TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE FOUR (4)

MONTHS
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT

UNIQUE ANIMAL FEED AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

IKORODU, LAGOS STATE

COMPILED BY:

MAJEOGBARE FATAI OMOLAJA

MATRIC NO: ND/14/AGT/FT/148

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARGRICULTURAL

TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF BASIC APPLIED SCIENCE, KWARA STATE

POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

NATIONAL DIPLOMA (N.D) IN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY

AUGUST/NOVEMBER 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.0 Introduction of SIWES

1.1 Aims and objectives of the SIWES

2.0 Introduction to the feed mill industry

2.1 Organization chart

2.2 History of the industry

3.0 Materials selection

3.1 Type of livestock feeds produce in the industry

3.2 Types of machine used in the industry

3.3 Diagram of the machine used in the industry

4.0 Broiler starter

4.1 Method and analysis involve in broiler starter

4.2 Milling/crushing of material

5.0 Chick mash

5.1 Grower mash

5.2 Layer mash

5.3 Broiler finisher

6.0 Rabbit feed

6.1 Pig feed

6.2 Fish feed

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6.3 Dog feed

6.4 Goat feed

7.0 Problem

8.0 Recommendation

8.1 Conclusion

1.0 INTRODUTION OF SIWES

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 SIWES is an acronym which stands for STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK
EXPERIENCE SCHEME. It was established in 1973 by the federal government of
Nigeria.

It is specially designed for all students in universities, Polytechnics,

Monotechnics and colleges of education, who offered science and applied science
in various institutions in Nigeria. It is important program organized by the federal
government of Nigeria together with the industrial training fund (ITF) in order to
impact and promote understanding for both the theory and practical except of
students failed of study based on their experience gained in their various
institutions.

It allows students to acquire deep knowledge about what has been thought in
school and others to learn outside especially in an industry or organization. The
scheme also avoids the student the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing
themselves to the needed experience in heading equipment and machinery.

The students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) are the accepted
skill training program which forms part of the approved minimum academics for
the Nigeria Universities. It is an effort to build the gap existing between theory and
practical of engineering, and technology, agricultural, science, medical,
management and other professional educational program in the Nigeria territory
institutions.

1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

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SIWES provide avenue for students to acquire industrial skills and experience in
their approved course of studies it also prepare students for their industrial works
situation after graduation.

 Provision of avenue for student in Nigeria universities to gain industrial skill

and experience in their course of study.
 To prepare student for the work situation they and likely to meat after
graduation.
 To expose student to work method and machinery that may not be available
in the universities.
 To make the transition from the universities to the world of world easier and
those enhanced student content for later job.
 To provide student with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge
in real world situation there by bridging the gap between universities work
and actual practice.
 To enlighten and strengthen employers involvement in entire educational
process of preparing university graduation for employers.

2.0 INTRODUCTION TO FEED MILL INDUSTRY

Feed will industry is involved in formulation of various livestock feed such as

broiler states. Broiler finisher, grower mash, layer mash, vehicle mash and many
other

The food millers used different kind of feed ingredient which includes maize,
wheat offal. Blood meal, fish meal, bone meal, palm kernel cake (PICC),
groundnut cake (GWC) method sine, salt, corn offal, indomie, biscuit etc. these are
mainly to satisfy the protein, energy, universal and vitamins requirement to the

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various animals .these were against the old practice of leaving the animal to feed
on only grain or tuber, as they might be accessible feed claims about 75% of cost
of production. it highly essential as the cost of procurement of the animal
itself .the major ingredient used as source of carbohydrate is noted to be maize
which constitutes about 60% of the total feed formulation .ingredient used in feed
formulation are classified into the following .

1. Energy sources
2. Protein sources of plant origin
3. Protein sources of animal origin
4. Mineral sources
5. Fiber sources or fillers.

