Acoustics

Acoustics
-By Anand Sir

Acoustics
The branch of physics which deals with the design,

generation, transmission and reception of sound waves.
Architectural of Acoustics
• The branch of science which deals with the planning

of building which provides best audible sound to the
audience.
• Earlier civil engineers & Architect have poor
knowledge about consideration of acoustical
properties, very few building used to satisfactory.
• Prof. W.C.Sabine was the first scientist to study the
problem in detail in the year 1910-1911.
Quantities related to Acoustics
Echo
Th same sound heard again &
again after an interval of 1/10th
of second due to the reflection of
original sound from a surface
which is at distance greater than
17 m from surface of sound. Also
called resounding.
Reverberation
• Persistence of sound due to
multiple reflections in hall even
after the source of sound is cut-
off.
• Sound goes on becoming weaker
and weaker after reflection as
part of sound energy is absorbed
by reflecting surface.
Quantities related to Acoustics
Reverberation Time
• The time for which the sound persists in a hall even after
source is cut off is called as reverberation time.
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
𝐴
Where 𝐴 = σ 𝑎𝑆
This is Sabine’s formula.
Absorption coefficient
Sound energy absobed by surface
α=
Total sound enery incident on surface.
Factor affecting the building of Acoustics
Reverberation
• Persistence of sound due to multiple reflections in hall even

after the source of sound is cut-off known as reverberation.
• The perfect reverberation time should be calculated by
Sabine’s formula
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
σ 𝑎𝑆
• The perfect reverberation can be controlled by providing

adequate windows, doors and wall coated with absorbent
material.
• The reverberation time for hall should have proper value
depending upon the type of sound produced, about 1.25 to
2.5 sec. for music & 1 to 2 sec. for speech.
Insufficient Loudness
• Excessive absorption in the hall or lack of reflecting surface
near the source of sound gives insufficient loudness.
• Loudness can be increases by providing low ceiling & large
grounding board behind the speaker & facing the audience.
Focusing
• Presence of spherical or cylindrical surfaces on the wall or
ceiling give rise to undesirable focusing of sound.
• There should not be any curve surface on the wall or ceiling
so as to maintain uniform distribution of sound.
Echelon Effect
• Railing, balcony, steps may produced musical notes and
making confusion in original sound, such effect is called
echelon effect.
• It can be controlled by covering steps, railing by carpets,
foam etc. .
External Noise
• External noise may be due to sound received from outside
or inside.
• The noise can be minimized by proper covering of windows,
door, air conditioning pipe by sound absorbent material.
Floors covered by carpet.
Resonance
• Section of wooden portion and walls of lack of rigidity are
set in to forced vibrations and create sound.
• For some note of frequency, there may create resonance
thus intensity of note is entirely different from original one.
• Enclosed air in hall also cause resonance, such vibration
should be suitably damped.
Numericals
The volume of hall is 575m3. the area of wall is 100m2 ,area of
floor and ceiling each is 100m2 . Calculate the reverberation time if
the absorption coefficient for wall ceiling and floor are 0.025,0.02
& 0.55resp.
Given that
V= 575m3
S1= 100m2 S2= 100m2 S3= 100m2
a1=0.025 a2= 0.02 a3= 0.55
σ 𝑎𝑆=a1S1+a2S2+a3S3
=(0.025 X 100)+(0.02 X 100)+(0.55 X100)
=2.5+2+55
=59.5 OWU
0.161 𝑉 0.161×575
𝑡= σ 𝑎𝑆
= =1.55 sec
59.5
Numericals
The volume of hall is 9000m3 and reverberation time is found to be
1.6 sec. Find the total absorption of hall also find the reverberation
time if hall is covered with carpet and total absorption is found to
be increases by 200 sabin.
Given that
V= 9000m3 t=1.6 sec
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
σ 𝑎𝑆
0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 9000
෍ 𝑎𝑆 = =
𝑡 1.6
෍ 𝑎𝑆 = 905.625 𝑂𝑊𝑈
The volume of hall with the carpet absorption increases by 200

Sabin
0.161×9000
𝑡= =1.31 sec
905.625+200
Numericals
A class room has dimension of 20 X 15 X 5m3. The reverberation
time is 3.5 sec calculate total absorption of the surface.
Given that
V= 20 X 15 X 5 m3 t=3.5 sec
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
σ 𝑎𝑆
0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 20 × 15 × 5
෍ 𝑎𝑆 = =
𝑡 3.5
෍ 𝑎𝑆 = 69 𝑚2
Numericals
A hall of volume 2500 m3 Thas reverberation time 2 sec.if the
absorbing surface area is 1600 m2 find the coefficient of
absorption.
Given that
V= 2500 m3 t=2 sec S=1600 m2
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
𝑎𝑆
0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 2500

𝑎= =
𝑡𝑆 2 × 1600
𝑎 = 0.12
Numericals
A hall of volume 6000 m3 with reverberation time 2 sec. if the
coefficient absorption is 0.12 find the absorbing surface area.
Given that
V= 6000 m3 t=2 sec a=0.12
0.161 𝑉
𝑡=
𝑎𝑆
0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 6000

𝑆= =
𝑎𝑡 0.12 × 2
𝑆 = 4025 𝑚2

Acoustics

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Acoustics

-By Anand Sir

The branch of physics which deals with the design,

• The branch of science which deals with the planning

• Persistence of sound due to multiple reflections in hall even

• The perfect reverberation can be controlled by providing

The volume of hall with the carpet absorption increases by 200

0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 2500

0.161 𝑉 0.161 × 6000

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