VIrtuaIIzatIon

Today's 86 comuicr Iardwarc was dcsigncd io run a singlc

ocraiing sysicm and a singlc alicaiion, lcaving mosi macIincs
vasily undcruiilizcd. Viriualizaiion lcis you run muliilc viriual
macIincs on a singlc Iysical macIinc, wiiI cacI viriual macIinc
sIaring iIc rcsourccs of iIai onc Iysical comuicr across muliilc
cnvironmcnis. Diffcrcni viriual macIincs can run diffcrcni
ocraiing sysicms and muliilc alicaiions on iIc samc Iysical
comuicr. WIilc oiIcrs arc lcaing aloard iIc viriualizaiion
landwagon now, VMwarc is iIc marlci lcadcr in viriualizaiion. Our
iccInology is roduciion-rovcn, uscd ly morc iIan 170,000
cusiomcrs, including 100% of iIc Foriunc 100.
How Does VIrtuaIIzatIon Work?
TIc VMwarc viriualizaiion laiform is luili on a lusincss-rcady
arcIiicciurc. Usc sofiwarc sucI as VMwarc vSIcrc io iransform or
viriualizc" iIc Iardwarc rcsourccs of an 86-lascd comuicr
including iIc CPU, FAM, Iard disl and nciworl conirollcrio
crcaic a fully funciional viriual macIinc iIai can run iis own
ocraiing sysicm and alicaiions jusi lilc a rcal" comuicr. EacI
viriual macIinc coniains a comlcic sysicm, climinaiing oicniial
conflicis. VMwarc viriualizaiion worls ly inscriing a iIin laycr of
sofiwarc dirccily on iIc comuicr Iardwarc or on a Iosi ocraiing
sysicm. TIis coniains a viriual macIinc moniior or Iycrvisor"
iIai allocaics Iardwarc rcsourccs dynamically and iransarcnily.
Muliilc ocraiing sysicms run concurrcnily on a singlc Iysical
comuicr and sIarc Iardwarc rcsourccs wiiI cacI oiIcr. Dy
cncasulaiing an cniirc macIinc, including CPU, mcmory,
ocraiing sysicm, and nciworl dcviccs, a viriual macIinc is
comlcicly comaiillc wiiI all siandard 86 ocraiing sysicms,
alicaiions, and dcvicc drivcrs. You can safcly run scvcral
ocraiing sysicms and alicaiions ai iIc
samc iimc on a singlc comuicr, wiiI cacI
Iaving acccss io iIc rcsourccs ii nccds wIcn
ii nccds iIcm.
Why Virtualization Matters To Business
and IT Professionals

lor buslnesses Lo Lhrlve Lhey musL adapL Lo meeL Lhe changlng needs
of Lhelr cusLomers 1hey musL also be wellmaLched Lo overcome Lhe
challenges Lhey face dellverlng Lhe rlghL soluLlons aL Lhe rlghL Llme
offerlng someLhlng LhaL ls more aLLracLlve Lo Lhelr cusLomers Lhan a
compeLlng soluLlon Cne word descrlbes Lhe naLure of Lhls klnd of
buslness envlronmenL Jyoomlc 1he ablllLy of your buslness and Lhe
people ln lL noL [usL Lo survlve buL Lhrlve ln Lhe face of Lhese dynamlc
demands ls a funcLlon of Lhe capablllLy and flLness" of Lhe
lnfrasLrucLure of buslness sysLems LhaL underpln and supporL Lhelr
work

uyoomlc JemooJs are Lhose LhaL are lncreaslngly lmmedlaLe varled
and conLlnuously changlng We call sysLems deslgned Lo enable
buslnesses and Lhe people ln Lhem Lo meeL dynamlc demands wlLh a
qulck and effecLlve response Jyoomlc systems And we call
Lechnologles LhaL lnclude such capablllLles Jyoomlc systems
tecbooloqles

Cne of Lhe key elemenLs of Lhe dynamlc sysLems Lechnology sLraLegy
ls vlrLuallzed lnfrasLrucLure vlrLuallzaLlon moblllzes Lhe resources of
Lhe lnfrasLrucLure and beneflLs buslnesses ln Lhe followlng ways

O keduced cost y consolldaLlng server and cllenL resources
and opLlmlzlng provlslonlng drlvlng opLlmlzed server uLlllzaLlon
reduclng unnecessary sysLem complexlLy and efflclenLly managlng
workload operaLlons





nav|ng a v|rtua||zat|on strategy |s
one of the key e|ements of
M|crosoft's Dynam|c Systems
In|t|at|ve

ln order Lo creaLe a dynamlc sysLem
companles need a vlrLuallzaLlon sLraLegy Lo
moblllze Lhe resources of Lhe lnfrasLrucLure Lo
meeL dynamlc buslness demands

1he oLher Lwo archlLecLural elemenLs are
Des|gn for Cperat|ons Lo capLure Lhe dlverse
knowledge of people such as buslness
archlLecLs appllcaLlon developers l1
professlonals and lndusLry parLners by
embeddlng lL wlLhln Lhe l1 lnfrasLrucLure lLself
Lhrough Lhe use of sysLem models
know|edgeDr|ven Management LhaL enables
sysLems Lo capLure deslred sLaLes of
conflguraLlon and healLh ln models and uses
Lhls lnherenL knowledge Lo provlde a level of
selfmanagemenL Lo sysLems

