HRT 22035

THE FHWA R&T STORY
Innovating the Future

of Transportation
© 2015 USchools / iStock.

Contents
Introduction: Innovations for a Better Future .................................................................2
Addressing the Critical Needs of the Nation’s Current Highway System ....................4
Improving Safety Through Innovation ................................................................................................ 4
Improving Operations Through Innovation ....................................................................................... 6
Improving Infrastructure Through Innovation .................................................................................. 7
For More Information ..........................................................................................................................10
Accelerating Implementation of Technologies to Meet Future Highway

Transportation Needs ...................................................................................................... 11
Technology Deployment Programs ....................................................................................................11
Innovation Engagement ......................................................................................................................14
Providing Clear Benefits to the Public............................................................................ 18

Safety Benefits .......................................................................................................................................18
Infrastructure Benefits .........................................................................................................................20
Evidence-Building for Policymaking ..................................................................................................22
Workforce Partnerships .......................................................................................................................25
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 28
References.......................................................................................................................... 28
THE FHWA R&T STORY
© metamorworks / AdobeStock.com.
Introduction: Innovations
for a Better Future
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) champions To advance the transportation system, FHWA focuses on
research and technology (R&T) innovations to address the ensuring safety, stimulating economic growth, promoting
critical needs of the Nation’s highway system. The FHWA equity, reducing climate impacts while incorporating
R&T Story presents innovations that ensure the safety of sustainability, and leading technological transformation.
vulnerable pedestrians, evaluate concepts for connected FHWA is working to:
and automated vehicles (CAVs), and develop better ways
to test for pavement deterioration. These innovations can • Address the critical needs of the Nation’s current
help renew the highway system, spur economic recovery, highway system by improving safety, operations,
reduce inequities, and protect against the impact of future and infrastructure to foster sustainable, equitable
climate scenarios. economic recovery.
• Accelerate implementation of technologies to meet

Every day, the U.S. highway system safely connects people
future highway needs by supporting States and other
and moves goods, sustaining the country’s economic
stakeholders to deliver transformative, cost-saving
capacity. This system is a dynamic and collaborative
innovations with long-term benefits.
network involving transportation agencies at all levels of
government and industry that form the leading edge of • Provide clear benefits to the public by highlighting
the country’s advancements in highway infrastructure. the importance of innovation and its role in fostering
Investing in transportation is critical in securing America’s equitable economic growth.
economic future.
2
INNOVATING THE FUTURE OF TRANSPORTATION
FHWA’s Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of their transportation systems, with a particular emphasis
(TFHRC) plays a vital leadership role in developing and on proven innovations ready for implementation that will be
implementing coordinated highway R&T. TFHRC, a more robust to future challenges than conventional options.
Federally owned and operated national research facility This research helps States with their infrastructure projects
in McLean, VA, houses 15 laboratories, data centers, and while ensuring that the traveling public has multiple mobility
support facilities. TFHRC conducts exploratory and applied options to access jobs, education, and other opportunities.
research in the areas of safety, infrastructure, and operations.
The laboratories provide a critical resource for advancing The projects described in the following pages show
the body of knowledge created and developed by these how FHWA advances innovations that strengthen the
multidisciplinary researchers and engineers. transportation system and advance technologies to meet
future needs that deliver clear benefits to the traveling public.
FHWA advances research innovations that transportation
agencies can use to maintain and improve the performance
TFHRC conducts innovative exploratory and applied research to improve the safety and resiliency of highways across the United States.
The J. Sterling Jones Hydraulics Research Laboratory is one of 15 laboratories at TFHRC.
Source: FHWA.
Key to Icons
Climate Economic
Safety Transformation Equity
Change Growth
3
THE FHWA R&T STORY
FHWA programs help support repairs to roadways like this one damaged
by extreme weather, allowing health facilities to obtain needed supplies and
connecting people to economic opportunities and surrounding communities.
© 2009 Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT).
Addressing the Critical Needs of the

Nation’s Current Highway System
The U.S. public roads system is the Nation’s largest public Improving Safety Through Innovation
infrastructure system. It consists of more than 4.1 million
miles of roadways, more than 617,084 bridges and related In 2019, motor vehicle traffic crashes resulted in 36,096
structures, and a wide range of traffic control and safety deaths, and pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities accounted
systems.(1,2) It is the economic backbone that moves the for more than 17 percent of all traffic fatalities that year.(3)
vast majority of the Nation’s products and enables trade. Between 2014 and 2018, the pedestrian fatality rate per
The highway system powers businesses, connects workers 100,000 population increased by 27 percent and grew even
to their jobs, and creates opportunities for historically faster among Black people.(4) Roadway crashes injure another
marginalized communities. However, the economic growth 65,000 pedestrians and 48,000 bicyclists each year.(5)
made possible by the highway system has also fueled
tremendous increases in the demands placed on it.
In 2019, motor vehicle traffic crashes resulted
in 36,096 deaths, and pedestrian and
Beyond the growing demands on the highway system, the bicyclist fatalities accounted for more than
impacts of unprecedented events like pandemics, hurricanes, 17 percent of all traffic fatalities that year.
and wildfires may have lingering effects. The Nation’s
highways are critical in the short term to mitigate these
catastrophic events by ensuring healthcare facilities can Between 2014 and 2018, the pedestrian
fatality rate per 100,000 population increased
obtain needed supplies and damaged roads and bridges can
by 27 percent and grew even faster among
be repaired. In the long term, these highways will be vital Black people.
to the country’s economic recovery by connecting people
to opportunities they need safely and fairly. Thus, it will be
crucial for transportation agencies at all levels of government
Roadway crashes injure 65,000 pedestrians
to maintain and upgrade the highway system to facilitate a and 48,000 bicyclists each year.
robust and equitable recovery.
Source: FHWA.
4
In recognition of the magnitude of this problem, geographic information system platforms for displaying the
FHWA has encouraged the development of innovative locations and density of crashes on maps.
safety technologies and data analysis tools that enable
transportation professionals to connect crash causes with
effective solutions. These innovations include identifying
problem areas for pedestrians and bicyclists, developing
analysis tools that allow planners and engineers to better
understand and target these problem areas, and evaluating
countermeasures to reduce the number of crashes involving
pedestrians and bicyclists. FHWA strives to cultivate safer
roadways for some of the most vulnerable roadway users,
from safer crosswalks and sidewalks to educational and
safety initiatives.
Pedestrian Safety Original map: © Esri, HERE, Garmin, NGA, USGS.

Modifications by the National Highway Traffic Safety
A study conducted by FHWA entitled “Safety Evaluation Administration to show 2019 fatal crash locations.
of Protected Left-Turn Phasing and Leading Pedestrian
Intervals on Pedestrian Safety” examined the effects of
combining two innovative countermeasures that help protect
Human Factors
pedestrians at intersections.(6) Protected left-turn phasing
provides a separate traffic-signal phase for left-turning
Human factors research aims to improve understanding
traffic where no pedestrian movement or vehicular traffic
of road-user behavior and incorporate that knowledge into
conflicts with the left turn.(7) Leading pedestrian intervals
all FHWA strategies for improving safety and enhancing
allow pedestrians to enter an intersection 3 to7 seconds
operations throughout the highway transportation system.
before vehicles receive a green light.(8) Using state-of-the-
Human factors research in automation seeks to understand
art analytical methods, the study developed statistically
how CAVs can be safely integrated into the Nation’s roadway
rigorous crash modification factors (CMFs) for protected
systems by evaluating the human behaviors related to the
left-turn phasing and leading pedestrian intervals.(6) FHWA
deployment of cooperative automation.
partnered with various cities that had installed one or both
of the countermeasures of interest. These cities included
Chicago, IL; New York, NY; Charlotte, NC; and Toronto, ON.
FHWA worked with staff in each city to obtain information
on countermeasure installation; roadway and intersection
characteristics; crash data, including pedestrian-specific
crash data; vehicle- and pedestrian-volume data; and signal-
timing data.
Another FHWA study relied on geospatial technologies to

