A Smart Eyeglasses Sensor Technology for the Driver’s Safety Based on Arduino

A research paper presented to the faculty of

Samal National High School
Senior High School

In partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the subject
Research/Capstone Projec

By
Baltazar, Bernard Gabriel III M.
Maligro, Aimie M.
Sumandal, Marnelie M.

April 2024
I. Introduction

A smart eyeglasses sensor is developing smart connected glasses, a wearable

device designed for e-Health and driver safety applications that embeds a driver
drowsiness detection application Morawej, et al. (2002). According to Jung Chang, et
al. (2018) In order to improve road safety, this article suggests a wearable smart glass-
based system for detecting drowsiness and weariness. A set of wearable smart glasses,
an in-car infotainment telematics platform, an automobile diagnostic bridge based on
on-board diagnostics-II, an active vehicle rearlight alert mechanism, and cloud-based
management platform make up the suggested system.

According to James Horne and LA Reyner (1995) During boring driving

circumstances, a significant number of car accidents are caused by drivers falling
asleep at the wheel. There's a big chance of major injury or death for drivers. One of
the main factors contributing to traffic accidents in recent years has been driver
fatigue, which can result in serious injuries, fatalities, and large financial losses.
Empirical data suggests that a dependable method for detecting driver drowsiness is
necessary in order to warn drivers before accidents occur Sahayadhas, et al. (2012).

Promising developments in embedded technologies could help identify

important thresholds of driver drowsiness in real-time and monitor and describe the
alertness of drivers. Although some long-lasting solutions have long been in prototype
form, many of these technologies are currently in various stages of research,
validation testing, or even commercialization Messaoud Doudou, et al. (2020).

A. Literature Review

One of the main factors contributing to the steadily rising number of human-
centered car crashes is irresponsible driving. Furthermore, relatively few additional
inquiries are conducted to ascertain the true reasons of these events because there is a
dearth of real-time documentation. This paper's main goal is to build a few sensor-
based black box systems that will help us prevent traffic accidents by continuously
providing the driver with precise instructions. It will upload the evidence to its server
for additional processing at the same time. First off, this black box system has many
different sensors, such as RFID, alcohol sensors, LIDAR, and cameras. Additionally,
this technology provides a way to determine how sleepy the driver is. A monitor
situated immediately in front of the driver's seat will display all of the information.
Finally, GPS and GSM will be used to send information about the vehicle's location
and condition to the appropriate authority

By controlling the vehicle's speed, these devices will protect and secure our
safety. We use ultrasonic sensors, smoke sensors (MQ2), flashing sensors, and other
sensors to protect the vehicle. The device will regulate speed and avert collisions if a
car unexpectedly strikes a road and applies the brakes. Additionally, it notifies and
shows the driver when it is about to enter sleep mode while they are operating a motor
vehicle. Each of these sensors gathers information from its surroundings and transmits
it to the ATmega328P microprocessor, which then performs the necessary action
automatically. We shall keep a watch on the driver's eyes with the aid of an infrared
sensor. A smoke sensor will detect a random short circuit in any area of the engine,
turn on the driver's warning mode, and cause the car to stop. The vehicle's speed is
detected by an ultrasonic sensor, which also immediately reduces it to zero Afsha
Akkalkot, et al. (2023).

The invention of computing technology has made it possible to create

intelligent car systems. One possible use for intelligent car systems is drowsy driver
detection systems. Previous methods of detecting tiredness mostly focus on blink rate,
eye closure, and yawning, and assume certain important behaviors. Here, we use
machine learning to mine real-world human behavior during periods of fatigue. Using
machine learning on a different database of natural expressions, 30 facial actions from
the Facial Action Coding system were automatically classified. These facial gestures
include yawning and blinking in addition to several other face expressions.
Additionally, an accelerometer and automated eye tracking were used to record head
motion.
B. Statement of the Problem

The primary objectives of this research is to develop and evaluate a Smart

Eyeglasses Sensor Technology for the Driver’s Safety.

Consequently, this sought to answer the following questions:

1.How can the Smart Eyeglasses Sensor Technology for the Driver’s Safety be
described in terms of:

1.1 Mechanism of Technology

1.2 Protection of driver’s safety
1.3 Functionality of the smart eyeglasses sensor.

2. How a smart eyeglasses sensor technology will benefit for the driver’s safety?

C. Theoretical Framework

Tracking devices for fitness and other smart electronic devices have opened up
a world of opportunities for improving everyone's standard of life. Without assistance
from others, visually impaired individuals usually struggle to find their way around in
huge situations or manage a new area. The design space for technological aids that
benefit the blind is difficult and requires a wide range of design criteria, such as
affordability, lightweight design, transparent object detection, hands-free
functionality, fast speeds operations in real time, low battery consumption, and
limited calculation and memory requirements.

D. Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Sensor Arduino
Technology Controlled

E. Significance of the Study

This research is conducted to benefit to the following:

Driver. This study helps drivers to have a safer trip, because even in the middle of
the trip they will no longer feel sleepy. Through this, the eye glasses detect a person
or driver if they are sleepy and when they close their eyes, the glasses will make a
sound to prevent drivers from falling asleep during the trip.

