Gere

AKSUM UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
ARCHITECTUR
PREPARED BY:
GEBREYOHANNES TEKLE
ID NO……..AKUR/1172/02
DURETION OF INTERNSHIP
Tikmt 25/02/2005E.C-
Lekatit15/06/2005E.C
SUBMISSION DATE
LEKATIT21/06/2005E.C
Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 0

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Declaration of the Student and the approval of the mentor

Student Gebreyohanns Tekle, civil engineering department student of Technology, works
with Defence construction .at mekelle - Qiha site for the given four months successfully.
The internship program lets him know different skills and experiences .Having this in mind
he was practicing different activities in collaboration with his colleagues and other office and
site workers like he was asking many constructive questions that he got by observing in the site,
how engineering solution would be given for some errors or mistakes occurred during working
and etc. So that they have been advising and sharing him good ideas to do different work
activities.
Thus, he want to certify that he had satisfactory completed his internship program. He was
found hard working during this period. He showed good performance and ethics towards his
work and assignments.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I thank God who keep me alive until this time and help me in my life.
Next I would like to extend my thanks to Haylemariyam constraction engineer, Trhas Gerezgihar
office engineer and Weldu halefom site engineer for their unserve moral supports during my
internship duration.
I would like also to thank the various workers in my company in making the internship
together with them in success manner.
I am sincerely grating full to my owed family members particularly to my father and my
brothers for their financial and emotional support during my internship study at Mekelle.
Last but not the list I would like to thanks to my friend Gebremichael, who helped me in
writing this report through computer access with the effective time spend.

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Objective of the internship

The main objectives of internship for trainer are
1) Strengthen and expand knowledge relevant to academic background. like
 Types of learnt working methods
 Participation in major working process of the company.
 Work on one project to solve one main problem of the company
2) Understand and write each and every process of organization routine works.
 Daily activates at site
 Daily activates at office
 And other different activity(weekly, monthly, yearly, etc)
3) Acquire hands on training in practical skill in one or several of his/her specific
profession.
4) Other experience the inter should learn from the company.

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EXCUTIVE SUMMERY
I have spent my intern ship duration at Defence construction on mekelle-qiha site. The
intern ship started in October 25/02/2005 E.C and ended in February 15/06/2005 E.C. throughout
this time I was attended activities both at site and at office of the project.
This final internship repot was wrote based on the activities I involved, practiced, understand
and collected information from different documents and interview skilled persons.
This report not includes to all things that I have been observed and worked during my four
month internship programs in defence construction. Because I have got very much success
from the intern ship as I have got technical activities of a site. I have developed also the meaning
and applications of team work.
I have started with the writing of all the back ground of the company with its vision,
mission and main objectives. I have also tried to put the products, services, and its organization
on which they are working for.
The need for the new curriculum is that to introduce us to real practical world such that I
have described clearly the overall internship experiences mainly the office works and site
works.
In addition I wrote the most important benefits from the internship time. This benefit got
from different professionals and colleague at office and site works. And also I try to defined the
challenges faced me during the internship with how I improve.
It is known that whatever the company can be a big, defects may observed so that I have
seen some defects on the company, so that I have recommend to these wrongs as a civil
engineering student.

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Table of Contents page

CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF HOISTING COMPANY DEFENCE CONSTRACTION 1
1.1 The company history 1
1.2 Main Products or Services of the Company………………………………………………………………………………..3
1.3 Customers or end users of the company 5
14 overall organization and work flow of the company 7
CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTION OF OVERALL INTERN SHIP EXPERIENCES 8
2.1 How I get the company……………………………………………………………..8

2.2 activities that I have performed during the internship 8
2.2.1 office work 8
2.2.2 field works 12
CHAPTER THREE
DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE OVERALL BENEFITS THAT I HAVE

GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP 35
3.1) Benefits in terms of practical skills 35
3.2) benefits I have gained in terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge
36

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3.3) benefits I have gained in terms of improving communication skills

37
3.4) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving team playing skills

38
3. 5) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving leader ship skills

39
3.6) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving understanding work
ethics 39
3.7) Benefits I have gained in terms of entrepreneurship skills 40
CONCLUSION 41
RECOMMENDATION 42
GRESSORY 43
REFERENCE 44
List of figures and Tables
Figure list
Chart1.1 organization of the copany………………………………………………………………………………6
Chart 1.2 Workflow of the company…………..…………………………………………………
Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Chart2.1 ingredient of concret……………………………………………………………..23
Figure 2.1 column form work ……………………………………………………………………18