pinpoint areas of risk. “Identification and Prioritization of
High Pedestrian Crash Locations/Areas” documented the
methods used to identify and prioritize high pedestrian
crash sites and the methods’ input data demands.(9) FHWA FHWA conducts human factors research using driving
successfully worked with several cities and States to catalog simulators and other innovative tools to integrate CAV
technology into the Nation’s roadway system.
the criteria needed to identify and rank high pedestrian
crash locations. The collection of geographic coordinates Source: FHWA.
(latitude and longitude) for crashes has resulted in extensive
5
THE FHWA R&T STORY
Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) intends to Improving Operations Through Innovation
increase traffic throughput by safely permitting shorter
following distances between vehicles. Shorter following CAV Research
distances can help freight firms save money on fuel, which
increases the efficiency of goods delivery and aids economic Rapidly emerging automated vehicle (AV) technology, if well
recovery. In 2018, the CACC Human Factors project entitled deployed, can resolve current and future highway needs. AVs
“Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study” promise increased safety and greater performance through
involved a series of experiments that examined how CACC reduced congestion, expanded vehicular capacity, real-time
affected drivers’ workload, propensity to distraction, level route optimization, and fuel efficiency. FHWA has taken a
of sensory stimulation, ability to avoid a crash, merging national leadership role in the safe development, testing, and
abilities, and trust in the system.(10) deployment of AV technology, including CAV research and
cooperative driving automation (CDA).
Similarly, researchers working on the ongoing project
“Human Factors Issues Related to Truck Platooning The CARMA℠ Program is a research program designed to
Operations” are studying the perceptions of truck platoons develop concepts for CDA. The concepts address everyday
and visual indicators/signing related to truck platoons.(11) traffic situations and provide testing and evaluation of
This project is using a sign laboratory and driving simulator resulting applications. This work uses open-source software
to investigate human factors issues associated with to encourage collaboration and participation among a
traveling near a truck platoon. The researchers are trying community of engineers and researchers. In 2021, the
to understand the likely actions of people driving passenger CARMA team initiated testing of self-driving features
cars in the presence of truck platoons. to prepare for testing and validation of the cooperative
driving use cases of basic travel, work zones, and
incident management.
Through the Exploratory Advanced Research Program, FHWA analyzes how artificial intelligence and machine learning can advance
communications between vehicles and infrastructure, ultimately improving the safety and efficiency of highway networks.
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation.
6
Exploratory Advanced Research
FHWA’s Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) Program

is studying the development of artificial intelligence (AI)
and machine learning (ML) in transportation management
systems through its work with universities and industry.
This research includes automated traffic imagery analysis,
incident detection, traffic control, and traffic signal timing.
For example, the EAR Program selected Tufts University to
conduct the Traffic Incident Detection and Analysis System
study to utilize AI/ML advancements in computer vision
techniques, known as ClearVision. The techniques enhance
images with object detection and provide object tracking
using neural networks, scenario detection algorithms, and
a user interface to assist operators. The technology works
with existing cameras and equipment, resulting in lower
implementation costs. The project could improve image
processing, enhance vehicle classification, and automatically
identify anomalies to regular roadway performance through
innovative AI-based use of existing roadside equipment.
Improving Infrastructure
Through Innovation
Today’s aging highway system poses daunting challenges Researchers at the TFHRC Concrete Laboratory developed
for transportation professionals, including a growing need standards to help entities apply UHPC to their roadways, like
for rehabilitating and rebuilding many highway segments these Vermont construction workers are doing. UHPC provides
that must continue to meet high travel demand due to added resilience over traditional concrete.
increasing congestion, emerging safety problems, and © 2016 Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans).
worsening environmental impacts. Keeping bridges in a state
of good repair is essential to operating the transportation
system efficiently. Through efforts in FHWA’s Office of Infrastructure,
Research, and Development’s (R&D) laboratories and the
EAR Program, researchers are evaluating the effectiveness
Innovative Pavement Research
of the next generation of supplementary cementitious
materials (SCMs) in concrete. The project, “Towards Low
TFHRC’s Concrete Laboratory staff conducts research in
Embodied Carbon Cement and Concrete in Transportation
many areas related to concrete materials to develop better,
Projects,” takes a multidimensional approach to address
more durable, cost-effective, and sustainable infrastructure.
the environmental impact of cement-based materials used
Researchers in the laboratory are developing guidelines to
in transportation infrastructure.(12) SCMs help reduce the
apply ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to bridge
use of carbon-intensive cement; for decades, SCMs have
preservation and repair to maintain and improve bridge
proven effective in enhancing the workability and durability
conditions cost effectively. UHPC is a fiber-reinforced,
of concrete. The Office of Infrastructure R&D is also
cementitious composite material with mechanical and
collaborating with FHWA’s Sustainable Pavements Program,
endurance properties that far exceed conventional concrete
Mobile Concrete Technology Center, Resource Center, and
materials. Thus, UHPC enables more durable repairs and
other Federal partners to educate stakeholders on ways to
extended service life of existing highway bridges.
reduce the greenhouse gases attributable to the cement and
concrete used in their infrastructure.
7
THE FHWA R&T STORY
TRANSFORMING THE WAY SOCIETY MOVES
Advances in technology are leading a wave of transportation transformations. FHWA’s EAR Program is studying
the development of AI and ML technology in transportation management systems. AI in transportation
encompasses a wide area of technology, from advanced driver assistance systems to predictive traffic modeling
and control systems. The use of AI to digest and analyze large amounts of data provides broad public benefits,
such as improving traffic flows, supporting human decisionmaking in a traffic management center, and
performing real-time monitoring.
FHWA has also taken a national leadership role in the safe development, testing, and deployment of AV
technology, including CAV research and CDA. Connected vehicles have the potential to transform the way
Americans travel through the creation of a safe, interoperable wireless communications network—a system that
includes cars, buses, trucks, trains, traffic signals, smartphones, and other connected devices. Connected and
automated technologies—including broadband, zero-emissions technologies, and cybersecurity safeguards—are
critical underpinnings to a 21st-century transportation system and will help ensure our system is safer, greener,
smarter, and more equitable.
been employed over the years. Almost all rely on measuring