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2.1

ENTRANCE

MANAGER ANIMAL
DIRECTOR CHEMIST

STORE

RAW MATERIAL PROCESS FACTORY

STORE WORKERS ENGINE

GENERATOR

HOUSE

TOILET

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2.2 HISTORY OF UNIQUE ANIMAL FEED
Unique has a long and success full history developing innovative bus in 1910
unique animal feed mill the business to sabo market .it is known to have sold feed
in shop 103\104. Mr. Kohinda from a feed company that produce the feed of an
animal such as chick mash, broker starter, finisher, and so on, and more also sell
the material that is used to produce the animal feed to other industry in Nigeria.
They are also engage in animal chemist which is known as veterinary house
which the treatment of an animal can be taking card off, such as dog injection e.t.c
They are also involved in selling chemicals such as insecticides, pesticide,
herbicides, and so on for farm. Unglue clatimaters their about 1000 million of
animal feed is produced globally every day, including 600 thousand of compound
feed more than 80 percent of this feed is produced by 3800 feed mills and 60
percent of the workers
Feed for poultry is the greatest tonnage followed by pig and cattle feeds
there is an increasing demand for feed for farm fish and crustiness.

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3.0 MATERIALS SELECTION ARE BASICALLY
Relent on the tubas of feeds to produce. Also materials can be noted as matter or
substance which Amy be shaped or used to produce any deserve production feed
milling
The feed millers used different tupelos of material in their product which
includes the following:
 Maize
 Wheat offal
 Blood meal
 Fish meal
 Bone meal
 Palm kennel cake
 Groundnut cake e.t.c
The material listed above are mainly to satisfy the protein, energy, mineral and
vitamins requirement of the various animal
Methodology is the collection of methods, practical, procedures and rules used in
food milling industry.
The method and produce used in feed milling was carried out in other to attain
better knowledge concerning how each material are working

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3.1 THE TYPES OF LIVESTOCK FEEDS PRODUCED IN THE
INDUSTRY
 Broiler starter
 Broiler finisher
 Grower mash
 Layer mash
 Fish feed (4mm,6mm)
 Rabbit feed (4mm, 6mm)
 Dog feed
 Pig feed
 Goat, ram and cattle feed

3.2 THE TYPES OF THE MACHINE USED IN THE INDUSTRY

 Milling machine/crushing machine
 Mixer machine
 Pelletize machine (4mm, 6mm)
 Grinding machine
 Stitching machine
 Dryer machine

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3.3 DIAGRAM OF THE MACHINE USED IN THE INDUSTRY

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4.0 ` BROILER STARTER

The term broiler is applied to chicks that have especially been breed for rapid
growth. Broiler stairs are base on hybrid crosses between Cornish white, how
Hampshire and white Plymouth Rock.

The term broiler starter involve two phase production i.e keeping of parent stock
and production of day old chicken (DOC) also broiler starter consist of different
material and it mainly used to feed day old chicken for rapid growth in not less
than one month.

Broiler starter is in the small granule size which make easy for the chick to pick up
the feed faster.
Starter feed is designed in a very precise manner for healthy growth of the chick
which carries main immunity to feed the possible stresses like diseases, climate
variation, and vaccination handling eye. A bird requires 1kg of starter feed to shift
to fisher feed rational balanced of all required nutrient is maintain in this feed so as
to act faster and maximum weight gain

4.1 METHOD AND ANALYSIS INVOLVE IN BROILER STATER

 Selection of material
 Milling & crushing of material
 Scaling, mixing and bagging

Selection of material: This involved the use of required material, the material
selection is also based on the information being given or quantity of faced required

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to produce, while each materials needed can be frequently channeled on the desired
produced
Broiler starter consist of variety of grinding material such as mill maize,
grinding soya, wheat offal, powdery bone meal, limestone and mill groundnut cake
(G.N.C). All the above materials are the requirement materials that can be used in
produces broiler starter feed.
4.2 MILLING/CRUSTING OF MATERIAL
The term milling is known as a grinding apparatus for substance or crushing of
material in other to reduce the size and shaped; crushing machine is one of most
common used element in mill industry, the ingredient poured inside it.
The fundamental rate at which material mixed is depends on the crushing material
cannot be used to produce any feed. The crushing machine consists of roller,
electric motor and iron/metal part.
Mixing, scaling and bagging of feed, the final stages in producing broiler starter it
involved the uses of weighting scale to know the quantity of materials to pour
inside mixer classical to be calculated, measurement is taken by reading the pointer
of the scale which is calibration in kilogram and it has a different size and shaped
i.e weighing scale, spring balance, 50 kilogram scale, 100 gram scale.
The material measured via scale are finally process through the use of
mixing machine, iris outfitted with typically blunt blades with which it mixes or
beat ingredient
Mixer machine is one of the power machine used in feed. Milk to produced broiler
starter and other livestock feed the mixed feed is through used of 25 kilogram sack
for easy access to carried out to make it portable for the buyer to transfer it also to
know the price of each feed.