Figare2.2 beam formwork…………………………………………………………………………19
Figure 2.3 slab formwork and scaffolding………………….…………………………………………………19
Figure 2.4 reinforcement handling……………………………………..………………………20
Figure 2.5 stare case.............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.23

Figure 2.6 aggregate (coarse and fine aggregate)……………………………………………….25
Figure 2.7 Concrete making process at site……………………………………….27
FIgare2.8 backfill and compaction..........................................................................................32

Figare2.9 trench excavation and masonry……………………………………………………..32
Figure 3.1communication with interns …………………………………………………………38
List of tables
Table 1.1 Building Projects with the following descriptions are under construction…………………. 4
Table1.2 Road Construction……………….…………………………………………………………5
Table2.1. Format of takeoff sheet……………………………………………………….……………………………………9
Table 2.2 takeoff sheet for reinforcement bar…………………………………………..…Error!

Bookmark not defined.0

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CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE HOSTING COMPANY DEFENCE CONSTRACTION
1.1 Brief history

Keeping peace is the main mission of ministry of national defense. Additionally
participating in different city state developments like construction affairs are also its mission for
the well being of the country and the satisfaction of citizens. Having this in mind “የ መከላከያ
መሃንዲስ መምርያ” had established.
Since 1994-1998EC, its name had changed to “የ ኮንስትራክሽን ግብ ዋና ሀይል መምርያ”. With this
company many construction works had been working for four years. And later changed its
name to Defense Construction Enterprise in 1998EC with different new technology materials,
Be siding to that defense construction and Engineering company also been established for
different construction purpose like for military war home (ምሽግ) , road that use for solider and
materials transporting , water supply services and military residences.
Leaving that company, because there was another reserved force namely “የ ኮንስትራክሽን
መሃንዲስ”, NORI-LA” was established in combination with cheence company through industrial
sharing. Having continued with that company, as the militaries a great need for residence,
hospital, office and Dippo services, there was a need to establish another stronger company for
the reason that NORI-LA was not gone as need as possible.

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The major one was “ kaliti construction and construction materials manufacturing
company “: and the other which worked together with that company “ defense
construction enterprise “ were the two companies established which guaranteed the
ministry of national defense .
Meeting the need for construction of defense minister and involving in different city
state development by participating with national development and construction industries
were also the main aims of defense construction and engineering company . working in
areas where private companies were not able to work such as in areas having bad
weather , in secured and undeveloped areas were also its main aim .
Caring that aim its first work was started in the region of somale at western gode
which was characterized by bad weather conditions and un secured area . the reason to
work there was in order to keep peace and enhance development .
For that reason it started its irrigation work with 171 million budget and 500 military
members and other skilled personals . but before starting its work people of western gode
didn’t relay it because of their bad weather condition that private companies before it
stopped their work after 1000 hectare irrigation work cove .
Caring that all defense construction and engineering company travels to western
gode at the beginning of 1998 E.C and reached at wabeshebele river .
Arriving there they were given 2220 hectare farm land , 17 km in length main river
maintenance and farm land protection dam to be completed wit in 18 months period
though the government need 27-29 thousand hectare irrigation works.
During their start they have been faced bad weather condition like as temperature
more that 40oC and that of heavy dusts and additionally after one year of their work
(in October 1999 E C ) their work break down by un seasonal heavy rain fall flood though
it was so, it continued after a short period time.
In whatever condition, quality of work & completing before contract time were its
main difference it made from other companies. In addition to that it has been also
supported by Federal and regional government which again was its iniquity . be siding
about 80 % of the workers in the company were members of the military .Where as the
remaining 20 % are civil workers & skilled personals .