1aken LogeLher Lhese elemenLs are Lhe
foundaLlon for bulldlng dynamlc sysLems
1he goal ls Lo presenL resources Lo Lhe
sysLems LhaL use Lhem as loglcal pools whlch
can be asslgned and reasslgned as buslness
condlLlons change 1he vlslon of MlcrosofL's
uynamlc SysLems lnlLlaLlve vlrLuallzaLlon
sLraLegy ls Lo have pools of dynamlc resources
wlLh effecLlvely unllmlLed capaclLy readlly
avallable Lo users 1hese resources can
perLaln noL only Lo hardware or sofLware
appllcaLlon hosLs buL also Lo neLwork
sLorage and even personnel resources as well
wheLher local or remoLely locaLed permanenL
or Lemporary lnhouse or even ouLsourced Lo
anoLher company




O Increased ava||ab|||ty y reduclng dlsrupLlve evenLs and maxlmlzlng buslness conLlnulLy reduclng
server downLlme slmpllfylng dlsasLer and recovery plannlng and more efflclenLly plannlng and
managlng server malnLenance

O Increased ag|||ty y efflclenLly supporLlng buslness growLh and SLA aLLalnmenL dynamlcally
asslgnlng server resources rapldly deploylng new appllcaLlons and CS and efflclenLly supporLlng
buslnesscrlLlcal legacy appllcaLlons


1o reap Lhe beneflLs of vlrLuallzed lnfrasLrucLure Lechnologles a sLraLegy ls needed Lo gulde declslon and
acLlons for necessary lnfrasLrucLure lnvesLmenLs 1here are a number of vlrLuallzaLlon Lechnology
lnfrasLrucLures Lo choose from and a number of archlLecLural layers Lo conslder when applylng
vlrLuallzaLlon lncludlng machlne appllcaLlon presenLaLlon and Lhe managemenL of Lhese layers CeLLlng
sLarLed on vlrLuallzaLlon wlLhouL havlng a sLraLegy ls llke bulldlng a house wlLhouL a blueprlnL WhaL you
rlsk ls Lhe elemenLs noL addlng up noL flLLlng LogeLher and Lhe resulLs belng less Lhan opLlmal and cosL
effecLlve 1aklng acLlon wlLh a sLraLegy ln hand addresses Lhese rlsks

People and Process are Essential Ingredients in a
Virtualization Strategy

lL ls people enabled by process and Lechnology LhaL dynamlcally orchesLraLe buslnesses and Lhe
lnfrasLrucLure LhaL underplns Lhem Lo drlve Lowards deslred ouLcomes A compleLe vlrLuallzaLlon
sLraLegy requlres a hollsLlc and evoluLlonary approach ln whlch people and process facLors need Lo be
addressed 1hese lnclude culLure mlndseL bellefs skllls sLraLegy measuremenL and meLrlcs
organlzaLlonal sLrucLure and workforce managemenL sysLems









undersLandlng how l1 professlonals beneflL from lnvesLlng ln a vlrLuallzaLlon sLraLegy ls lmporLanL slnce
lL ls people who musL rlse Lo meeL Lhe challenges posed dally by dynamlc buslness demands 1he more
people are enabled by sysLems LhaL can selfmanage Lo adapL Lo changlng buslness demands Lhe more
empowered Lhey wlll be Lo conLrlbuLe Lo Lhe success of Lhe buslness 1hls empowermenL wlll come ln
Lhe form of belng freed up from dolng manual repeLlLlve low value Lasks Lo overcome Lhe llmlLaLlons of
lsolaLed resources Lo do hlgher value work 1hls ls why we have a vlrLuallzaLlon sLraLegy ln place and
why buslness and l1 professlonals ln Lhem need one Loo vlrLuallzaLlon enables a people ready buslness

1he scope of your vlrLuallzaLlon sLraLegy should lnclude Lhese Lhree elemenLs people process and
Lechnology

virtuo/ited lnfrostructure 1echno/oqies
owet tbe tlme cost ooJ effott lovolveJ lo occessloq ooJ osloq tesootces ooJ wbeo
combloeJ wltb koowleJqeJtlveo moooqemeot
octeose tbe tooqe ooJ scope of JemooJs tbe systems tbot Jtow oo vlttoollzeJ
loftosttoctote coo booJle ooJ
octeose o systems copoclty fot octloo by mokloq lt eoslet fot systems to polckly oJJ
temove mlqtote ot cbooqe tbe tesootces tbey Jtow oo to Jo tbelt wotk
1bot ls wby vlttoollzeJ loftosttoctote tecbooloqles ooJ koowleJqeJtlveo moooqemeot ote
tbe foooJotloo fot Jyoomlc systems ooJ ote esseotlol to soppottloq tbe petfotmooce of
bosloesses ooJ tbe people lo tbem
ln Lhe #peop|e" area lL ls lmporLanL Lo conslder Lhe culLure skllls knowledge and mlndseL of
Lhe people how Lhey operaLe lL ls lmporLanL Lo check Lhelr level of preparedness for worklng ln
a vlrLual Leam envlronmenL collaboraLlng elecLronlcally ln decenLrallzed Leams separaLed by
Llme dlsLance language and culLure

ln Lhe #process" area processes llke lncldenL problem change and conflguraLlon managemenL
musL be ad[usLed Lo work wlLh a decenLrallzed vlrLual Leam and l1 lnfrasLrucLure

ln Lhe #techno|ogy" area look aL Lhe appllcaLlon level and examlne whaL Lechnologles llke
SofLCrld can add here where sofLware appllcaLlons are sLreamed Lo users compuLers as Lhey
are needed much llke how elecLrlclLy ls senL Lo users and consumed ondemand 1hls helps Lo
slgnlflcanLly reduce Lhe amounL of appllcaLlon compaLlblllLy LesLlng Lyplcally needed when
deploylng new appllcaLlons upgrades and paLches