Better Pavement Testing the physical expansion of concrete or mortar specimens:
none work particularly well. The Chemistry Laboratory
A relatively new procedure, T 365: Standard Method of has developed a new test method that relies exclusively on
Test for Quantifying Calcium Oxychloride Formation chemical measurements without concrete or mortar sample
Potential of Cementitious Pastes Exposed to Deicing Salts, requirements; it accurately detects highly reactive and
published by the American Association of State Highway nonreactive coarse aggregates.
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 2020, quantifies
the amount of pavement deterioration caused by calcium
oxychlorides from deicing salts.(13) TFHRC’s Concrete Nature-Based Solutions
Laboratory optimized the procedure for measuring calcium
oxychloride by reducing the duration of testing. The More than 60,000 road miles in the United States are
reduction of the test duration can potentially drastically coastal highways, and these roads and bridges are
cut the test costs for practitioners and make this test more vulnerable to tides, storm surges, waves, and sea-level
competitive with other available techniques. The T 365 rise. FHWA research has explored nature-based solutions
technology can help agencies better assess road conditions for climate resilience. Nature-based solutions mimic
and conduct needed maintenance, functions that will characteristics of natural features and processes but are
be crucial as climate change may worsen the impacts of created by human design and engineering.(14) These solutions
winter storms. use natural materials and processes as an alternative to, or
an enhancement of, traditional shoreline stabilization and
After a 10-year research effort, the FHWA Chemistry infrastructure protection techniques and have numerous
Laboratory has developed a new test method for determining benefits. Not only do these solutions enhance resilience to
alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) damages on concrete in the flooding, wave action, and erosion, but they also facilitate
form of cracks. A reliable test method to determine an natural ecosystem function, cost less than traditional
aggregate’s potential to form ASR gels in concrete has eluded shoreline armoring, adapt naturally to sea-level rise, and
the transportation industry since the first ASR test methods offer recreation and tourism benefits.
were proposed in 1947. Many test method variations have
8
FHWA’s research and guidance help entities with efforts such as restoring Fourmile Creek in Washington State to its natural floodplain.
This project addresses potential environmental impacts expected from upcoming construction projects and reconnects waterways to
help with flood control and expand habitat for native species, such as salmon.
© 2020 WSDOT.
To facilitate nature-based solutions for coastal highway Collaborations like the “Netherlands Binational
resilience, FHWA published an implementation guide to Collaboration: Infrastructure Resilience-Nature-Based
help transportation practitioners understand how and where Solutions” have also addressed nature-based engineering
to use nature-based solutions to improve the resilience solutions for infrastructure resilience.(12) Two State
of coastal roads and bridges.(15) This guide summarizes departments of transportation (DOTs) participate in this
the potential flood-reduction benefits of these strategies collaboration with the Netherlands. Washington State
and reviews the steps of the project delivery process. In DOT (WSDOT) has demonstrated innovative stormwater
particular, the guide describes how to consider nature- and stream restoration approaches since 2019. North
based solutions in the planning process, conduct a site Carolina DOT has spearheaded multiple nature-based
assessment to determine whether nature-based solutions are flood mitigation efforts, which are also of interest to
appropriate, and incorporate key engineering, permitting, the Netherlands.
and monitoring strategies.(14)
BUILDING FOR A BETTER FUTURE WITH

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
FHWA recognizes that climate variability and change pose threats to U.S. transportation systems. The range of
impacts from these threats may include roadway deterioration, flooding, limited waterway access, and weakened
structures. Severe conditions may reduce the life of capital assets and increase operational disruptions. Some
consequences may require changes in the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure.
For example, applying UHPC in bridge preservation and repair and researching novel cementitious materials
will help develop better, more durable, cost-effective, and sustainable infrastructure. In addition, to facilitate
nature-based solutions for coastal highway resilience, FHWA publishes manuals and guidance designed to help
transportation practitioners understand how and where nature-based solutions can be used to improve the
resilience of coastal roads and bridges.
9
THE FHWA R&T STORY
For More Information

The following websites provide additional information and further highlight the FHWA activities discussed in this section.
Safety Evaluation of Protected Left-Turn Phasing and AI/ML in Transportation Management Systems:
Leading Pedestrian Intervals on Pedestrian Safety:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ research/ear/18066/18066.pdf
research/safety/18044/index.cfm
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ UHPC:
https://highways.dot.gov/research/structures/ultra-high-
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ performance-concrete/ultra-high-performance-concrete
Identification and Prioritization of High Pedestrian Crash T 365 Standard Method of Test Quantifying
Locations/Areas: Calcium Oxychloride Amounts in Cement
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ Pastes Exposed to Deicing Salts:
https://store.transportation.org/Item/
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study: PublicationDetail?ID=4382
research/safety/13045/13045.pdf
ASR:
Human Factors Issues Related to
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/asr.cfm
Truck Platooning Operations:
https://www.its.dot.gov/presentations/avs2019/
McHale_Truck_PlatooningAVS2019.pdf Sustainable Pavement Systems:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/sustainability/
CARMA: hif15002/hif15002.pdf
https://highways.dot.gov/research/
Implementation Guide: Nature-based Solutions for
operations/CARMA-products
Coastal Highway Resilience:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/
EAR Program: resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/green_
infrastructure/implementation_guide/fhwahep19042.pdf
https://highways.dot.gov/research/research-
programs/exploratory-advanced-research/
exploratory-advanced-research-overview
10
Construction workers make progress on rehabilitating two bridges in Arizona.

© 2019 Arizona DOT.
Accelerating Implementation
of Technologies to Meet Future
Highway Transportation Needs
FHWA works with State DOTs and local public agencies Technology Deployment Programs
to accelerate the implementation of technologies that
can meet future highway needs, including virtual public FHWA embraces a culture of innovation and actively
involvement and data-driven strategies for managing supports and advances innovation across the entire breadth
traffic incidents. Such innovations have the potential to of the agency’s activities. FHWA has woven innovation into
transform transportation planning and operations. To its business practices, from developing new technologies at
further the deployment of innovative technologies, FHWA its world-class TFHRC to the Office of Technical Services
works with transportation agencies to understand their and Division Offices, which provide technical assistance to
implementation needs and develop tests and tools to monitor the States and local partners to deploy the innovations.
highway operations. Accelerated deployment of proven,
market-ready technologies and practices will improve FHWA has numerous technology adoption programs that
safety, reduce environmental impacts, and increase access to support the innovation pipeline, delivering cutting-edge as
economic opportunities. well as proven technologies. By institutionalizing technology
11
THE FHWA R&T STORY
TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT PROGRAMS
Every Day Counts State Transportation Accelerated Advanced

Innovation Council Innovation Deployment Transportation and Congestion
Demonstration Program Management Technologies
5 Rounds of technology
transfer completed.
(AID Demo) Deployment
$100 $86.9
- Reduce costs
Projects in all 50 States - Increase return on investment
plus Puerto Rico. - Enhance transportation
THOUSAND MILLION system operations
- e-Ticketing - Increase data collection
- Digital as-builts In provided funds Awarded in grant and dissemination
- Virtual public per State per fiscal year funding by AID Demo - Accelerate deployment
involvement of CAV technologies
- Strategic Workforce
Development
Source: FHWA.
adoption programs, FHWA can adapt its support to the as-builts (DABs), virtual public involvement, and Strategic
most impactful innovations at a given time and thus meet Workforce Development.(16) Details on some of these
current and future highway transportation needs. The technologies follow:
following sections highlight the success of four programs
and demonstrate FHWA’s commitment to collaborating with
State and local entities.
e-Ticketing and DABs
provide construction
Every Day Counts
crews and relevant
Every Day Counts (EDC) is a State-based technology stakeholders with a
transfer program that identifies and deploys proven way to electronically
EDC innovations like e-Ticketing
technologies that accelerate project delivery, improve safety, produce and share help construction workers streamline
and reduce congestion. Every 2 years, FHWA collaborates materials, designs, and project delivery and reduce work
with State DOTs, local governments, Tribes, and other other project data, crew exposure to vehicular traffic.
stakeholders to select innovations to champion. FHWA then streamlining project Source: FHWA.
works with these stakeholders to identify opportunities to delivery. The
implement these innovations according to States’ needs technologies offer other significant benefits as well.
and establish performance goals. These innovations save e-Ticketing and DABs improve safety by reducing work crew
agencies time, money, and resources, allowing them to exposure during vehicular traffic, create time savings
deliver more projects and accelerate technology adoption. through reduced processing time and enhanced planning,
and make project documentation and data collection more
consistent and efficient.(16) These benefits can help agencies
realize cost savings and shorten project timelines.
Virtual public involvement is an innovative form of

public engagement that local and State agencies can
EDC has completed five rounds of technology transfer and
use to improve transportation projects and build feedback
has advanced projects in all 50 States plus Puerto Rico.
loops between the public and policymakers, helping establish
The sixth round of EDC (EDC-6), launched in 2021 and
a common vision for transportation. Modern technology and
running through 2022, focuses on numerous innovative
communication allow agencies to use websites, social media
technologies and strategies, including e-Ticketing and digital
12
tools, and mobile applications to post information about their and the Operations Innovation Showcase, where MDOT
activities, reaching a wider audience at a lower cost than highlights innovations developed by State staff.
traditional public engagement methods. The public can then
access online videos, podcasts, crowdsourced maps, and
Accelerated Innovation Deployment
other interactive forums to receive information and provide
Demonstration Program
input, sparking collaboration and ensuring the public’s
opinions and needs are considered during project planning The Accelerated Innovation Deployment Demonstration
and development. This engagement also helps identify issues (AID Demo) program provides funding to State and local
early in the project planning process, accelerating project entities to offset risks associated with the initial deployment
delivery, and reducing the need to revisit decisions. Virtual of innovation, leading to FHWA-State partnerships and
public involvement was part of both EDC-5 and EDC-6, accelerated project delivery. Additionally, funding recipients
where FHWA encouraged new forms of public engagement, report on experiences and lessons learned from each
such as telephone town halls, online meetings, pop-up innovation deployment, which are shared via the program
outreach, social meetings/meeting-in-a box kits, story maps, website to assist technology transfer in other States and
quick videos, crowdsourcing, survey tools, real-time polling localities. AID Demo has already awarded $86.9 million
tools, social media following, visualization, and working with in grant funding for projects that improve safety, mobility,
bloggers.(17) project delivery, and other key areas.
State Transportation Innovation Council

