Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE BY PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH
RECYCLED PLASTIC
Mr. A. KARTHIK, GAMINI THILAK HEMANTH KUMAR, MUNIKUNTLA MADHAVA NATH GOUD, RATHOD SWATHI
Asst. professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
1
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
2
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
3
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— In this paper we are using recycled plastic granules wastes require large areas of land for storage and cannot be
because plastic is a non-biodegradable material and it is hazardous
fully recycled at once Every year, approximately 6.5 billion
tons of plastic waste and discarded rubber are generated
to the environment so to decrease the land pollution caused by the globally; the disposal of these plastics poses a considerable
plastic we are using them in concrete to increase the strength. threat to the environment due to their long degradation
periods from different perspectives, waste reuse is important
Disposal of used plastics is one of the major problems faced in the
because it helps to recycle and conserve energy in the
present era of world. Day by day the the usage of plastic is production process, reduces environmental pollution, and
increasing. The non-biodegradability of plastic makes it very helps sustain and conserve non-renewable natural
resources Using plastic waste in the materials industry is an
harmful to the environment. In this work to reduce waste plastic
environmental solution to minimize the proportion of
we partially replacing the fine aggregate by recycled plastic landfills used in waste incineration studies have shown that
granules at 2%,4%,6%, 8% in M30 grade of concrete. The plastic can be used in concrete this type of material has
become a major research subject in recent years
compressive, split tensile strengths are determined after 7 day and
28 days of water curing. II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Key Words: Eco-friendly concrete, environmental solution, Fine
[1] “Recycled Plastics as Coarse Aggregate for
aggregate, recycled plastic.
Structural Concrete”: Praveen Mathew, Shibi Varghese,
Thomas Paul, Eldho Varghese (2013)
I. INTRODUCTION The use of plastic is increasing day by day, although steps
Plastic is a very common material in our day to day life. were taken to reduce its consumption. This creates
Lack of proper disposal methods for waste plastic is one of substantial garbage every day which is much unhealthy. A
the hazards faced by the present world. Because of the non- healthy and sustainable reuse of plastics offers a host of
biodegradability it causes the environmental pollution. The advantages.
use of waste or recycled plastic in concrete in an effective
manner can reduce the pollution to a certain extent. [2] “Recycled plastics used as coarse aggregate for
Solid waste is one of the many factors that negatively affect constructional concrete” SJB Institute of Technology,
the environment. Problems stem from factors such as Bangalore
difficulty of waste recycling and limited reuse. Plastic is an Landfill sites are becoming overcrowded and expensive for
important type of solid waste with a strong environmental waste disposal, efforts are made to minimize the quantities
impact. This study aims to investigate the effects of utilising of materials that are delivered to landfills. The threat due to
low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a partial substitute for leaching of non-biodegradable materials like waste plastics,
sand in concrete. The effects of this material on the physical scrap tyres. E-waste may contaminate the soil and ground
and mechanical properties of concrete were examined. water
Concrete was cast to determine the behaviour of fresh and
hardened concrete in terms of workability, unit [3] “Studies on Concrete containing E plastic waste”
weight, compressive strength. Lakshmi.R, K.L.N.College of Information Technology,
Increasing consumption of various types of plastic Sivagangai Nagan.S, Thiagarajar College of
products is one of the most important challenges in Engineering, Madurai (2010)
environmental protection. Large quantities of plastic waste Utilization of waste materials and by-products is a partial
and low biodegradability of these quantities negatively affect solution to environmental and ecological problems. Use of
the environment. All types of plastic used by humans in daily these materials not only helps in getting them utilized in
life eventually becomes waste; several tons of these plastic cement, concrete and other construction materials, it helps in