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5.0 CHICK MASH
Chick mash is the form of small granule size which makes easy for the chicks to
pick up that feed. This type of feed is recommendation from day old till 8 th weeks,
chick mash is designed to fulfill all the requirement s for the healthy growth of the
chick which carried such unity to face possible stresses like disease, climate
variations handling etc.
5.1 GROWTH MASH
This is the most important type of feed where the precautions are taken while
formulating to ensure best part romance during the layer stage.
This is recommended from 18th weeks grower mash is a mass of mixed
ingredient i.e maize, P.K.C, G.N.C, wheat offal etc. which are reduced to a soft
pulpy state by milling.
Grower mash is mainly for specific fowl i.e guinea fowl goose, turkey,
jungle fowl and duck etc
PRODUCTION OF GROWER MASH
Mash enable fowl to developed and adequate tools were used such as milling
crushing machine, mixer machine, shovel spade, closed baa machine and weighing
scale etc
5.2 LAYER MASH

This type of feed is recommended from 19th weeks till the culling of birds extra
care is taken while formulating to ensure maximum hand house production with
minimum possible feed consumption.

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The production of layer mash involved the uses of crush material such as maize
G.N.C P.K.C and other milled ingredient, layer is mainly eat also it produces
moral income to the owner.

Layer mash can be produced by using mixing machine mean while the formation is
being attained to be use of required tools i.e.
 Milling machine
 Mixer machine
 Shovel
 Weighing scale

LAYER CONCENTRATE

Concentrated is the producer where the farmer can produce the feed on their own
at their own farms at very economical cost with best quality since the equipped
laboratory the farmer need not have to worry re-adding the quality, where it is not
possible for some farmers to achieve good results where they produce their own for
feed with the non tested raw materials available in the local market
5.3 BROILER FINISHER

This feed is advised after consuming 1kg of starter feed till the point of disposal of
the birds this feed is designed at a very rich energy level with way balance protein,
energy ratio with lowest feed conversion ratio (F.G.R)

Broiler finisher is the material and method broiler starter the material and
method are similar, broiler finisher is last stash in hierarchy of feeding livestock it
contains more protein and energy to sustain the fowl and product than from excess
rapid growth. Broiler finisher does not need grinding materials and it is not

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advisable to use for daily old chicken, also it produce moral value to the feed mill
owner.

6.0 RABBIT FEED

Rabbit pellets are feed manufactured by the uses of good ingredients i.e PKC,
GNC floor, soya, wheat offal, etc

The above materials provide a good array of vitamins and minerals for rabbit.
Rabbit can be produce via uses of electric flat die feed pellet mill, or diesel flat die
feed pellet mill and rising die feed pellet mill and rising die feed pellet mill also the
basic formulation of making rabbits pellet required a maintenance diet such as 14%
of crude fiber 2% of flat and 12% of crude protein.

The production of rabbit pellet feed involved grinding material ingredients

which are in powdery form to be able to mixed via floor mixing or by use of mixer
machine after the materials has mixed together it will now be process by used of
electric flat die feed pellet machine. However, tend to be lower in fiber and higher
in protein than grass based pellet feeding a mix also allow your rabbit to select
only the testiest parts to eat, if your rabbit does not eat all the ingredient it will not
receive a balanced diet and may miss out on impotent nutrients for these reasons,
pellets are generally the most appropriate types of feed for your rabbit, and most
rabbits find them quite test despite their boring appearance to us human. Good
quality highly fiber pellets can be more expensive that cheap mix but the good
news is you don’t need a lot of them

6.1 PIG FEED

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Grinding is the most common method of feed processing for the swine producer
and nearly all feed ingredient will be subjected to same type of particle size
reduction. Particle size reduces increases the surface area of the grain, allowing for
greener interaction with digestive enzymes, improving feed efficient. It also
improves the ease of handling and mixing characteristics. However, firm grinding
will increase the energy costs of feed processing and bulk bins, increased costs of
fine processing most be offset by the resulting improved feed conversion.