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Next to that many construction buildings have been done by the defense construction
and engineering company in Harere , Dre Dawa ,Hawash Arba , Moyalle , Holleta ,Mekelle and
Addis Abeba.
From among its duties in Harere one apartment building with 120 million budget for
800 families which includes one and two bed rooms were involved .
While in Dre Dawa referal which done Dre Dawa referral hospital which was found in
between Dire and horso that covers 257969 m2 area and cost 128 million birr budget with
150 beds and provides different services like for academic, dormitorie, launch and
cafeterias were its products that coast 900 days.
And in Awash arba eight military apartment by 71.7 million birr budget with 350
workers were constructed 5 blokes of the apartments were with one bed room while 3
of the others were two bed rooms . additionally in between “ awash sebat” and ‘awash
arba “ asphaltic road which took the militaries to awash arba and potable water distribution
pipes were constructed .
The other in moyale: TV-station and mega works were constructed. While hollata and
mekelle military apartments were also constructed by defense construction enterprise
company.
Not only that ,many participation have been giving in the country development by
involving in different work affairs such as road way construction at different places of
our country like in Godie elalla , Agulae-Dallul ,Berahle- Hamerella and recently in Mekelle-
Hagereselam .
In godie elalla ,140 in length road way which took (polo-chiret) were constructed in
combination with the company known as Hetranos which was Ogaden fuel finding
National Non-Governmental Organization for the purpose of fuel finding .In addition to
this 50 Km length road was constructed for the municipality of Godie elalla by that
company within four months.
While in dallul road was constructed which took from Berehale-Hamer ella with in
four months construction period knowing that “MOROLL”is tourist attractive area found
there though is warmest area found 120m below sea level. And 150Km road way was
constructed which meet Agulae with dallul by that company. Else Asphalt mixing works
area also found in Mekelle and Addis Ababa which it manufactured Asphalt .

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Finally staff collage buildings and military apartments it were also then constructing
in Mekelle and Shire Cities .For the purpose of opening different departments.
All my four months internship stay was completed at that Meklle Staf Collage
Project which was found near Mekelle University Main Campus.
1.2 Main Products or Services of the Company

As it have been referred in its brief history there were many products or services
constructed by that company.
From these;
 Building construction works

 Road way construction works
 Irrigation and dam construction works
 Water supply works were found
 Building construction
Table 1.1 Building Projects with the following descriptions are under construction.
No. Project Title Employer Contract Value
1 Harar Apartment Project MOND 105,864,801.64
2 Awash Arba Apartment MOND 71,793,983.07
3 Dire Dawa Referral Hospital 128,055,553.29
4 Kality Apartment MOND 74,338,793.96
5 Mekele Apartment MOND 152,897,945.00
6 Mekele Staff College Lot-1 MOND 94,283,174.77
7 Mekele Staff College Lot-2 MOND 109,974,068.00
8 Shire Apartment MOND 81,421,134.03
9 Shire Hospital MOND 79,180,073.00

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10 Moyale INSA MOND 13,552,944.28
11 Dolo Ado Technical School MOND 9,241,179.43
12 Addis Ababa post office project MOND 13,859,872.66
A.A Integrated Land

Agaro City Administration Administration
13 2,000,000.00
Total 936,463,523.13
Table1.2 Road Construction
No. Project Title Employer Contract Value
1 Wukro Access Road Project MOND 19,067,189.68
2 Shigubi-Berehale-Dallol Access Road Project MOND 143,747,961.70
3 Bishoftu Town Road Project MOND 56,120,683.35
4 Gode-Hillala Road Project MOND 91,960,818.30
5 Combat Engineering Compund Road Project MOND 6,968,186.09
6 Agula-Berhale Asphalt Road Project MOND 923,916,753.17
7 Berhale –Dallol Asphalt Road Project MOND 1,245,261,242.05

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Total 2,487,042,834.34
 Irrigation Works
About 2220 hectare farmland provision in somalia region western Godie Canal
diverting with its length 15Km and Seven small bridges. Water Supply Work Pipe construction
for potable water distribution in moyale
1.3 Customers or end users of the company

 Ministry of national defense
 Federal & regional governments
 Private companies
1.4 overall organization and work flow of the company

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Chart1.1 organization of the copany

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Board member
Construction Building and road Design and

material head construction supervision head
manager head manager manager
Building Machinerie
Road
Resource and construction s and
construction
supply manager equipment
manager
manager
Chart 1.2 Workflow of the company

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CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTION OF OVER ALL INTERNISHIP EXPERIANCIES
2.1 How I get the company

Aksum University prepares the requesting paper to accept the companies for our
willingness to work with them and having this paper I have first ask to defence constraction
then easily accept me.
2.2 Activities that I have performed during the internship

I was using different procedures while performing activities. Among those procedures I have
used includes;
 Asking any ambiguity
 Read drawings and specifications for any further information whenever I found
necessary.
 Read back what I have learned related to the activities.
 Carefully and attentively follow up the activities at the working times.
For more details and further information the site and office activities are described
below.
2.2.1 OFFICE WORK
In my four month stay in the internship program I have had chance to practice some
office works :
Like:
1. Quantity analysis
2. Take off sheet
3. Payment for sub contract
4. Scheduling
5. Specification
6. Bill of quantity