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

www.jespublication.com Page 581
Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

reducing the cost of cement and concrete manufacturing, but Water:-

also has numerous indirect benefits such as reduction in Water is essential for concrete production. Concrete needs
land•fill cost, saving in energy, and protecting the water to form a strong bond with sand and gravel. If there is
environment from possible pollution effects too much water, the mixture will become too wet and
harden before it sets. If there is too little water, the mixture
[4] “Utilization of e-waste and plastic bottle waste in won't hold together properly. To ensure that the mix stays
concrete” Ankit Arora, UG student, Dr. Urmil V. Dave, workable, you need to add an appropriate amount of water.
Senior Professor, Institute of Technology, Nirma You also need to keep an eye out for any signs of bleeding,
University,Ahmedabad (2013) which could indicate that the mix is too dry.
E-waste and plastic waste are the major problem in today
scenario as these are non- biodegradable. Attempts were
Test details
made in past to use them in concrete by grinding them. But
it failed to give good strength because grinded particle has A. Compressive strength test
flattened shape. Grinded plastic and e waste mixed with The compressive strength test is used to determine the
concrete is a good way to dispose them with cheap concrete strength of concrete. The sample dimensions are
production. 150mm×150mm×150mm. Generally compressive strength
III. MATERIALS USED conducted on samples of concrete at 3days, 7days, 14days,
28days, 56days and 90days. In this project, the compressive
Cement :- strength test performed at 7days and 28days. The procedure
Cement is one the major component in the manufacturing of compressive strength followed in this project according to
process of concrete. It has the property to stick to any other IS-516:1959. The compressive strength conducted on 3
raw material added in the preparation process of concrete, samples for each temperature condition cured of concrete.
especially when comes in contact with water and hence The values of every sample cube cured under different
produces a good paste. Here, OPC 53 grade cement is used . temperatures were noted. The average values of 3 samples
of concrete taken as final value of strength.
Coarse aggregates :- Compressive Strength (N/mm2) = Failure load/cross
Coarse aggregate is another fundamental raw material which sectional area.
gives strength, hardness and increases the volume of the 𝜎 = 𝑃/𝐴
concrete. Here, coarse aggregate of size 20 mm and angular Where, P=Applied load, A= Cross-sectional Area
crushed shape is chosen

Fine aggregate:-
Sand is a type of rock that is made up of tiny grains of stone
or other minerals. Sand is often used in construction because
it is easy to shape and mold into any desired form. Sand is
also used in making glass, ceramics, paper, paint, cosmetics,
and pharmaceuticals.

Platic Granules:-
The thermoplastic LDPE (low-density polyethylene) is
manufactured from the monomer ethylene. Imperial
Chemical Industries (ICI) produced the first grade of
polyethylene in 1933 using a high-pressure free radical
polymerization technique. The same procedure is still used
to make it now. According to the Environmental Protection
Agency, 3.3.7 per cent of LDPE (recycling number 4) is
recycled. LDPE remains a popular plastic grade despite
competition from more contemporary polymers .The global
LDPE market reached a volume of roughly $1 billion in
2013. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is
a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene. It was the Figure 1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING
first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by Imperial MACHINE
Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process
via free radical polymerization. Its manufacture employs the
B. Split tensile strength test
same method today. The EPA estimates 5.7% of LDPE
(resin identification code 4) is recycled in the United Split tensile strength is applying a diametric compressive
States. Despite competition from more modern polymers, load along the entire length until failure occurs. This loading
LDPE continues to be an important plastic grade. In 2013 induces tensile stresses on the plane containing the applied
the worldwide LDPE market reached a volume of about load and compressive stresses in the area around the applied
US$33 billion. load. In this experiment, split tensile strength test is
performed for 7&28 days on the cylinders. The procedure

www.jespublication.com Page 582

Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

for split tensile strength is followed according to IS

5816:1999. Compressive strength for 7 Days
30

24.44
24.06
23.33
25

21.4
20

20

20

20
20

load
15

10

Figure 2: SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST 5

Split rigidity was determined by conducting split tensile
strength test.
𝑆 = 2𝑃/𝜋𝐷𝐿
0
Where, P = Failure Load (KN), D = Diameter of Specimen
(150 mm), L = Length of Specimen (300 mm) 0% & 2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8%

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Normal Replaced

S. NO % OF AVERAGE AVERAGE SPLIT

PLASTIC COMPRESSIVE TENSILE
GRANULES STRENGTH STRENGTH
(N/MM2) (N/MM2) Compressive Strength 28 DAYS
7 DAYS 28 7 DAYS 28 40