Through State Transportation Innovation Councils (STICs),
For example, the AID
FHWA puts transportation communities—including State,
Demo program helped
Federal, and local agencies; industry; academia; and other
the Oklahoma DOT
transportation professionals—in the driver’s seat to select
install high-friction
innovations that best fit their unique program needs and
surface treatment
then quickly deploy those innovations. The involvement of
(HFST) on curves at
these communities can help States better identify and target
multiple locations in
innovations, especially when recovering from unprecedented
the Oklahoma City FHWA’s AID program helps
events. The STIC program also provides funds up to
metropolitan area. States implement innovative road
$100,000 per State per fiscal year for deliverables, such
HFST, highlighted in technologies, like HFST. HFST
as developing draft technical standards and guidelines. allows drivers to maintain control
EDC-2, is an innovative
STICs benefit transportation programs within the State and in harsh weather conditions.
approach to restoring
establish a culture of innovation that promotes progressive Source: FHWA.
and maintaining
practices and advanced technology deployment.
pavement friction in
high-crash areas, allowing drivers to maintain vehicle control
in wet and dry conditions.(18) Oklahoma DOT’s project was
particularly innovative because it was installed using fully
The Ohio DOT (ODOT) used STIC incentive funds to automated methods at sites with significantly higher traffic
improve the environmental documentation process in Ohio, volume than previous HFST deployments. These fully
a key component of project development. ODOT developed automated deployments reduced disruptions experienced
guidance to enhance the quality of feasibility studies and by the traveling public during installation. After an initial
alternative evaluation reports as well as streamline the evaluation determined the deployments were successful,
process for producing these documents. The Maryland Oklahoma DOT created a program that systematically
STIC launched an innovation subcommittee, facilitating applies HFST to high-crash curves throughout the State.(19)
technology transfer in the public and private sectors. Thus, the AID Demo program not only helped Oklahoma
Establishing this culture of innovation has catalyzed efforts DOT improve safety at multiple high-crash locations,
at Maryland DOT (MDOT), including Project Green Light, but it catalyzed a program for future technology transfer,
in which employees pitched ideas in a friendly environment, improving safety across the State.
13
THE FHWA R&T STORY
activities help FHWA understand the complex challenges

Advanced Transportation and State and local entities may face when deploying innovative
Congestion Management technologies. Through FHWA’s support, entities complete
Technologies Deployment projects more quickly and efficiently, improving the
safety and performance of transportation systems across
The Advanced Transportation and Congestion Management
the Nation.
Technologies Deployment (ATCMTD) program provides
grants to State and local DOTs to deploy advanced
technologies rapidly. The program aims to reduce costs, Small Business Innovation Research and
increase return on investment, enhance transportation Cooperative Research and Development
system operations, improve safety, increase data collection Agreements
and dissemination, and accelerate the deployment of
CAV technologies. Supporting small businesses is one of the keys to the
Nation’s economic recovery. FHWA’s Small Business
ATCMTD supports various projects and transportation Innovation Research (SBIR) Program encourages domestic
modes across the Nation. Grantees have commenced small businesses to engage in research and development
projects relating to the safety and movement of vehicles, addressing high-priority research areas within U.S. DOT.
freight, pedestrians, and bicyclists.(20) The ATCMTD program SBIR focuses on technologies with high potential for
demonstrates FHWA’s support for accelerating technology commercialization that can be sold to States, localities, and
adoption and innovative practices affecting all modes of other entities.
transportation using the Nation’s roadways. Furthermore,
FHWA provides support to grantees beyond funding. The The SBIR program has invested $50 million in small
agency organizes early deployer cohort meetings to facilitate businesses over the past 5 years, creating many success
peer discussion and offer technical support, assists grantees stories along the way.(21) One company developed a system
with performance measurement, and creates annual reports alerting drivers to their surroundings when switching
detailing program highlights. between an automated driving system and a human driver,
which is a challenge to safely deploying AVs on highways.(22)
Another project detects damage in structural components
Innovation Engagement with new infrared technologies, allowing for cost savings,
FHWA engages State and local stakeholders to accelerate safety improvements, and more accurate infrastructure
the implementation of innovative technologies. Engagement assessments.(22)
RECYCLED PLASTIC MINI-ROUNDABOUTS

AS A TRAFFIC CONTROL SOLUTION
Many States and localities have realized the benefits of roundabouts, but roundabout
installation typically requires the closure of an intersection and involves cutting the
pavement and filling it with reinforced concrete. To address these installation issues while
achieving similar benefits, the SBIR program partnered with an engineering company to
develop and design low-cost, easily installed mini-roundabouts.
FHWA’s SBIR Program has
Made with recycled plastic, mini-roundabouts consist of precut helped States and localities
boards that can be delivered onsite and installed fairly quickly implement roundabouts using
without completely closing an intersection, reducing the recycled materials and with
minimal impacts on traffic.
impact on the traveling public.
Source: FHWA.
14
CRADA AS A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOOL
In addition to working with the private sector through SBIR grants, FHWA’s TFHRC engages in Cooperative
Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) with the private sector and academia to develop and
commercialize new highway-related technologies. FHWA or industry can initiate CRADAs, allowing both sides to
optimize their resources, exchange technical expertise in a protected environment, share intellectual property,
and accelerate the commercialization of innovative technologies.
Data-Driven Strategies for Managing In addition to bringing key TIM stakeholders together,
Disruptions from Non-Recurring Events FHWA developed a document entitled Process for
Establishing, Implementing, and Institutionalizing a Traffic
In November 2019, FHWA helped organize the Third Incident Management Performance Measurement Program,
Senior Executive Transportation and Public Safety Summit, which details an easy-to-apply process for local, regional, or
which focused on the state of traffic incident management State entities to establish a TIM program.(24) Furthermore,
(TIM) practice, including recent innovative developments. TIM is a part of EDC-6, aiming to support local TIM
The summit brought together 120 national leaders of programs and integrate cutting-edge technology, tools, and
transportation, law enforcement, emergency services, training to improve incident management.(25)
and other TIM-related disciplines to discuss supporting
innovations and accelerating the adoption and expanding the
Accelerated Implementation and
use of best practices.(23)
Deployment of Pavement
Technologies
FHWA’s Accelerated Implementation and Deployment

of Pavement Technologies (AID-PT) program seeks
to accelerate the adoption of innovative pavement
technologies, focusing on advancing performance-related
tests and specifications. The AID-PT program serves as the
implementation and deployment mechanism for innovations
coming out of FHWA’s pavement and materials research. A
variety of activities are pursued under the program, ranging
from webinars and YouTube videos to practical guide
documents on pavement technologies.
One specific research area supported through the AID-PT

program is performance-engineered pavements (PEP).
This initiative incorporates long-term performance into the
structural pavement design, mixture design, construction,
and materials acceptance of the U.S. asphalt and concrete
infrastructure. The primary goal of the PEP initiative is
FHWA organizes summits and issues guidance to assist with to increase the long-term durability and performance of
TIM practices across the country. Every minute a lane remains pavement. This initiative also encourages agencies to identify
blocked can result in 4 to 10 minutes of traffic delay, making the prevalent failure mechanisms within their network and
FHWA’s leadership in TIM critical in minimizing congestion. assess the available performance tests to address the causes
© 2014 WSDOT. of premature deterioration.
15
THE FHWA R&T STORY
options on the Nation’s roadways. State and local agencies