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7. Cost breakdown
1 Quantity analysis: is the analysis of quantifying the required materials used as input
for once construction project. This is most of the time the task of quantity surveyor in the
construction project.
Quantity can be done in to two ways

1. By reading from the plan
2. By the measuring the actual place
 Advantages of quantity analysis:

 To know the amount of work
 for tendering to the contractors
 to know they worked area & the remaining
 to work payment for the piece rates ( sub contract)
 to work the total cost of the construction by multiplying with the
rate
 to know the amount & number of materials
 to know the amount of man power required
2. Takeoff sheet : take off sheet is a format to prepare quantities of executed

work for payment purpose on the site. The format of takeoff sheet is easily divided in to two.
These are:-
1. takeoff sheet for earthwork, formwork, concrete, wall masonry (stone, HCB etc)
and plastering
Here is a sample takeoff sheet that we were using on office work to earth work,
formwork, concrete, hallow concrete block(HCB), stone masonry, plastering etc .
No Size: Quantity : Item description :

L*W*H
Table2.1. Format of takeoff sheet

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In order to fill out the above table properly the following steps should be taken.
 In the first column write number of materials we are worked or will be work
 In the second column write size of the required place
 In the third column write the quantity by multiplying the first and second. Quantity
describes the entire amount that is required to work or would be worked.
 In the fourth column write description of the items used. Item describes the entire
performed tasks (i.e. earth work, formwork, concrete, hallow concrete block(HCB), stone
masonry, etc )
2. Takeoff sheet for reinforcement bar

The Takeoff sheet for bars is a list of reinforcement bars in tabular form giving the particular
of bars, shape of bending with sketches, length of each, total length and total weight.
The total weight (wt) of bars of site can be calculated as
2
d
w t=∑ L×
162
Where: d=¿diameter of bars in mm
L =total length of the bar in m
W= weight of bars in kg
Here is a sample takeoff sheet that we were using on office work to reinforcement to know
the quantity and type of the reinforcement bar we use on the project.
It. Location type Shap Ø Length No. of No. Tota Total length (m)
bars per of l no.
No e (mm) (m)
member mem of
ber bars
Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12 Ø14 Ø16 Ø20
Total length(m)
.222 .395 .617 .888 1.209 1.579 2.467
Weight(kg/m)
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Total weight(kg)
Table 2.2 takeoff sheet for reinforcement bar
In order to fill out the above table properly the following steps should be taken.
 Write the number of bars for a type (e.g. footing, column, beam, etc)
 Identify the location mean the reinforcement bars are used for witch structural part.
 Identify the type bar present, mean how many footing, column, beam, etc
 Draw the shape the bars based the plane
 Determine the diameter of the bar used in millimeter
 Decide length of the bar cut by the carpenter based on plane
 Then calculate the number of bars present based on the spacing and the length on
which these bars are placed
 Calculate on how many members these bars are present on a single floor system
 Then calculate the total length by multiplying the total number of bars with the length
of single bar
 Now based on predetermined conversion factor we can calculate the total mass of bar
in kilograms
3. Payment for sub contracts; on the site most of the simple works are done by the
sub-contracts.
Payment for sub-contracts can be done by measuring the quantity of the work & multiply by
the rate which is the amount of birr per unit that paid to the sub-contracts.
4. SCHEDULE: Scheduling is the way of preparing (time arranging) for the specified work
piece & the way of understanding which work piece can be done together with (simultaneously)
the other.
This is clearly depending on the quantity of the building. And is mainly the work of office
engineer which is from starting to end of the project classified in to years or months.
The contractors and other workers are also classified the schedule that is prepared by office
engineer in to weeks, days and hours.