Pig feed pellets making process including raw materials crushing and mixing,
conditioning and pelletizing, cooling and mixing; consist of two different types
which are:

- Floor mixing
- Mixer machine

The mixer machine is the faster and easiest way of producing large quality of pig
feed pellets mixing because it save time and reduce stress, and can produced up to
4 turns a day, while the floor mixing taken times and does not reduce stress we
produce one turn a day on floor mixing and is been used whenever the machine has
fault.

The materials we used in producing pig feed pellets includes:

1. Bone meal
2. Cone
3. Palm kernel cake (PKC)
4. Wheat offal etc

There are two types of pig feed which are:

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 1. Pulverous pig feed
2. Pelleting pig feed

Pulverous pig feed consist of crouched pig feed raw materials. However, pig feed
pellet is made of pig feed raw material, compressed by a animal feed pellet mill
under the action of 100-120 hot stream during the pelletizing process, pig feed
during pelletizing process, pig feed pellet will soon become gelatinized and
generate a better tested. It is easier for pigs to digestion and absorption. Processed
under high temperature, Pellet is healthier for pigs with good liquidity for pigs.
With good liquidity, pig feed pellet also perform well in storage of transportation.

6.2 FISH FEED

Fish feed is a mass of mixed ingredient such as:

 Floor
 Fish meal (65%, 172%)
 Soya
 Wheat offal
 Bone
 Lime stone
 Vitamin c etc
After getting all the raw materials listed above all as they grinded into smoother
from them, we will mixed them together either by mixing machine or floor mixing
and then took them to the pelletize machine to pelletize in either four minutes of
six minutes. After that we packed them in to the drier machine to dry them and
pack them inside the sack when the feed is dry and cold.
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6.3 DOG FEED
There are different kinds of dog feed which are:
 Crunchy
 Dry meat
 Can food

Which are imported, but the one produced in our industry is legal dog food and it’s
very easy to produce the raw materials used in produced dog feed in our industry
include:

 Indomine
 Bone meal
 Fish meal
 GNC
 Biscuit
 Wheat offal
 Palm kernel cake (PKC)

6.4 GOAT FEED

Goat feed is the easiest feed we produced in our industry. The material includes is
not much and it’s not mostly consumed by customer as a result of alternative ways.
Such as: Grasses and legume

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7.0 PROBLEMS
Many problems were encounter in the industry training such as
- It is difficult to secure a firm that you will do your attachment if you do not
have any link, which is the major problem that makes some students not to
complete the four programs.
- Transportation posed a very great threat to the acquisition of respective IT
center.
- Finally, most of the model equipment used in our industry causes cough and
headache for us all.

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8.0 RECOMMENDATION
Base on the result of this study the following recommendation are made;
- The feed millers can form a cooperative society from which members could
acquire loan at very low interest rate to obtain sophisticated tools, machines,
power generating set and enough land area require to make the processing
activities easier and more profitable
- There is need for government through the agricultural development program
to monitor feed processing activities in the study area to prevent raw
formulation of feed and to avoid the risk pose to live stock.

8.1 CONCLUSION

Considering the findings from the study area, it was discover that feed milling
business is highly profitable. It was prevented that rent profitable. It was revealed
that rent on land, tools/equipment, cost as well as age of the worker were
significant in the feed milling industry and also it has the direct impact on the liver
of production and total revenue. I was able to understand that some of the feed mill
are facing problems relate to lack of capital to acquire more input expecially tools
and machines. Also in irregular supply of electricity I affecting the level of
production and profitability of feed mill business. The feed milling business, the
primary objective of SIWES was achieve, and I was able to identified basic tools
and equipments used in milling industry also the type of live stock feed and how
to provide each feed we achieved.

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