Structural Pavement Design use analysis, modeling, and simulation (AMS) tools to
evaluate operational improvements to their transportation
Performance Engineered systems. FHWA has already developed an AMS framework
Mixture Design (PEMD)
- Performance Engineered Mixtures (Concrete) that identified the needs and gaps in current capabilities
- PEMD (Asphalt)
- Index Based (e.g. Balanced Mix Design) to support the evaluation of CAVs on roadways. This
Performance
- Predictive PEMD
framework allows FHWA to support State and local agencies
Engineered in developing interoperable data exchanges between vehicles,
Pavements
other road users, and infrastructure-based components.(26)
(PEP)
Quality Assurance FHWA is also updating its Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (MUTCD) to integrate CAVs safely into the
current transportation network.(27,28)
Performance Based Acceptance
- Performance Related Specifications
- Performance Based Specifications FHWA is preparing for other innovative future
transportation options, including multimodal shared
The PEP initiative increases pavement’s long-term durability and
performance through innovative design, quality assurance, and mobility options such as ridesourcing, bikesharing, and
performance-based acceptance. scootersharing. Such options can better connect people to
Source: FHWA. economic and educational opportunities. An example of
FHWA’s leadership in integrating shared mobility was the
development of a primer called Shared Mobility: Current
FHWA has also facilitated partnerships and outreach to
Practices and Guiding Principles.(29) The primer provides an
State agencies through the Mobile Asphalt Technology
overview of different shared mobility options being deployed
Center (MATC) and the Mobile Concrete Technology
across the Nation and sets the foundation for future work
Center (MCTC). These mobile technology centers have
in the area.(29) Local, regional, and State entities that seek
provided onsite, hands-on assistance to almost every State
to deploy shared mobility or already have forms of shared
in the Nation. Test procedures that support PEP are one
mobility in their jurisdictions will find this overview useful.
of many technology deployments that the centers have
promoted. Other focuses include demonstrating available
but underutilized concrete technologies and deploying
technologies capable of measuring pavement materials’
uniformity in realtime.
FHWA deploys MCTCs like this one to provide hands-on

assistance to States across the Nation, including performing
demonstrations of available technologies.
Source: FHWA.
FHWA provides resources to support multimodal deployments,

Preparing for Future Transportation Options including bikeshare and scootershare. Above, bicyclists in the
Nation’s capital travel safely alongside vehicles.
FHWA works with State and local agencies to support
© 2010 Kevin Kovaleski.
the development of tools and products for the testing,
evaluation, and deployment of future transportation
16

EDC: Data-Driven Strategies for Managing

Disruptions from Non-Recurring Events:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/everydaycounts/
https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27120
Virtual public involvement:

Preparing for Future Transportation Options:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/everydaycounts/
edc_5/virtual_public_involvement.cfm https://www.transportation.gov/av/3/preparing-
future-transportation-automated-vehicles-3
STICs:
MATC:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/stic/
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/asphalt/trailer/
AID Demo:
MCTC:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/grants/
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Pavement/
concrete/trailer/index.cfm
ATCMTD:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/fastact/
Shared Mobility: Current Practices
factsheets/advtranscongmgmtfs.cfm
and Guiding Principles:
https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/
SBIR Program:
fhwahop16022/fhwahop16022.pdf
https://highways.dot.gov/research/
opportunities-partnerships/opportunities/
MUTCD:
small-business-innovation-research
https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/
CRADA:
TIM Practice:
https://highways.dot.gov/research/opportunities-
partnerships/opportunities/cooperative- https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/eto_tim_pse/about/tim.htm
research-development-agreement-crada
Performance Engineered Pavements:

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/
materials/hif20005.pdf
17
THE FHWA R&T STORY
FHWA’s leadership on Complete Streets and multimodal systems helps people travel efficiently and
safely, such as these pedestrians, bicyclists, transit riders, and drivers traveling in Washington, DC.
© 2017 MWander.
Providing Clear Benefits to the Public
FHWA strives to ensure that the public benefits of of the effectiveness of various safety improvements.(30)
transportation investment are realized as quickly and This effort is supported by 40 States, and the research
efficiently as possible. FHWA, working with State and methodology relies on before-and-after data to determine
local agencies, has significantly reduced injury crashes, the efficacy.
demonstrated the benefits of improved pavement designs,
and reduced the time needed for many projects to conduct
environmental reviews. In addition, reimagining how our
41 Member States of the ELCSI-PFS
streets operate and whom they serve can spur more equitable
economic growth. Throughout the innovation lifecycle,
FHWA seeks to capture successes and lessons learned
to build evidence that informs future policymaking and
strengthens trust in research.
Safety Benefits
Safety is FHWA’s top priority, and FHWA works with its

State, local, and private sector partners to deliver numerous
safety programs and technologies. These programs and
technologies impact safety in a variety of ways, and
Legend
understanding the exact benefits of these strategies is crucial. ELCSCI-PFS Member States
To this end, FHWA established the “Evaluations of Low Cost Nonmember States
Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study” (ELCSI-PFS), a

Original map: © lesniewski / AdobeStock.com. Modifications by
research program focused on developing reliable estimates
FHWA to show participation in the Evaluation of Low Cost Safety
Improvements Pooled Fund Study.
18
Each study under the ELCSI-PFS aims to provide a CMF

and a benefit/cost analysis for the targeted safety strategy. A
selection of findings from completed studies follows:
• Including pedestrian countdown signals reduced

total crashes by 8 percent and rear-end crashes by
12 percent.(31)
• Converting a conventional intersection to a restricted

crossing U-turn generally reduced injury crashes by
22 percent.(32)
• Adding profiled thermoplastic pavement markings

reduced nighttime wet-road crashes by 9 percent.(33)
ELCSI-PFS has demonstrated clear benefits for a variety of

low-cost safety strategies, and the research effort is ongoing. FHWA’s Bikeway Selection Guide helps practitioners implement
bicycle infrastructure, such as protected bike lanes in Seattle.
Such safety strategies facilitate the expanded safe movement
The guide includes tips on how to help advance equity
of people and goods. throughout the deployment process.
© 2014 Seattle DOT.
Pedestrian Installing pedestrian countdown 8%
Countdown signals reduced total crashes by
Signals 8 percent and rear-end crashes
by 12 percent.
12% provide technical assistance, and promote peer learning
to help advance safety for all road users. In the long term,
FHWA will seek to ensure that performance metrics are
Restricted Converting intersections to
Crossing restricted crossing U-turn
reduced injury crashes
22% comprehensive in tracking safety for everyone, not just
U-turn by 22 percent.
motor vehicles.
Proﬁled
Thermoplastic
Adding profiled thermoplastic
pavement markings reduced 9% FHWA can draw on multiple existing resources to help
Pavement nighttime wet-road crashes
Markings by 9 percent. inform decisions on roadway design that consider roadway
users beyond vehicles. FHWA’s Bikeway Selection Guide
Source: FHWA. provides two valuable resources for practitioners on this
topic: Traffic Analysis and Intersection Considerations to
Inform Bikeway Selection and On-Street Motor Vehicle
Complete Streets
Parking and the Bikeway Selection Process.(35,36,37)
With its Complete Streets initiative, FHWA aims to make