&nifying the Conversations about Virtualized Technology

1he flgure below represenLs Lhe layers or Lhe places where some form of vlrLuallzaLlon can be applled ln
an organlzaLlon Lo address a varleLy of scenarlos such as moblle users upLlme sLorage recovery and
backup

As you can see from Lhe flgure we see vlrLuallzaLlon sLraLegy as a layered sLack of capablllLles 1he
layers of Lhe sLack are deLalled ln Lhe paragraphs LhaL follow

I|gure 1 V|rtua||zat|on so|ut|on |ayers

Macbine Layer
1he machlne layer absLracLs hardware from Lhe operaLlng sysLem LhaL runs on lL 1hls allows for
consolldaLlon of mulLlple physlcal machlnes onLo one server LargeLlng Lhose workloads whlch may noL
be fully uLlllzlng lLs presenL compuLlng resources 1hls absLracLlon also allows for greaLer moblllLy and
flexlblllLy ln provlslonlng and mlgraLlng workloads across Lhe vlrLuallzed server farms 1he resulLlng
consolldaLed server reduces admlnlsLraLlon overhead ln addlLlon Lo Lhe savlngs ln power and space
uLlllzaLlon MlcrosofL's vlrLual Server and Wlndows Server ls an example of Lhls
\\ication Layer
ln Lhe appllcaLlon layer Lhe appllcaLlon lLself ls lsolaLed from Lhe operaLlng sysLem and lLs dependence
on sysLem conflguraLlons ls removed 1hese conLalnerlzed" appllcaLlons are noL lnsLalled buL are
managed cenLrally and deployed dlrecLly Lo Lhe user's deskLop ln a conLalned vlrLuallzed lmage LhaL
does noL lnLerfere wlLh or requlre lnLeracLlon wlLh Lhe operaLlng sysLem lLself and oLher appllcaLlons
presenL on Lhe user's deskLop MlcrosofL's SofLCrld allows sofLware appllcaLlons Lo be sLreamed Lo
user's compuLers as Lhey are needed much llke elecLrlclLy ls senL Lo users and consumed on demand
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
L

irtuaization
Strategy


resentation Layer
ln presenLaLlon layer Lhe appllcaLlon ls execuLed ln one locaLlon for example on a server ln a daLa
cenLer and Lhe presenLaLlon layer (user lnLerface) of Lhe appllcaLlon ls absLracLed and Lhen dlsplayed on
a dlfferenL devlce ln a dlfferenL locaLlon 1he appllcaLlon execuLlon and Lhe daLa used are Lhus lsolaLed
from Lhe user's cllenL operaLlng sysLem LlLher remoLe deskLops or remoLe appllcaLlons are provlded Lo
Lhe user Lhe remoLe appllcaLlons can be seamlessly lnLegraLed wlLh Lhe cllenL deskLops and look and
feel llke Lhey are runnlng locally whlle acLually belng lsolaLed ln Lhe daLa cenLer MlcrosofL's 1ermlnal
Servlces Lechnology ls an example of Lhls


Management Layer
1he managemenL of Lhese layers enables l1 admlnlsLraLors Lo rapldly deploy new vlrLual workloads ?ou
can use a Lechnology llke MCM ManagemenL ack for vlrLual Server whlch provldes appllcaLlon and
operaLlons managemenL performance Lunlng monlLorlng and alerLlng and modelbased servlce
orlenLed monlLorlng and probable cause analysls lL also slmpllfles and speeds up Lhe ldenLlflcaLlon of
lssues LhaL Lhe l1 lnfrasLrucLure ls experlenclng Lhrough a cenLrallzed reporLlng faclllLy MlcrosofL's
SysLem CenLer vlrLual Machlne Manager enables a developer or l1 admlnlsLraLor Lo rapldly bulld and
Lear down Lhelr own LesL envlronmenLs wlLhouL lnLervenLlon by Lhe l1 admlnlsLraLor who malnLalns
preclse conLrol over Lhe auLhorlzed users' conflguraLlon and use of vlrLual machlnes WlLh Lhls
Lechnology l1 admlnlsLraLors can provlslon consolldaLe and manage Lhelr vlrLual lnfrasLrucLure rlghL
alongslde Lhelr physlcal machlnes

Virtual machine
A virtuaI machine (VM) is a "completely isolated guest operating system installation within your normal host
operating system".
[1]
Modern virtual machines are implemented with eithersoftware emulation or hardware
virtualization.
A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (i.e. a computer) that executes programs like
a physical machine. Virtual machines are separated into two major categories, based on their use and degree
of correspondence to any real machine. A system virtual machine provides a complete system platform which
supports the execution of a complete operating system (OS). n contrast, a process virtual machine is designed
to run a single program, which means that it supports a single process. An essential characteristic of a virtual
machine is that the software running inside is limited to the resources and abstractions provided by the virtual
machineit cannot break out of its virtual world.
A virtual machine was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as "an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real
machine". Current use includes virtual machines which have no direct correspondence to any real hardware.
[2]

