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sfdgdfhjgtfkhgkhkhkobjective of this study is to investigate the consumption-based

CO2 effects of the renewable energy consumption and technological innovation,


alongside income and international trade in the theoretically grounded framework and
propose policy insights that would be useful for the reduction of carbon emissions.

As a case of this study, we considered the BRICS countries. There are many reasons
for considering these economies. First, the BRICS countries are home to 42% of the
global population, which is csdzfvdgvdgdalmost over 3 billion people as per the United
Nations world population report (United Nation, 2017). With such a large population,
there is a huge potential for economic growth and international trade. The economic
growth of BRICS countries is growing fast with 51.3% contribution to the global
economy merely from 2008 to 2018 (He et al., 2020). Besides economic growth, their
contribution to total world trade reached 16.4% from 11.8% during 2008–2018 (He et
al., 2020).

Second, the BRICS countries consumed 40% of the total global primary energy consumption in
2018. Moreover, the BRICS countries consumed 66.8%, 30.8%, 25.2%, 24.4%, and 19.5% of
global coal, wind energy, oil, solar energy, and natural gas, respectively. In terms of energy
production, there isjgfjnhfdhdhjndfhdf

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