35.7
DAYS DAYS 31.6
35
29.62

29.07

1 0% 20 27.4 1.56 2.4

27.4

27.4

27.4

30 27.4
2 2% 21.4 29.62 1.7 2.61
25
3 4% 23.33 29.07 1.66 2.68
load

20
4 6% 24.06 31.6 1.8 2.54
15
5 8% 24.44 35.7 1.89 2.61
10

0
0% &2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8%

Normal Replaced

www.jespublication.com Page 583

Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

strength also decreases. From the results, the 28 days

Spli Tensile strength For 7 Days compressive strength for 0% is 27.4 MPa, 2% is 29.62
MPa, 4% is 29.07 MPa, 6% is 31.6 MPa,8% is 35.7
2 1.89
1.8 MPa . It clearly shows that if we increase the
1.8 1.7 1.66
1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 percentage of plastics
1.6  It has been found that replacing sand by 2 % of plastic
1.4 sand is substituted by 14.48 Kg .Replacing sand by 4
1.2 % of plastic sand is substituted by 14.19 kg. Replacing
1 sand by 6 % of plastic sand is substituted by 13.89 Kg
,Replacing sand by 8% Plastic sand is substituted by
0.8
13.6 kg.So, when it would be used in large scale in
0.6
construction site, there would be a significant way to
0.4 control this huge amount of plastic
0.2  From the literature survey we are concluding that in
0 the fine aggregate the optimum replacement of plastic
0% & 2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8% can be up to 8% . Beyond that if we increase the
percentage of plastic it may leads to decrease in the
Normal Replaced strength of the plastic

REFERENCES
Split Tensile Strength for 28 days  International Journal of Engineering &
2.75 Technology, 7 (4.20) (2018) 449-452
2.7 2.68
 D. Aditya Sai Ram, Ch. Surendra Reddy ISSN:
2.65 2.61 2.61
2349-084
2.6
2.54
2.55  Pankaj Thakur, Khushpreet SinghVolume: 05
2.5 Issue: 03 Mar-2018 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2.45 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
 International Research Journal of Engineering and
2.4
2.35 Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume:
2.3 08 Issue: 07 July 2021 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2.25
0% & 2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8%  International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN:
Normal Replaced
2395-0072 Volume: 08 Issue: 04 Apr 2021
 Indian J. Sci. Res. 17 (1): 100-106, 2017
CONCLUSION  International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 3,
The experimental findings show the usage of waste
plastic materials in making mortar/concrete can provide an Issue 1, January 2014
alternative solution for minimizing the environmental
 International Journal of Civil Architectural
impacts of disposing waste plastics. The following
conclusions were made. Structural and Construction Engineering Volume: 8
 The physical properties and compressive strength of
No: 3, 2014
concrete with different plastic contents (0%,2%, 4%,
6% and 8%) were tested.  Sun Mingqing (1999) “Thermal self -monitoring of
 The waste plastic used for the experiment is made of
carbon fibre reinforced concrete”, Cement and
LDPE (low density polyethylene), the size is less than
4.5 mm, and the specific gravity of the waste plastic is Concrete Research vol.no. 29 (1999) PP. 769 –
0.92.
771.
 Comparing the compressive strength of the test
concrete with that of ordinary concrete it was found  Dragos-Marian Bontea (2000) “Damage in carbon
that the compressive strength of concrete with plastic
fibre-reinforced concrete, monitored by electrical
waste mixtures up to 8% (replacing fine aggregate)
was up to 10%. resistance measurement”, Cement and Concrete
 With the increase in percentage of plastics that is used
Research vol.no. 30 (2000), PP 651659
as a partial replacement of sand the compressive

www.jespublication.com Page 584

Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

 Mingqing Sun (2000) “Piezoelectric properties of  Umit Serdar Camli and Baris Binici (2007)
carbon fibre reinforced concrete and plain cement “Strength of carbon fibre reinforced polymers
paste during dynamic loading”, Cement and bonded to concrete and masonry”, Construction
Concrete Research vol.no.30 (2000) PP.1593-1595 and Building Materials vol.no. 21 (2007) PP.1431
 Zeng- Qiang Shi and D. D. L. Chung (1999) – 1446
“Carbon fibre-reinforced concrete for traffic
monitoring and weighing in motion”, Cement and
Concrete Research Vol.no. 29 (1999) PP.435 – 439

www.jespublication.com Page 585