$8tem virtuaI machine8
See also: Hardware virtualization and Comparison of platform virtual machines
System virtual machines
multiple OS environments can co-exist on the same computer, in strong isolation from each other
the virtual machine can provide an instruction set architecture (SA) that is somewhat different from that of
the real machine
application provisioning, maintenance, high availability and disaster recovery
[3]

The main disadvantages of VMs are:
a virtual machine is less efficient than a real machine when it accesses the hardware indirectly
when multiple VMs are concurrently running on the same physical host, each VM may exhibit a varying
and unstable performance (Speed of Execution, and not results), which highly depends on the workload
imposed on the system by other VMs, unless proper techniques are used for temporal isolation among
virtual machines.
Multiple VMs each running their own operating system (called guest operating system) are frequently used in
server consolidation, where different services that used to run on individual machines to avoid interference are
instead run in separate VMs on the same physical machine.
The desire to run multiple operating systems was the original motivation for virtual machines, as it allowed time-
sharing a single computer between several single-tasking Operation Systems. n some respects, a system
virtual machine can be considered a generalization of the concept of virtual memory that historically preceded
it. BM's CP/CMS, the first systems to allow full virtualization, implemented time sharing by providing each user
with a single-user operating system, the CMS. Unlike virtual memory, a system virtual machine allowed the
user to use privileged instructions in their code. This approach had certain advantages, for instance it allowed
users to add input/output devices not allowed by the standard system.
[4]

The guest OSes do not have to be all the same, making it possible to run different OSes on the same computer
(e.g., Microsoft Windows and Linux, or older versions of an OS to support software that has not yet been ported
to the latest version). The use of virtual machines to support different guest OSes is becoming popular
in embedded systems; a typical use is to support a real-time operating system at the same time as a high-level
OS such as Linux or Windows.
Another use is to sandbox an OS that is not trusted, possibly because it is a system under development. Virtual
machines have other advantages for OS development, including better debugging access and faster reboots.
[5]

!roce88 virtuaI machine8
See also: Application virtualization, Run-time system, and Comparison of application virtual machines
A process VM, sometimes called an application virtual machine, runs as a normal application inside a host OS
and supports a single process. t is created when that process is started and destroyed when it exits. ts
purpose is to provide a platform-independent programming environment that abstracts away details of the
underlying hardware or operating system, and allows a program to execute in the same way on any platform.
A process VM provides a high-level abstraction that of a high-level programming language (compared to the
low-level SA abstraction of the system VM). Process VMs are implemented using an interpreter; performance
comparable to compiled programming languages is achieved by the use of just-in-time compilation.
This type of VM has become popular with the Java programming language, which is implemented using
the Java virtual machine. Other examples include the Parrot virtual machine, which serves as an abstraction
layer for several interpreted languages, and the .NET Framework, which runs on a VM called the Common
Language Runtime.
A special case of process VMs are systems that abstract over the communication mechanisms of a (potentially
heterogeneous) computer cluster. Such a VM does not consist of a single process, but one process per
physical machine in the cluster. They are designed to ease the task of programming parallel applications by
letting the programmer focus on algorithms rather than the communication mechanisms provided by the
interconnect and the OS. They do not hide the fact that communication takes place, and as such do not attempt
to present the cluster as a single parallel machine.
Unlike other process VMs, these systems do not provide a specific programming language, but are embedded
in an existing language; typically such a system provides bindings for several languages
(e.g., C and FORTRAN). Examples are PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) and MP (Message Passing nterface).
They are not strictly virtual machines, as the applications running on top still have access to all OS services,
and are therefore not confined to the system model provided by the "VM".


VMwarc
VMware, Inc. (NYSE. VMW} is a comany
roviding viriualizaiion sofiwarc foundcd in 1998 and lascd in Palo
Alio, California, USA. Ii is majorly owncd ly EMC Cororaiion.
VMwarc's dcslio sofiwarc runs on Microsofi Windows, Linu,
and Mac OS X, wIilc VMwarc's cnicrrisc sofiwarc Iycrvisors for
scrvcrs, VMwarc ESX and VMwarc ESXi, arc larc-mcial cmlcddcd
Iycrvisors iIai run dirccily on scrvcr Iardwarc wiiIoui rcquiring
an addiiional undcrlying ocraiing sysicm.
|4|

VMwarc sofiwarc rovidcs a comlcicly viriualizcd sci of Iardwarc
io iIc gucsi ocraiing sysicm.
|18|
VMwarc sofiwarc viriualizcs iIc
Iardwarc for a vidco adaicr, a nciworl adaicr, and Iard disl
adaicrs. TIc Iosi rovidcs ass-iIrougI drivcrs for gucsi USD,
scrial, and arallcl dcviccs. In iIis way, VMwarc viriual macIincs
lccomc IigIly oriallc lciwccn comuicrs, lccausc cvcry Iosi
lools ncarly idcniical io iIc gucsi. In raciicc, a sysicm
adminisiraior can ausc ocraiions on a viriual macIinc gucsi,
movc or coy iIai gucsi io anoiIcr Iysical comuicr, and iIcrc
rcsumc cccuiion cacily ai iIc oini of suscnsion. Alicrnaiivcly,
for cnicrrisc scrvcrs, a fcaiurc callcd VMoiion allows iIc migraiion
of ocraiional gucsi viriual macIincs lciwccn similar lui scaraic
Iardwarc Iosis sIaring iIc samc sioragc. EacI of iIcsc iransiiions
is comlcicly iransarcni io any uscrs on iIc viriual macIinc ai iIc
iimc ii is lcing migraicd.
VMwarc Produci Family