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5 Specifications: Specification is specifying the nature & the work, materials to be used in
the work, work man ship etc.Standard specifications pacify the nature class of the work &
materials.
6 Bill of quantity: Bill of quantity It includes the type of quality, the amount of the quantity,
the rate and the cost. The rate is the price for a unit amount of quantity which was handed to me
by the company. The rate is the result of the breakdown
7 cost breakdown: Cost breakdown is the format mostly prepared to bill. This format
describes rate per unit of the materials we use for the required construction.
2.2.2 Field works

Field work is the work performed in site. In field work (site work) the plan change to actual
structure so that it needs more experience and skill.
Little of them mentioned below:-
1. Surveying 7.Lean concrete
2. Development 8. Placing of formwork .
3. Layout 9. Placing of reinforcement bars
4. Site clear 10. Concrete placement
5. Bulk excavation 11. Trench excavation
6. Pit excavation 12. Masonry
7. Lean concrete
1. Surveying
surveying is the art of making masurment to the relative positions of natural and man made feature
on the earth’s surface and presentation of this information either graphically or numerically. Survey is
playing the great role at construction site.
For example: - 1. To layout the drawing in to ground

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2. To level the formwork (for grade beam and slab),
3. To level the finishing level of the concrete during casting
4. To put the correct dimension of the pointes
2. Development of the site
Before any work is to be done,the site area shoud fenced so as no one see what is gooing on behind the
fences. A minimum of two extra meters should be left for working area before fencing the site all around.
After the site is fenced using surveying datas locate axises in the horizontal and verticcal direction or
position of footings. Then connect the left and right axis points by rope (thin cable). Using the point of
intersection of this axises locate the dimension of footings with ash or gypsum.
3. Layout
Layout is the process transferring the overall dimensions presented in the plane to the actual
ground. This is the starting point to install the building.
4. Site clearance
The site first to be cleared to remove an average depth of 20 cm top soil including grass, plants and
rubbish or any organic material. Site clearance is performed by adding one meter in both sides of
the correct dimension of the required place. The purpose is to remove unnecessary or dirty mateial
from the site whose presences may reduce quality of the soil and strength of the structure.
5. Bulk excavation
After the top soil is removed (compliting site clearance) bulk excavation will takeplace. Bulk
excavation is excavating the correct dimension of the required place. It’s main purpose is to
remove weak soil (e.g. Clay) and leveling the construction area (site).
6. Pit excavation

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Pit excavation is an excavation for foundation footing in addition to the actual dimension 25cm as
working space is excavated in both sides of the fooling. Excavation is carried out by excavator to
minimize wastage time for huge building. We should carefull enough to maintain exact required vertical
and horzontal alignment to achieve these primary references use for pit exavation.
7. Lean concrete
Most of the time the C-5 grade concrete is called lean concrete. This concrete is cast at the
bottom part of the sub structures. It is a 50mm thick qualify of C-5 with minimum cement content
of 150 kg/m3 of concrete. Also mixed with ratio of 1 : 5 : 7.
It has some advantages like;
 It acts like a hard stratum

 It protects all sub structural elements from extra moisture.
 It prevents the soil particles under substructures from any relative movement
 to prevent the direct contact of reinforcement with soil.
 To well distributing the load coming on it.
8. Form work for the different components of building in site

Formwork shall be designed strong enough to carry different loads. Include its own weight,
live load, weight of moving equipment operated on formwork, dead weight of the wet
concrete, ambient temperature, and other factors pertinent to safety of structure during
construction. The form work must be strongly built to protect concrete from being pushed out
of shape before or during the concrete placing operation.
a. Materials used for form work

There are different materials used for form work. Among these typical materials which
give services are;
1) Steel/panel: - is a plan type of material made from steel. This makes concrete
uniform color. It has the following advantages.
Can be reused without damage.
Provides ease of stripping.

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It ensures an even and smooth concrete surface.

It posses great rigidity.
It is not liable to shrinkage and distortion.
2) Wood and timber: -is a plan type of material made of wood. With their cross grained
structure provides a strong and reasonable economic.
b. Form work preparetion

 The form work must be strong enough to carry the load until the concrete is strong
enough to carry itself and hardened
 Before and concreting start all form work are thoroughly cleaned and free from holes and
dirt.
 Before casting concrete the formwork has to be on the right dimension and having a
stable place to live concrete.
 Check the exact shapes and dimensions shown on the drawing and as required to obtain
accurate alignment, location grade, level and plumb
 The top level of formwork has to be at the same level at the top of the finishing.
 All formwork have to be removed without any damage from the concrete.
 It should be practically water proof so that it does not absorb water from concrete.
 It should be sufficient rigidity to maintain the concrete lines and levels.
 The inside surface of the form work should be coated with a released agents in order to
speed up the removal of it when concrete is cast.
 All form works construction and quality comply the technical specification.
 Remedial treatment should be carried out immediately without delay if there is any
damage removal of the form works.
Generally when erecting a form work,
Props and joists positioned and leveled through
Soffit placed, leveled and position checked
Side forms placed their position checked before being fixed
Strut position and fixed