People with sleep disorder. This is very helpful for people with sleep disorders,
because they can now control or stop their sleep if they want to. This will also give
them more time to do the things they need to do that they usually can't do with their
sleep disorder. Because this study can help prevent a person from falling asleep
simply by making a sound when this mirror detects that a person is sleepy.

Future Researcher. This outcome of the study is beneficial to the future researchers.
The study may be one of the bases that a new theory in learning will use.

F. Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this research is to developed and evaluate a Smart

eyeglasses sensor technology for the driver’s safety. To determine if a smart
eyeglasses sensor will effectively regulate to driver’s drowsiness. To have safe
driving and to avoid any tragedy.

Smart
G. Materials and Method Eyeglasse
s Sensor
 Based on our problem statement we have created a prototype to implement a
smart eyeglasses sensor technology considering all aspect of drivers. The main
components of the project are Arduino UNO, technology sensor and eyeglasses.
Using ARDUINO IDE software we can program ARDUINO in such that it detect the
drivers drowsiness based on the sensor provided by sensor technology. When the
driver’s are sleepy, the smart eyeglasses automatically detect the driver drowsiness,
and the smart eyeglasses is automatically make a sound to wake up the driver’s
immediately.

a.ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino UNO is

the best board to get started
with electronics and coding. It
utilizes a Microchip
Atmega328P microcontroller
and offers 14 digital pins,6
analog pins and a rest pin
programing is done through
the Arduino IDE using a
type B USB cable. The
board will be programmed to sense the drowsiness of driver’s providing driver’s with
notification based on the study and readings.
 Figure 1. Arduino Uno

b. SPARKFUN
ARDUINO PRO MINI
328-5V/MHZ

The Arduino Pro Mini also works with the FTDI cable but the FTDI cable
does not bring out the DTR pin so the auto-reset feature will not work. There is a
voltage regulator on board so it can accept voltage up to 12VDC. If you're supplying
unregulated power to the board, be sure to connect to the "RAW" pin and not VCC.

Figure2.SparkFun Arduino Pro Mini

328 - 5V/16MHz

c. BUZZER

Buzzers can be found in alarm devices, computers, timers and confirmation of

user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
You will also learn how to use tone() and noTone() function.
Figure 3. Buzzer

d. BATTERY, 3.7V

There is probably room for improvement here but this is what I have come up with for
a 3.7 Volt LiPo battery meter. In the picture below I am charging my battery from a 5
volt source.

Figure 3. Battery, 3.7 V

d. BATTERY, 3.7V

There is probably room for improvement here but this is what I have come up
with for a 3.7 Volt LiPo battery meter. In the picture below I am charging my battery
from a 5 volt source.
Figure 4. solar cocroach vibrating disc motor

e. SOLAR COCROACH VIBRATING DISC MOTOR

This motor has a self-adhesive backing which allows it to be attached to

smooth surfaces. We've special ordered this motor to have extra long 6cm wire leads
as well as increased the exposed wire on the ends.

Figure 5. General Purpose Transistor NPN

f. GENERAL PURPOSE TRANSISTOR NPN

Transistor is a small, common NPN BJT transistor used for general purpose
low-power amplifying or High-speed switching applications.

g. RESISTOR 4.75K OHM

The RSF Series Metal Oxide Film Flame-Proof Resistors offer excellent
performance in applications where stability and uniformity of characteristics are
desired. They provide lower cost alternatives to Carbon Composition Resistors and
General Purpose Metal Films. Metal Oxides also can replace many low power
General Purpose wirewound applications, saving both money and time, with shorter
delivery cycles. The normal style & the miniature style of RSF series are coated with
layers of gray and pink colors flame-proof lacquer respectively.

Figure 6. Resistor 4.75k ohm

Reference

Electronics | Free Full-Text | LidSonic for Visually Impaired: Green Machine

Learning-Based Assistive Smart Glasses with Smart App and Arduino (mdpi.com)

E. Vural, M. Cetin, A. Ercil, G. Littlewort, M. Bartlett, and J. Movellan, “Drowsy

driver detection through facial movement analysis,” International Workshop on
Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 4796, 2007.

Nasim Morawej, Nima Boostani, Azadeh Farzin, and Ali Keyvani

2002; Simon Fraser University

Sahayadhas, A., Sundaraj, K., & Murugappan, M.

(2012). Detecting driver drowsiness based on
sensors: a review. Sensors, 12(12), 16937-16953.

Chang, W. J., Chen, L. B., & Chiou, Y. Z. (2018).

Design and implementation of a drowsiness-fatigue-detection system based on
wearable smart glasses to increase road safety. IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, 64(4), 461-469.

Horne, J. A., & Reyner, L. A. (1995). Driver sleepiness. Journal of sleep research, 4,
23-29.

He, J., Choi, W., Yang, Y., Lu, J., Wu, X., & Peng, K. (2017). Detection of driver
drowsiness using wearable devices: A feasibility study of the proximity sensor.
Applied ergonomics, 65, 473-480.

Boostani, N., Farzin, A., Keyvani, A., & Morawej, N. (2002). AutoWake [sleep
prevention deviCe for drivers.