VMwarc Worlsiaiion
CSX Scrvcr
ESX Scrvcr
VMwarc Playcr
VMwarc Fusion

VMwarc's roducis rcdaic iIc viriualizaiion cicnsions io iIc 86
insiruciion sci, and do noi rcquirc viriualizaiion-cnallcd
roccssors. On sucI oldcr roccssors, iIcy usc iIc CPU io run codc
dirccily wIcncvcr ossillc (as, for camlc, wIcn running uscr-
modc and viriual 8086 modc codc on 86}. WIcn dircci cccuiion
cannoi ocraic, sucI as wiiI lcrncl-lcvcl andrcal-modc codc,
VMwarc roducis rc-wriic iIc codc dynamically, a roccss VMwarc
calls "linary iranslaiion" or DT. TIc iranslaicd codc gcis siorcd in
sarc mcmory, iyically ai iIc cnd of iIc addrcss sacc,
wIicI scgmcniaiion mccIanisms can roicci and malc invisillc.
For iIcsc rcasons, VMwarc ocraics dramaiically fasicr iIan
cmulaiors, running ai morc iIan 80% of iIc sccd iIai iIc viriual
gucsi ocraiing-sysicm would run dirccily on iIc samc Iardwarc.
In onc siudy VMwarc claims a slowdown ovcr naiivc ranging from
06 crccni for iIc VMwarc ESX Scrvcr.
|20|

VMwarc's aroacI avoids somc of iIc difficuliics of viriualizaiion
on 86-lascd laiforms. Viriual macIincs may dcal wiiI offcnding
insiruciions ly rclacing iIcm, or ly simly running lcrncl-codc in
uscr-modc. Fclacing insiruciions runs iIc risl iIai iIc codc may
fail io find iIc cccicd conicni if ii rcads iisclf; onc cannoi roicci
codc againsi rcading wIilc allowing normal cccuiion, and rclacing
in-lacc lccomcs comlicaicd. Funning iIc codc unmodificd in
uscr-modc will also fail, as mosi insiruciions wIicI jusi rcad iIc
macIinc-siaic do noi causc an ccciion and will lciray iIc rcal
siaic of iIc rogram, and ccriain insiruciions silcnily cIangc
lcIavior in uscr-modc. Onc musi always rcwriic; crforming a
simulaiion of iIc currcni rogram counicr in iIc original locaiion
wIcn ncccssary and (noially} rcmaing Iardwarc
codc lrcaloinis.


VMware WorkstatIon
VMware WorkstatIon is a viriual macIinc sofiwarc suiic
for 86 and 86-64 comuicrs from VMwarc, a division of EMC
Cororaiion, wIicI allows uscrs io sci u muliilc 86 and 86-64
viriual comuicrs and usc onc or morc of iIcsc viriual macIincs
simuliancously wiiI iIc Iosiing ocraiing sysicm. EacI viriual
macIinc insiancc can cccuic iis own gucsi ocraiing sysicm,
including Windows, Linu, DSD varianis, and oiIcrs. In simlc
icrms, VMwarc Worlsiaiion allows onc Iysical macIinc io run
muliilc ocraiing sysicms simuliancously. OiIcr VMwarc roducis
Icl managc or migraic VMwarc viriual macIincs across muliilc
Iosi macIincs. Worlsiaiion is sold ly VMwarc; VMwarc Playcr is a
similar rogram wiiI
fcwcr fcaiurcs sulicd frcc of cIargc.
VMwarc Worlsiaiion suoris lridging io cisiing Iosi nciworl
adaicrs, CD-FOM dcviccs, Iard disl drivcs, and USDdcviccs
(including USD IsocIronous dcviccs sucI as wclcams, microIoncs
cic.}, and rovidcs iIc aliliiy io simulaic somc Iardwarc. For
camlc, ii can mouni an ISO filc as a CD-FOM, and .vmdl filcs as
Iard disls, and can configurc iis nciworl adaicr drivcr io
usc nciworl addrcss iranslaiion (NAT} iIrougI iIc Iosi macIinc
raiIcr iIan lridging iIrougI ii (wIicI would rcquirc an IP addrcss
for cacI gucsi macIinc on iIc Iosi nciworl}.



VMwarc Worlsiaiion allows iIc icsiing of livc CDs wiiIoui
firsi rccording iIcm onio Iysical discs or rclooiing iIc comuicr.
Muliilc succcssivc snasIois of an ocraiing sysicm running
undcr VMwarc Worlsiaiion can lc ialcn
|3|
, and iIc viriual macIinc
can lc rcsiaricd in iIc siaic ii was in wIcn any snasIoi was
savcd. TIis is uscful for sofiwarc dcvclocrs and icsicrs, for
cnvironmcnis ai risl from malwarc infcciion, and for dcmonsiraiing
sofiwarc.
VMwarc Worlsiaiion includcs iIc aliliiy io dcsignaic muliilc
viriual macIincs as a icam wIicI adminisiraiors can iIcn owcr
on and off, suscnd, and rcsumc as a singlc oljcci, maling ii
ariicularly uscful for icsiing clicni-scrvcr cnvironmcnis.