Traffic Analysis and Intersection Considerations to
roads safe for all travelers, including pedestrians; bicyclists;
Inform Bikeway Selection features a section on equity-
car, truck, and bus drivers and passengers; and more.
focused design principles to help agencies “prioritize
Research has shown that Complete Streets can reduce
accessibility, safety, and equity for all users” when designing
vehicle-related crashes, as well as pedestrian and bicyclist
intersections.(36) The companion guide—On-Street Motor
risk.(34) Complete Streets also promotes equity by protecting
Vehicle Parking and the Bikeway Selection Process—
disadvantaged people who often travel via transit, on foot,
encourages agencies to consider race, equity, and social
or by bicycle. The initiative encourages active travel modes,
justice in the planning and public policy discussion when
which benefit the health of individuals, who are exercising
considering bikeway type selection in the context of on-street
while traveling, and the planet, by reducing vehicle
parking. It outlines an eight-step process to help advance
exhaust emissions.
transportation equity by incorporating equity into all aspects
of the transportation planning, design, and implementation
FHWA is initially focusing on improving the safety of
process. The guide includes multiple case studies to
arterials and making it easier for States and local agencies
demonstrate flexible solutions that accommodate all users.
to build Complete Streets. FHWA will revise policies,
19
THE FHWA R&T STORY
KEEPING EVERYONE SAFE
FHWA’s On-Street Motor Vehicle Parking and the Bikeway Selection Process includes a case study in which an
agency in Portland, OR, wanted to implement a separated bike lane. However, this type of bikeway would have
eliminated the on-street motor vehicle parking that was serving many Black-owned businesses along the street.
The agency chose to implement a buffered bike lane to improve safety for bicyclists while maintaining access
to the local businesses. This example highlights how street design can have broad equity implications and how
FHWA resources seek to help local practitioners make safe and equitable decisions for their roadways.
An additional resource is FHWA’s report Accessible Infrastructure Benefits

Shared Streets: Notable Practices and Considerations
for Accommodating Pedestrians with Vision FHWA research innovations seek to improve all aspects of
Disabilities.(38) Complete Streets should meet the needs highway infrastructure, from investing in the early stages
of all users, including those with disabilities. FHWA’s of the construction process to improving the long-term
guide provides an overview of existing legal requirements, performance of the country’s highway systems. For example,
best practices on tactile walking surface indicators and with highways continuing to face the risk of climate-related
detectable edges, ideas for addressing accessibility in disasters, the Nation’s highway infrastructure must become
planning and design, lessons learned from Complete Streets more climate resilient over time. Numerous infrastructure
implementation, and a toolbox of strategies for designing research efforts have benefited both State DOTs and
Complete Streets. For this research effort, FHWA used the public.
an extensive stakeholder engagement process to ensure
that researchers understood the needs of pedestrians with Structural Design of Pavement
vision disabilities.
For pavement structural design, FHWA activities seek to
Curbside Management advance understanding and improvement of pavement
lifecycle costs, as well as improve design methods for
FHWA is also advancing research on curbside management. preservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation. One
Improper curbside management can slow the movement technology being studied is continuously reinforced concrete
of people and goods, limit access, and reduce safety. pavement (CRCP). CRCP is used by several highway
Curb space must serve more than just cars—pedestrians, agencies in the United States, typically for heavily trafficked
public transportation riders, freight and delivery drivers, roadways, and has become a pavement of choice for long-
transportation network service, and micromobility riders life performance. CRCP can potentially provide long-term
all should be considered in curbside management. Local “zero-maintenance” service life under heavy traffic load and
planners must develop ways to manage all types of demand challenging environmental conditions. FHWA’s TechBrief
on their streets. in this area (Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement
Performance and Best Practices) offers guidance on
FHWA, in collaboration with the Institute of Transportation optimizing several key design features of CRCP, including
Engineers, has published a research report on curbside longitudinal steel content, simplified details for terminal
management to help communities manage their curb-space ends, improved transverse construction joint detail, shoulder
considerations. The report explores various solutions to type, and concrete slab/base interface.(40)
optimize curb productivity while still maximizing safety.(39) At
its core, curbside management is about improving mobility When built correctly, CRCP experiences little degradation in
and safety for all through optimized curb-space use. ride quality over time, meaning maintenance costs are low.
The low maintenance costs lead to an overall lower lifecycle
20
cost compared to alternatives, saving agencies money in the Some of the specific outputs and activities of the LTPP and
long run. CRCP also has a higher capacity for truck loading LTBP programs include:
and traffic volumes, which can improve the transportation of
goods and people across the country.(41) • LTBP InfoBridge™, FHWA’s LTBP Program web
portal, is a centralized gateway to performance data
and information.(42) It provides an efficient interface
Long-Term Infrastructure Performance
with visualization capabilities enabling users to perform
bridge analytics.
FHWA’s Long-Term Infrastructure Performance (LTIP)
Programs seek to advance understanding of how and • “Transportation Pooled Fund Project TPF-5(283): The
why highway pavements and bridges perform as they do. Influence of Vehicle Live Loads on Bridge Performance”
The program consists of two related efforts: pavement seeks to quantify the influence of vehicular live
performance through the Long-Term Pavement Performance loads—with particular emphasis on truckloads—on
(LTPP) Program and bridge performance through the Long- the long-term performance and durability of highway
Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program. Previously bridges.(43) Balancing the needs of the freight industry,
two independent research projects, the LTIP and LTBP which include being able to easily ship large quantities
were transitioned by FHWA into an integrated program to of goods across the country, with preserving bridge
leverage synergies between them. infrastructure for as long as possible is important.
• LTPP InfoPave™ is a web portal that meets a primary

These programs, conducted in collaboration with the State
objective of the LTPP Program by providing access to
DOT infrastructure owners, characterize and monitor in-
data and information on the performance of in-service
service highway pavement test sections (LTPP) and bridges
pavement test sections in North America.(44) This
(LTBP). Such monitoring allows agencies to assemble the
information includes pavement roughness measures,
data needed to improve infrastructure design and advance
deflection testing, skid information, and more.
the understanding of highway infrastructure performance
necessary to manage transportation assets effectively.
FHWA’s LTBP Program provides critical data and performance measurements to preserve bridge infrastructure across the country.
The Navajo Bridge, which crosses the Colorado River’s Marble Canyon in Arizona, is one of only two roadway crossings of the
Grand Canyon.
© 2012 Al_HikesAZ.
21
THE FHWA R&T STORY
These research efforts focus on improving infrastructure

to work better for its users and deliver findings to Data and Analysis
relevant audiences.
Through its research programs, FHWA produces several
datasets and reports that various transportation practitioners
Evidence-Building for Policymaking rely on to make decisions. Without precise data about
FHWA accelerates delivery of highway projects, builds highway conditions, travel behaviors, traffic bottlenecks, and
evidence to facilitate continuous learning and better more, it would be difficult to make appropriately targeted
decisionmaking, and conducts rigorous evaluations to decisions to achieve the greatest benefit for the public.
improve future research and policy.
One such data product is the Freight Analysis Framework
(FAF).(48) The FAF, produced through a partnership
FHWA NEPA Assignment between the Bureau of Transportation Statistics and
FHWA, integrates data from various sources to create a
In the fourth round of EDC (EDC-4), FHWA worked with comprehensive understanding of freight movement among
State and other transportation agencies to understand States and metropolitan areas by all modes of transportation.
the delays that occur during the National Environmental FAF incorporates data from agriculture, extraction, utilities,
Policy Act (NEPA) process and develop tools to streamline construction, services, and other sectors. Transportation
environmental permitting.(45) State, local, and other practitioners can immediately download summary statistics
agencies indicated various challenges in environmental from FAF, which provide information such as the weight/
permitting, including a lack of coordination with resource value of shipments within, from, or to a State and the top five
agencies involved in permitting and duplicative efforts trade partners by weight or value for trade leaving a State.
that reduce efficiency. FHWA established the integrating
NEPA and permitting approach to help agencies
communicate better and conduct environmental permitting
processes concurrently.
As part of this approach, FHWA originally developed an

