursina Triana & Planchon.
In the field, the new species may be recognized by the often reddish to purplish
or brownish-red pubescence on the lower leaf surface, young shoots, and the sepals.

Key to species of Saurauia series Lanatae

1 Sepals in bud densely pubescent on the exposed parts and completely glabrous on the im-
ibricated parts and on the inner side; Venezuela and Colombia ......................... S. oroquensis Soejarto
1 Sepals in bud densely pubescent on the exposed parts, finely stellate-pubescent on the im-
bricated parts and on the inner side.

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 1989] SOEJARTO: SAURAUIA OROQUENSIS 31

2 Inflorescences rather loose and spreading, pedicels up to 18 mm long; flowers (20) 35-50
mm broad; stamens 100-200 per flower; Colombia to Peru .. . S. bullosa Wawra
2 Inflorescences usually compact, with densely aggregated and shortly pedicelled flowers;
flowers less than 25 mm broad; stamens less than 90 per flower.
3 Trichomes along branchlets and petioles mostly straight and silky; flowers 15-25 mm
broad; stamens 45-90; Peru .................... .... . S. biserrata (Ruiz & Pav6n) Sprengel
3 Trichomes along branchlets and petioles normally coarse, curved, and often prickly;
flowers 20-25 mm broad; stamens (25) 30-40 (50) per flower; Colombia .............................
............................................................................................................................................................................. .S. ursina Triana & Planchon

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank the Curator of the U.S. National Herbarium, Smith-
sonian Institution, who kindly made available on loan the herbarium specimens
for this study. Thanks are also due to Rolf Singer, Field Museum of Natural
History, who kindly read the Latin description, and to Marlene H. Werner, also
of the Field Museum of Natural History, who kindly prepared the illustration.

Literature Cited

Hunter, G. E. 1966. Revision of Mexican and Central American Saurauia (Dilleniaceae). Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 47-89.
Keller, B. T. & D. E. Breedlove. 1981. Two new species of Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Mexico.
Syst. Bot. 6: 65-73.
Soejarto, D. D. 1980. Revision of South American Saurauia (Actinidiaceae). Fieldiana, Bot. n.s. 2:
1-141.
. 1982. Actinidiaceae. Pages 1-47. In: G. Harling & B. Sparre, editors. Flora of Ecuador, No.
17. Publishing House, Swedish Research Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
. 1985. Saurauia molinae, a new species of Actinidiaceae from Central America. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 72: 878-880.

1988 Jesse M. Greenman Award

The 1988 Jesse M. Greenman Award has been won by John H. Wiersema for his
publication "A Monograph of Nymphaea Subgenus Hydrocallis (Nymphaeaceae)," which
appeared in Systematic Botany Monographs, volume 16. This monograph is derived
from a Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Alabama, under the direction
of Robert R. Haynes. Dr. Wiersema based his classification on numerical taxonomy,
scanning electron microscopy of seeds and pollen, chromosome numbers, floral biology,
artificial hybridization, flavonoid chemistry, and general morphology. Fourteen species
are recognized in the subgenus, which is restricted to the American tropics and subtropics,
and one new subspecies is proposed.
This Award is named for Jesse More Greenman (1867-1951), who was Curator of the
Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium from 1919 until 1943. A cash prize of $250 is
presented each year by the Garden, recognizing the paper judged best in vascular plant
or bryophyte systematics based on a doctoral dissertation that was published during the
previous year. Nominations for papers published during 1988 are now being accepted
for the 21st annual award, which will be presented in the summer of 1989. Reprints of
such papers should be sent to: Greenman Award Committee, Research Division, Mis-
souri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA. In order to be
considered for the 1989 award, reprints must be received by 1 June 1989.

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