How Is VMware WorkstatIon Used In tbe
EnterprIse?
Following arc iIc ways in wIicI VMwarc Worlsiaiion is uscd in
iIc Enicrrisc.
Sofiwarc dcvclocrs rcly on Worlsiaiion's inicgraiion wiiI
Visual Siudio, Eclisc and iIc SringSourcc Tools Suiic
io sircamlinc iIc dcvclomcni and dclugging of iIcir
alicaiions in muliilc cnvironmcnis.
Qualiiy assurancc icams usc Worlsiaiion io cfficicnily
and cconomically icsi alicaiions on a comlc mairi of
ocraiing sysicms, alicaiion laiforms, and lrowscrs and ly
doing away wiiI rcciiiivc configuraiion iasls.
Sysicms cnginccrs and oiIcr iccInical salcs rofcssionals usc
Worlsiaiion io dcmonsiraic comlc mulii-iicr alicaiions
wiiI casc. Worlsiaiion can simulaic an cniirc viriual nciworl
cnvironmcniincluding clicnis, scrvcrs and daialasc viriual
macIincsall on a on a singlc PC.
TcacIcrs and iraincrs usc Worlsiaiion io raidly crcaic viriual
macIincs for siudcnis, wiiI all iIc lcssons, alicaiions and
iools rcquircd for iIc coursc wiiIin a sccurc, isolaicd viriual
macIinc. Ai iIc cnd of cacI class, iIc viriual macIincs can
rcvcri auiomaiically io a clcan" siaic, maling iIcm rcadily
availallc for iIc nci sci of siudcnis.

VMware Fusion
VMware Fu8ion is a virtual machine software product developed by VMware for Macintosh computers
with ntel processors. Fusion allows ntel-based Macs to run x86 and x86-64 "guest" operating systems,
such as Microsoft Windows, Linux, NetWare and Solaris as virtual machines simultaneously with Mac OS
X as the "host" operating system using a combination of paravirtualization, emulation and dynamic
rcompilation.

VMware Fu8ion 4.0 was released as a paid upgrade on September 14, 2011.
[12]
Some new features in
this release include:
Optimization for Mac OS X 10.7 clients, including support for full screen Windows programs, gestures
and integration with LaunchPad and Mission Control
Updated user interface
Support for Time Machine compatible snapshots
App Unity feature allows you to integrate Windows programs into Mac OS X 10.7 by adding them to
Launchpad, searching them using Spotlight or accessing them directly from the Mac applications
folder
mproved resume function
Support for virtual machine encryption
Up to 2.5x faster OpenGL and DirectX 3D graphics performance on Mac OS X 10.7 clients
New VMware Fusion Learning Center feature

Features
&nit view creates a seamless desktop environment between Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X
applications. t optionally hides Windows' start menu and taskbar and runs the Windows applications
directly from the dock in OS X. Further, users can drag and drop files between Windows and the Mac,
and use familiar Mac keyboard shortcuts to copy and paste between Windows and Mac applications. t is
(almost) fully compatible with Expos.
[3]
Fusion windows that are covered by other Fusion windows don't
redraw when switching to Expos, causing visual anomalies. This feature is later made available
in VMware Workstation 6.5 Beta, which is designed to be run on Windows/Linux platforms.
DirectX 9.0 is supported through dynamic recompilation to OpenGL instructions in Windows XP Service
Pack 2, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 virtual machines. Hence, users can play supported games
through Fusion or run applications which require 3D graphics.
[4]
VMware Fusion 3 has DirectX 9 Shader
Model 3 and OpenGL support.
[5]

32-bit and 64-bit gue8t operating 88tem8 are supported by VMWare Fusion.
[6]
Over 60 operating
systems are supported, including Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux, and Solaris. Additionally, VMWare
Fusion 2.0 adds support for Mac OS X Server version 10.5 (Leopard) as a guest on a Mac OS X host.
Additionally, Fusion 2.0.1 added experimental support for un-released developer builds of Mac OS X
Server 10.6 (Snow Leopard) presumably for software developers with Apple-granted access to pre-
release builds of Snow Leopard. There is also support for Windows XP Service Pack 2 Boot Camp
partitions: a user can use his Windows Boot Camp partition, eliminating the need for two separate
Windows installations.[6] n addition, VMWare Fusion offers support of up to 8 GB of memory on guest
64-bit operating systems, and up to 16GB of RAM on Mac Pros and Xserves.
[3]

$nap8hot8 enable users to save a stable state of the guest operating system to disk, allowing users to
quickly return to their virtual machine without the need of rebooting.
$hared FoIder8 allow the mounting of folders from the host operating system to the guest operating
system.
ten8ive hardware 8upport is built into VMWare Fusion. For networking, there is support for wired
and wireless networks, in NAT or bridged mode (albeit, erratic availability with wireless interfaces)
[7]
.
There is access to physical devices from the virtual machine (i.e. read and write CDs and DVDs) as well
as access to USB 2.0 devices such as video cameras,iPods, printers, and disks at full speed
[citation needed]
.
Firewire support is still missing in the latest version, although a workaround exists by mounting the device
as a shared folder
[8]
.
$upport for muItipIe C!&8 ($M! or muIticore C!&8 is built into VMWare Fusion. Fusion also allows
the user to assign up to eight CPUs to one virtual machine to gain additional performance for CPU-
intensive workloads