online collaboration tool called eNEPA. This tool has since
been rebranded and improved. In early 2021, FHWA’s
Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty released its
Interagency NEPA and Permitting Collaboration Tool
(INPCT), the improved version of eNEPA.(46,47) INPCT is
designed to help NEPA practitioners efficiently manage the
environmental review and permitting processes for all types FHWA’s FAF integrates various data sources to facilitate freight
movement across the United States.
of transportation projects.
© 2012 Todd Lappin.
The tool makes it easier for project managers, environmental

planners, and resource/regulatory agency staff to exchange
Furthermore, survey data on the public’s travel behaviors
documents. They can also share comments in realtime,
can supplement these types of travel statistics. Conducted
strengthening the interagency collaboration process.
by FHWA, the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)
INPCT centralizes many elements of a NEPA review, which
is the authoritative source on the travel behavior of the
improves the management of the process as a whole. Users
American public.(49) The NHTS includes daily noncommercial
can track project and permitting schedules and critical
travel by all modes, including the characteristics of the
milestones, send meeting invitations, manage documents,
people traveling. It is the only source of national data that
and even track mitigation commitments.
allows researchers to analyze patterns in personal and
household travel.
22
The NHTS collects data directly from a stratified random impacts of driver
sample of U.S. households. NHTS survey questions cover distraction on
a broad array of topics, including household mobility, perception-reaction
energy consumption, travel of specific demographic groups, time and deceleration
safety, and planning applications. For many States and rate. The results of the
metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), the NHTS is research will influence
a critical data source. States and MPOs use NHTS data to recommendations FHWA’s NDS analyzes the
develop, calibrate, or validate State and MPO travel-demand for relevant causes and impacts of driver
distraction to reduce crashes
models. These models inform long-range transportation design parameters.
and improve safety on roadways
planning, and they support corridor-level, interchange, and throughout the Nation.
• “Freeway Guide
transit infrastructure and planning projects. Beyond the
Sign Performance Source: FHWA.
transportation needs of States and MPOs, stakeholders in
at Complex Interchanges—Reducing Information
fields as diverse as public health, energy, environment, and
Overload”: This study will identify performance-based
survey methods and analysis use NHTS data.(50)
guidelines for guide-sign design at complex freeway
interchanges to reduce the difficulty of navigating
FHWA combines insights from the FAF, NHTS, and other
complex interchanges.
sources to develop its biennial Conditions and Performance
(C&P) report. The C&P report provides decisionmakers with
NDS data provide valuable benefits to the public by giving
an objective appraisal of the physical conditions, operational
researchers a better understanding of driver behavior.
performances, and financing mechanisms of highways,
FHWA’s research in this area will lead to new guidance
bridges, and transit systems based on the current state of
and strategies to minimize crashes and near-crash events,
these systems and their projected future state under a set
improving safety on roadways throughout the country.
of alternative investment scenarios. The C&P report offers
a comprehensive, data-driven background to support the
development and analysis of legislative, budget, and program
options for all levels of government.(51)
Climate change data are also useful for infrastructure
planning. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP) Climate Data Processing Tool’s purpose is to provide
climate projections at a local level that will be relevant and
Another valuable data source produced by FHWA is the
useful for transportation planners.(53) Planners use these
Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data.(52) The NDS data
climate projections to understand what changes may be
comes from the Second Strategic Highway Research Project
needed to ensure that transportation infrastructure and
and generates insights into driving behavior. The NDS
services will be resilient to future impacts of climate change.
provides information on what preceded both crashes and
For example, the tool can provide the projected severity
near-crash events, and it also identifies driver behavior in
and frequency of extreme heat days for a given geographic
real-world driving conditions.
location in 2050 and 2100. Having this type of information
empowers transportation planners to make decisions that
FHWA projects that will utilize NDS data include:
will ensure the longevity of transportation infrastructure.
Without this type of data, it would be challenging for
• “Investigating How Multimodal Environments Affect
planners to predict what types of improvements would be
Multitasking Driving Behaviors”: This study will use
necessary to maintain their transportation systems.
NDS data to examine multitasking behaviors, meaning
any activities not related to driving. The study will focus
mainly on driver behavior in environments with large
numbers of pedestrians and cyclists.
The Pathway to Advancing Novel Data Analytics (PANDA)
• “Incorporating the Impacts of Driver Distraction
is a new laboratory at TFHRC seeking to develop, test,
into Highway Design and Traffic Engineering”: This
and apply novel analytics. This effort will benefit the
research aims to use the NDS data to analyze the
23
THE FHWA R&T STORY
public through improved data analysis. State and local

decisionmakers frequently use data and analytics created
by FHWA, and PANDA can potentially expand further the
assistance FHWA can provide to local practitioners.
R&T Evaluation Program
17 Project evaluations
completed.
R&T Evaluation Program 2,400 Roundabouts installed

between 1990 and 2014.
$9 In savings.
FHWA initiated the R&T Evaluation Program in 2014 BILLION
to assess and communicate the benefits of FHWA’s R&T 38,000–53,000

efforts and ensure that the organization is expending public
Injury crashes prevented.
resources efficiently and effectively. With the passing of

