NOBLE HALL LEADERSHIP ACADEMY FOR GIRLS ABUJA

SPRING TERM MOCK 2 EXAMINATION

2023/2024 SESSION
CLASS: YEAR 11
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HISTORY 0470/12
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Paper 1 September 2023

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2 hours
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You must answer on the question paper.

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INSTRUCTIONS
Answer three questions.
Section A (Core Content) Answer any two questions.
Section B (Depth Studies) Answer any one question.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

© NH 2023
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SECTION A: CORE CONTENT

Answer any two questions from this Section.

1 The authorities were eventually able to deal with the 1848 revolutions.

(a) What happened during the uprising in Vienna in October 1848? [4]

(b) Why did the ‘June Days’ take place? [6]

(c) ‘The European revolutions of 1848–49 achieved very little.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2 During the 1860s Bismarck was the key figure in Prussia.

(a) Describe how Bismarck became Minister-President in 1862. [4]

(b) Why was the issue of the Spanish Succession important? [6]

(c) ‘Bismarck planned the war with Austria.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your
answer. [10]

3 Tensions between North and South continued for decades in the USA.

(a) Describe the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. [4]

(b) Why were carpetbaggers unpopular in the South during the Reconstruction period? [6]

(c) ‘The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was the most important cause of the Civil War.’ How far do you
agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

4 A variety of different factors helped lead to the First World War.

(a) What were dreadnoughts? [4]

(b) Why was the Bosnian Crisis of 1908–09 important? [6]

(c) Which of the two Moroccan crises was more of a danger to international peace? Explain your answer.
[10]
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5 The League of Nations faced many challenges.

(a) What was the Hoare-Laval Pact of 1935? [4]

(b) Why was the Depression important for the League of Nations? [6]

(c) ‘The response of the League of Nations to Japanese actions in Manchuria was surprising.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

6 A number of factors in the 1930s made war increasingly likely.

(a) Describe the increasing militarism of Japan in the 1930s. [4]

(b) Why was the Treaty of Versailles important for Hitler’s foreign policy? [6]

(c) Is it surprising that Britain and France went to war over Poland, but not over Czechoslovakia? Explain
your answer. [10]

7 During the Cold War problems for the Soviets broke out across much of Eastern Europe.

(a) Describe the events that led to the revolt in Hungary in 1956. [4]

(b) Why did many Germans dislike the Berlin Wall? [6]

(c) ‘The authorities in Poland dealt effectively with Solidarity.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

8 From 1979 to 1991 much attention was focused on Iran and Iraq.

(a) Describe the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. [4]

(b) Why did the USA react in the way that it did to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait? [6]

(c) ‘Iran and Iraq suffered equally from the Iran-Iraq War.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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SECTION B: DEPTH STUDIES

Answer any one question from this Section.

DEPTH STUDY A: THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914–18

9 In the first few months, the First World War was a war of movement.

(a) Describe the actions of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in the first month of the war. [4]

(b) Why were the changes made to the Schlieffen Plan important? [6]

(c) ‘The first Battle of Ypres was the most important battle on the Western Front in 1914.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

10 Much of the fighting on the Western Front was conducted in trenches.

(a) What was ‘trench foot’? [4]

(b) Why was the Battle of Verdun important to the Allies? [6]

(c) ‘New types of weapons had little impact in the trench warfare of the Western Front.’ How far do you
agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]
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DEPTH STUDY B: GERMANY, 1918–45

11 There were many factors that helped the Nazis rise to power.

(a) Describe the role of Goebbels in the Nazi Party during the 1920s. [4]

(b) Why did the economy of the Weimar Republic collapse so quickly after 1929? [6]

(c) ‘The Enabling Act was the most important reason why Hitler was able to consolidate his power
by 1934.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

12 The Nazi government tried to control every part of German society.

(a) Describe Nazi policies towards the churches in Germany. [4]

(b) Why did the Nazi master race theory lead to the persecution of certain groups in German society?

[6]

(c) How successful was the Nazi government in controlling the German people? Explain your answer.
[10]

© UCLES 2022 [Turn over

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DEPTH STUDY C: RUSSIA, 1905–41

13 Tsar Nicholas II was not a popular ruler.

(a) What were the features of the Tsar’s Russification policy? [4]

(b) Why was the 1905 Revolution important? [6]

(c) ‘By 1916 the main reason for the Tsar’s unpopularity was Rasputin.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

14 When he came to power Stalin was determined to make important changes.

(a) Describe what replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the late 1920s. [4]

(b) Why did Stalin’s policies bring about changes in the lives of Soviet women? [6]

(c) ‘Stalin changed Soviet agriculture for political rather than economic reasons.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]
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DEPTH STUDY D: THE UNITED STATES, 1919–41

15 Some people did well in the 1920s, others did not.

(a) What were sharecroppers? [4]

(b) Why were many American farmers in the 1920s producing more than they could sell? [6]

(c) How far was the car industry responsible for America’s economic boom of the 1920s? Explain your
answer. [10]

16 The New Deal was not a complete success.

(a) Who was Huey Long? [4]

(b) Why was unemployment still high at the end of the 1930s? [6]

(c) ‘The first and second New Deals were very different.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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DEPTH STUDY E: CHINA, c.1930–c.1990

17 There were reforms in China in the 1950s.

(a) What were collective farms? [4]

(b) Why did Mao introduce social reforms in the 1950s? [6]

(c) How far were the difficulties of the Great Leap Forward due to the introduction of backyard furnaces?
Explain your answer. [10]

18 China experienced much change over the years.

(a) Describe what happened to the education system in China during the Cultural Revolution. [4]

(b) Why did people in China feel the way they did about the Gang of Four? [6]

(c) How different was China under Deng compared with China under Mao? Explain your answer.
[10]
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DEPTH STUDY F: SOUTH AFRICA, c.1940–c.1994

19 Before 1948 the lives of black South Africans were very restricted.

(a) Describe how the pass system worked in South Africa before 1948. [4]

(b) Why did many black South Africans work in the migrant labour system? [6]

(c) ‘Between 1919 and 1945 the South African economy depended on gold mining.’ How far do you
agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

20 By the mid-1980s apartheid was coming to an end.

(a) Describe the contribution made by Oliver Tambo to the fall of apartheid. [4]

(b) Why did Mandela face opposition from some black South Africans during his discussions with de
Klerk in the early 1990s? [6]

(c) How far did the State of Emergency called by Botha in 1985 help the government to stay in control?
Explain your answer. [10]

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DEPTH STUDY G: ISRAELIS AND PALESTINIANS SINCE 1945

21 Palestine saw much violence after the Second World War.

(a) Who was David Ben-Gurion? [4]

(b) Why was there a Jewish insurgency in Palestine between 1944 and 1948? [6]

(c) How surprising was the defeat of the Arab states in the war of 1948–49? Explain your answer.
[10]

22 Israel and the Arab states found it difficult to live together peacefully.

(a) Who was Moshe Dayan? [4]

(b) Why did President Sadat decide to go to war against Israel in 1973? [6]

(c) Who benefited most from the war of 1956? Explain your answer. [10]
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