A Virtual Machine Hadoop Environment
This section explains how to configure a virtual machine to run Hadoop within your host computer. After
installing the virtual machine software and the virtual machine image, you will learn how to log in and run
jobs within the Hadoop environment.
Users of Linux, Mac OSX, or other Unix-like environments are able to install Hadoop and run it on one (or
more) machines with no additional software beyond Java. f you are interested in doing this, there are
instructions available on the Hadoop web site in the quickstart document.
Running Hadoop on top of Windows requires installing cygwin, a Linux-like environment that runs within
Windows. Hadoop works reasonably well on cygwin, but it is officially for "development purposes only."
Hadoop on cygwin may be unstable, and installing cygwin itself can be cumbersome.
To aid developers in getting started easily with Hadoop, we have provided a virtual machine
imagecontaining a preconfigured Hadoop installation. The virtual machine image will run inside of a
"sandbox" environment in which we can run another operating system. The OS inside the sandbox does
not know that there is another operating environment outside of it; it acts as though it is on its own
computer. This sandbox environment is referred to as the "guest machine" running a "guest operating
system." The actual physical machine running the VM software is referred to as the "host machine" and it
runs the "host operating system." The virtual machine provides other host-machine applications with the
appearance that another physical computer is available on the same network. Applications running on the
host machine see the VM as a separate machine with its own P address, and can interact with the
programs inside the VM in this fashion.

Figure 3.1: A virtual machine encapsulates one operating system within another. Applications in the VM
believe they run on a separate physical host from other applications in the external operating system.
Here we demonstrate a Windows host machine and a Linux guest (virtual) machine.
Application developers do not need to use the virtual machine to run Hadoop. Developers on Linux
typically use Hadoop in their native development environment, and Windows users often install cygwin for
Hadoop development. The virtual machine provided with this tutorial allows users a convenient alternative
development platform with a minimum of configuration required. Another advantage of the virtual machine
is its easy reset functionality. f your experiments break the Hadoop configuration or render the operating
system unusable, you can always simply copy the virtual machine image from the CD back to where you
installed it on your computer, and start from a known-good state.
Our virtual machine will run Linux, and comes preconfigured to run Hadoop in pseudo-distributed mode
on this system. (t is configured like a fully distributed system, but is actually running on a single machine
instance.) We can write Hadoop programs using editors and other applications of the host platform, and
run them on our "cluster" consisting of just the virtual machine. We will connect our host environment to
the virtual machine through the network.
t should be noted that the virtual machine will also run inside of another instance of Linux. Linux users
can install the virtual machine software and run the Hadoop VM as well; the same separation between
host processes and guest processes applies here





VirtuaI Machine TechnoIog To ImpIement
$andboing

SANDDOX . Dcfincd ly wIai ii coniains & wIcrc iis
loundarics arc.
TIc grid comuiing mcans disiriluicd comuiing. In
disiriluicd comuiing, diffcrcni comuicrs wiiIin iIc samc
nciworl sIarc onc or morc rcsourccs. In iIc idcal grid
comuiing sysicm, cvcry rcsourcc is sIarcd, iurning a
comuicr nciworl inio a owcrful sucrcomuicr.
A grid comuiing sysicm cnallc iIc cccuiion of unirusicd,
unvcrificd alicaiions wiiIin a (isolaicd
cnvironmcni}sandlo.
Dccnding uon iIc alicaiion rcquircmcnis, acccss io
rcsourccs on Hosi macIinc can lc sclcciivcly allowcd from
wiiIin iIc sandlo i-c Proicciing Hosi macIinc ly using
Sandlo.
Eamlc . Programming Languagc viriual macIincs sucI as
JVM suori similar goals of sandloing lui rcsirici iIc rangc
of alicaiions iIai can lc run on iIcm.

IMPLEMENTATION
A Viriual MacIinc joins Crid jusi lilc anoiIcr PIysical
macIinc.
Ii scrvcs as sulsiiiuic for iIc Iysical macIinc wiiIin iIc
Crid.
A nodc can casily conirol Fcsourcc Allocaiion" for gri
alicaiions, rcsiriciing iIcir usc of main Mcmory, disl-usagc
& CPU cyclcs.
Viriual nodcs rovidc Isolaiion from oiIcr alicaiions iIai
arc running on Iysical macIincs.
Isolaiion Prcvcnis Aiiacls from sccuriiy aiiacls and Fauli
from srcading ovcr Iysical
macIinc.
Viriual macIinc Iavc Nciworl acccss & iIcy arc running in
iIc laclground cccuic MacIinc.
CONDOF is insiallcd in viriual macIinc, noi on PIysical
macIinc cnsuring jols run only insidc Viriual macIinc and
arc ncvcr cccuicd on Iysical macIinc.
PFODLEM . Alicaiion is ocn io N/W and Icncc N/W Aiiacl can
lc ialc lacc on Acccssillc sysicm.
HOW NJW SecurIty ProbIem can be soIved ?