the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of Source: FHWA.
2018, it is now essential that government agencies conduct
evaluations to generate evidence for policymaking.(54) The the R&T evaluation of FHWA’s roundabouts research found
R&T Evaluation Program was developed with support from that FHWA’s investment in roundabouts research greatly
the Transportation Research Board R&T Coordinating increased awareness of the technology among States and
Committee.(55) agencies, influencing attitudes on how to use roundabouts
as a safety countermeasure and leading to more adoptions
Since 2014, the R&T Evaluation Program has completed 17 of the technology. The evaluation estimated that the
project evaluations, working with research program areas approximately 2,400 roundabouts installed in the United
across FHWA. These evaluations have yielded numerous States between 1990 and 2014 helped prevent between
findings and recommendations of importance to FHWA, 38,000 and 53,000 injury crashes, resulting in total societal
States, and other transportation stakeholders. For example, cost savings over that period of approximately $9 billion.(56)
FHWA’s R&T evaluation of roundabouts informed practitioners of roundabouts’ safety benefits, leading to increased
adoption. This roundabout in Vermont helps vehicles navigate safely through a complex intersection.
© 2015 VTrans.
24
STIMULATING ECONOMIC GROWTH
From workforce development to infrastructure improvements to data collection on freight movements, FHWA
research touches on economic development goals in numerous ways:
• Reliable freight movement data provided by the FAF give State and local planners insight on what roads may
need improvements to ensure freight moves unimpeded across the country.
• Innovative infrastructure research ensures that roads can safely carry truck traffic and help sustain
economic growth.
• Curbside management increases the efficient movement of people and goods.
• Workforce development efforts help provide necessary jobs, benefiting both the workers and the travelers
who rely on the construction that maintains the roads.
The movement of goods and people is vital to economic development. Well-maintained infrastructure is one of
the many elements necessary to ensure that the United States will have sustained economic growth for many
years to come.
With the Nation’s infrastructure increasingly in need of HCWP seeks to identify, train, and place workers into
rapid renewal, States need to have the tools to assess the highway construction jobs. This program helps both the
risks of rapid renewal—risks that may differ from those of recruited workers as well as the Nation at large. Workers
conventional works. The R&T evaluation of FHWA’s work receive valuable construction jobs, and travelers across the
on managing risk in rapid-renewal projects found that country benefit from the construction efforts that are only
FHWA support allowed States to expose more of their staff possible with a large construction workforce. This program
to rapid-renewal risk management tools and host their own is vital to ensuring that the highway construction workforce
risk-management training events. For States adopting rapid- will remain robust long into the future.
renewal risk-management techniques, the evaluation found
that those States saved significant amounts of time and
money constructing their projects, ultimately resulting in less
disruption for the traveling public.(57)
The Strategic Workforce Development initiative helps
develop qualified and well-trained highway workers
Workforce Partnerships to meet labor needs for future highway construction
projects.(59) FHWA conducted a 2-year pilot across 12
It would not be possible to deploy many of FHWA’s research locations, partnering with other government agencies and
initiatives without a strong construction workforce. The organizations to explore how industry representatives
Highway Construction Workforce Partnership (HCWP) could collaborate with the public workforce system to
strives to increase the capacity and capability of the improve their recruiting, training, and retaining of highway
workforce by enhancing the number of individuals trained construction workers. The pilot led to a playbook titled
and hired in highway construction.(58) This initiative is also Identify, Train, Place, which transforms lessons learned
present in EDC-6 as Strategic Workforce Development. from the pilot into simple, repeatable “plays” that States
As part of the EDC-6 initiative, a toolkit was developed to and localities can use.(60) Additionally, FHWA launched a
provide resources and innovative strategies for organizations thorough outreach campaign called Roads to Your Future,
looking to fill construction jobs. which includes free customizable messaging and marketing
25
THE FHWA R&T STORY
FHWA’s HCWP and Strategic Workforce Development initiative helps train and develop highway workers to increase
workforce capacity and capabilities. This effort is critical to meeting labor needs for current and future highway projects.
© 2010 East Fork Bitterroot Road Recovery Act Project.
materials to recruit the next generation of highway strengthen relationships with HBCUs, leading to increased
construction workers.(58) Overall, the Strategic Workforce HBCU involvement with NRC RAP and enhanced HBCU
Development initiative helps employers hire qualified awareness of other FHWA research programs. These
labor to implement new highway infrastructure while also efforts promote diversity and inclusion within NRC RAP
improving American workers’ access to good jobs.(59) and highlight HBCU-specific programs and expertise in
transportation fields. FHWA has conducted informational
interviews with faculty and staff at eight HBCUs—Hampton
University, Howard University, Jackson State University,
Morgan State University, North Carolina A&T State
As part of a plan to engage historically Black colleges
University, Prairie View A&M University, Tennessee State
and universities (HBCUs) in research, FHWA conducted
University, and Florida A&M University. FHWA has
outreach to inform HBCU faculty and students about the
organized findings and created a list of action items to
NRC (formerly the National Research Council) Research
continue HBCU engagement.
Associateship Program (RAP) at FHWA and promote
access to research at TFHRC. FHWA aims to establish and
26

ELCSI–PFS: FHWA InfoBridge™:

https://highways.dot.gov/research/safety/evaluations- https://infobridge.fhwa.dot.gov/
low-cost-safety-improvements-pooled-fund-study/
evaluations-low-cost-safety-improvements-
Transportation Pooled Fund Project TPF-5(283):
pooled-fund-study-elcsi%E2%80%93pfs
https://highways.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/
docs/research/publications/multimedia/2516/
Complete Streets:
trb2014pooledfundupdate.pdf
https://www.transportation.gov/
mission/health/complete-streets
FHWA NEPA Assignment:
https://www.environment.fhwa.dot.
Pavements:
gov/nepa/assignment.aspx
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/
FAF:
LTBP:
https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/faf/
https://highways.dot.gov/research/long-
term-infrastructure-performance/ltbp/
National Household Travel Survey:
long-term-bridge-performance
https://nhts.ornl.gov/
LTPP:
C&P Report:
https://highways.dot.gov/research/long-
term-infrastructure-performance/ltpp/ https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/23cpr/
long-term-pavement-performance
R&T Evaluation Program:

FHWA InfoMaterials™:
https://highways.dot.gov/research/research-
https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/InfoMaterials development/rt-performance-evaluation/rt-evaluation
27
THE FHWA R&T STORY
Conclusion
FHWA R&T innovations strive to ensure the traveling

public’s safety, stimulate economic growth, promote
equity, reduce climate impacts, and foster transformational
technologies. From testing new countermeasures to
protecting pedestrians to accelerating bridge construction on
high-volume roads to developing policy recommendations
from the NHTS, FHWA is engaged in numerous innovative
activities that have a tangible impact on the safe, equitable
movement of people and goods. Despite the challenges the
country faces, FHWA’s spirit of innovation and collaboration
with partners will ensure that the transportation system
advances the Nation’s economic recovery and a better future FHWA’s leadership and formation of strategic partnerships help
advance mobility and economic opportunity across the country.
for all.
Above, workers construct Jeff Todd Way, a new connector
road built through a collaborative effort between FHWA; the
U.S. Army; the Virginia DOT; and Fairfax County, VA.
© 2014 Jeff Todd Project Construction.
References
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32
Recommended citation: Federal Highway Administration, The FHWA R&T
Story: Innovating the Future of Transportation (Washington, DC: 2022)
https://doi.org/10.21949/1521726.
Publication No. FHWA-HRT-22-035
HRT-01/01-22(200)E
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THE FHWA R&T STORY

Innovating the Future

© 2015 USchools / iStock.

Introduction: Innovations for a Better Future .................................................................2

Accelerating Implementation of Technologies to Meet Future Highway

Providing Clear Benefits to the Public............................................................................ 18

• Accelerate implementation of technologies to meet

Addressing the Critical Needs of the

Pedestrian Safety Original map: © Esri, HERE, Garmin, NGA, USGS.

Another FHWA study relied on geospatial technologies to

Exploratory Advanced Research

FHWA’s Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) Program

TRANSFORMING THE WAY SOCIETY MOVES

been employed over the years. Almost all rely on measuring

BUILDING FOR A BETTER FUTURE WITH

For More Information

Construction workers make progress on rehabilitating two bridges in Arizona.

TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT PROGRAMS

Every Day Counts State Transportation Accelerated Advanced

Virtual public involvement is an innovative form of

State Transportation Innovation Council

activities help FHWA understand the complex challenges

RECYCLED PLASTIC MINI-ROUNDABOUTS

CRADA AS A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOOL

FHWA’s Accelerated Implementation and Deployment

One specific research area supported through the AID-PT

options on the Nation’s roadways. State and local agencies

FHWA deploys MCTCs like this one to provide hands-on

FHWA provides resources to support multimodal deployments,

For More Information

EDC: Data-Driven Strategies for Managing

Virtual public involvement:

Performance Engineered Pavements:

Providing Clear Benefits to the Public

Safety is FHWA’s top priority, and FHWA works with its

Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study” (ELCSI-PFS), a

Each study under the ELCSI-PFS aims to provide a CMF

• Including pedestrian countdown signals reduced

• Converting a conventional intersection to a restricted

• Adding profiled thermoplastic pavement markings

ELCSI-PFS has demonstrated clear benefits for a variety of

With its Complete Streets initiative, FHWA aims to make

KEEPING EVERYONE SAFE

An additional resource is FHWA’s report Accessible Infrastructure Benefits

• LTPP InfoPave™ is a web portal that meets a primary

These research efforts focus on improving infrastructure

As part of this approach, FHWA originally developed an

The tool makes it easier for project managers, environmental

public through improved data analysis. State and local

R&T Evaluation Program 2,400 Roundabouts installed

FHWA initiated the R&T Evaluation Program in 2014 BILLION

to assess and communicate the benefits of FHWA’s R&T 38,000–53,000

resources efficiently and effectively. With the passing of

STIMULATING ECONOMIC GROWTH

For More Information

ELCSI–PFS: FHWA InfoBridge™:

R&T Evaluation Program:

FHWA R&T innovations strive to ensure the traveling

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