SOLUTION:
Lci iIc VM's aci as jol coniaincr wiiI No Nciworl Acccss.
So for iis corrcci cccuiion, VM musi coniain all rcquircmcnis
wiiIin iIc sandlo lcforc iIc jol lcgin cccuiion duc io no N/W
Acccss.
Now Tasl or jol can lc donc ly fcicIing all iIc rcquircd daia
nccdcd ly iIc jol rior io cccuic iIc jol i-c ai iIc Fun-Timc.
ADVANTAGE
Flcililiiy of launcIing rcdcfincd VM's Environmcni iIai
maicIcs jol rcquircmcnis.
Sysicm Fcsourccs arc consumcd only for Jol duraiion.
PROBLEM : Difficuli io mainiain I/O lcIavior for iIc alicaiion
and io cnsurc sandloing.
May lc wc nccd io siari n sIui-down sysicm for cacI jol again and
again.
SOLUTION: Lci iIc dccision io fcicI iIc filcs rcquircd ly iIc jol lc
donc dynamically ai run iimc of iIc jol raiIcr iIan rior io iIc
cccuiion of iIc jol.
Now sandlo will iransfcr all iIc filcs only wIcn ii sccs iIc filc
lcing ocncd cisis on sulmii macIinc

PROBLEM . To iransfcr daia ovcr Nciworl, wc nccd io ocn N/W
acccss io iIc sandlo wIicI will incrcasc iIc Sccuriiy Fisl again.
SoIutIon . To rcvcni N/W aiiacl, sandlo musi suscnd iIc
cccuiion of jol for iIc iimc during wIicI N/W is ocncd


PerIormance
TIc main issuc is iIc crformancc in viriualizaiion. How can
wc incrcasc crformancc.
So I iIougIi of dcvcloing a s/w iIai will incrcasc
crformancc.
Wc can dcvclo DIsk optImIzer i-c Viriual oiimizcr
WIicI will Ccncraics significani incrcasc in I/O sccds wIilc
also incrcasing ovcrall cfficicncy.
TIc aliliiy io comaci viriual disl frcc sacc lloai on iIin and
dynamic disls
TIc aliliiy io dcicci viriual disl iyc and configurc iisclf
accordingly

Survey on V|rtua||zat|on 1echno|og|es

"vlrLuallzaLlon ls a Lechnology LhaL comblnes or dlvldes compuLlng resources Lo presenL one or many
operaLlng envlronmenLs uslng meLhodologles llke hardware and sofLware parLlLlonlng or aggregaLlon
parLlal or compleLe machlne slmulaLlon emulaLlon Llmesharlng and many oLhers"

1here can be lnnumerous reasons how vlrLuallzaLlon can be useful ln pracLlcal scenarlos a few of whlch
are Lhe followlng

Server Conso||dat|on
pp||cat|on conso||dat|on
Sandbox|ng
Mu|t|p|e execut|on env|ronments
V|rtua| hardware
Mu|t|p|e s|mu|taneous CS
Debugg|ng
Software M|grat|on
pp||ances
1est|ng]


Machlne sLack showlng vlrLuallzaLlon opporLunlLles

1here can be several levels of absLracLlon where vlrLuallzaLlon can Lake place
Instruct|on set |eve|
vlrLuallzaLlon aL Lhe lnsLrucLlon seL archlLecLure (lSA) level ls all abouL lnsLrucLlon seL emulaLlon
LmulaLlon ls Lhe Lechnlque of lnLerpreLlng Lhe lnsLrucLlons compleLely ln sofLware

hardware abstract|on |ayer (n%
1he funcLlonallLy and absLracLlon level of a PAL level vlrLual machlne lles beLween a real machlne
and an emulaLor

CS |eve| (system ca|| |nterface%
Slnce sysLem call lnvocaLlon ls Lhe only way of communlcaLlon from userspace Lo kernelspace lL
should be posslble for Lhe vlrLuallzaLlon sofLware Lo LoLally conLrol whaL Lhe userspace processes
can do by managlng Lhls lnLerface

user|eve| ||brary |nterface
vlrLuallzaLlon aL Lhe llbrary lnLerface ls posslble by conLrolllng Lhe communlcaLlon llnk beLween Lhe
appllcaLlons and Lhe resL of Lhe sysLem Lhrough Lhe Al hooks

app||cat|on |eve|
lL lmplemenLs a vlrLuallzaLlon layer as an appllcaLlon LhaL evenLually creaLes a vlrLual machlne

WhaLever may be Lhe level of absLracLlon Lhe general phenomenon sLlll remalns Lhe same lL parLlLlons
Lhe lowerlevel resources uslng some novel Lechnlques Lo map Lo mulLlple hlgher level vMs
LransparenLly

We are now discussing the important Ieatures oI some well known VMs in categories which are
deIined by the level oI their operation.


TeamViewer

TeamViewer is a computer software package for remote control, desktop sharing, and file transfer
between computers. The software operates with the Microsoft Windows, Mac OS
X,
[1][2]
Linux,
[3]
iOS,
[4]
and Android
[5]
operating systems. t is possible to access a machine running
TeamViewer with a web browser.
[6]
While the main focus of the application is remote control of
computers, collaboration and presentation features are included.
[7]

TeamViewer GmbH was founded in 2005 in Uhingen, Germany.
Establishing connections
Teamviewer may be installed with an installation procedure, although the 'Quick Support' version will run
without installation.
[8]
To connect to another computer, TeamViewer has to be running on both machines:
it can be run (but not installed) by a user without administrator access. When Teamviewer is started on a
computer, it generates a partner D and password (user-defined passwords are also supported). To
establish a connection from a local client to a remote host machine, the local operator must communicate
with the remote operator, request the D and password, then enter these into the local TeamViewer.
[9]