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Final check before casting

Note Whatever method of construction is used the construction sequence will follow the same
pattern i.e.
Assemble and erect form work
Prepare and place form work
Pour and compact or vibrate concrete and
Strike and remove form work in stage as curing proceeds
Structural members use formwork

A/ footing Pad
Footing Pad is the part of sub stricture. That is the foundation of the building constructed by
reinforcement.
This is four sided box supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired
depth. The formwork sides have to retain the wet concrete in the required shape
and be able to with stand the initial hydrostatic pressure of wet concrete. To prevents from
dusts.
Procedure
After lean concert is placed and take some time to be stable use following Procedure
 Point (sign) the corner point of form work using plumbing bob.
 Limit the area and to erect the panel (side panels) fixing the four side using
some supporting timber.
 Set the panel in the position and Fix then place reinforcement bar
 Check before casting.
B/ Column
Columns are up right members which carry the loads from beams and slabs down to
the foundation. They are compression members and resist bending forces.
The strength of a column depends up on;
-The strength of the material.

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-quality of material used

- Shape and cross section.
-Length and degree of positional and directional restraints at its end.
Simply columns are divided in to two
1, Foundation Column is a column part of sub structure installed above pad and below grade beam. The
reinforcement of this column cast with footing reinforcement vertically. The height of Foundation Column is
elevation difference between footing pad and grade beam.
2, elevation column is a column part of super structure installed above grade beam at any floor.
As columns are vertical members the form work for columns also consists of a vertical
mould of the desired shape and size which has to retain the wet concrete and resist the initial
hydrostatic pressure caused by the wet concrete.
Procedure
The Construction procedure is as follow to erect vertical column from
 Check the centering ( eccentricity) of the footing or the position specified for the
column(if it is not lie at the center of the footing)
 Place the reinforcement and tie spacers (clear cover) at the edge part of the
reinforcement.
 Cover the reinforcement by form work and tie by belt/ scaffolding (serves as ladder to
move up and down) the formwork is placed on four direction and supported very well
 Finally, check before casting. Plumb bob or we were using stones in place of it to check
verticality of the column formwork.
Alignment of column at site

During construction of a form work for column the concrete erecting of the form work is
checked by the following methods.
A. Vertical method: -Is used to check the straightness of only one column (we have
checked this by using a stone or plumb-bob).
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B. Horizontal method: - Used to check the straightness of two or more columns.
Figure 2.1 column form work
D/ Beam
Beam is a structural member subject to bending and is probably the most structural element
that transfers loads to columns. Bending occurs in a member when a component of load is
applied perpendicular to the member axis and some distance from a support. Bending causes
curvatures of a member.
Simply beams are divided in to two
1, grade beam is a type of beam that is install at the floor finish above foundation column.
2, floor and roof beam is a type of beam that is install at any floor and at the end of the
building (blow the roof tress)
Beam form work is basically a three sided box (except to grade beam i.e. two sided box)
supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level.
Procedure
 Prepare scaffolding to support the formwork by its bottom and two sides
 Installed the form work with correct dimension depending the plan
 Placed the reinforcement properly
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 Check the dimension and then place concrete
Figare2.2 beam formwork
F/ Slab
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs in building which normally carry uniformly
distributed loads. Slab has many types but in our site solid slab is mostly common.
Solid slab:-is type of slab, which is filled the all thickness (15cm to 18cm) by reinforced
concrete. Slab form works in our site consists of panels.
Scaffolding, these are temporary working plates forms erected around the perimeter of the
building or structure in order to provide a safe working place at a convenient height.

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Figure 2.3 slab formwork and scaffolding

9. Reinforcement bars
Reinforcement bars have the main role in construction of structural member.
Reinforcement bar has the ability to resist both tension and compression. Ordinary round steel
bars are used for reinforcing the concrete, it develops good bond with concrete and needs
considerable force to pull out from the concrete.
a. Setting or handling of reinforcement

In order to prevent reinforcement from corrosion &cracking reinforcement should be buried in
a clean condition, concrete casted dry condition and on a wood.
Figure 2.4 reinforcement handling
b. Preparation of reinforcement
The dimension, length, shape, number, diameter, stirrup used etc are based on the design
specified.
Based on the drawing the bar bender cuts and bends the reinforcement bars for the different
components of the structure.
As required for the construction of footing pad, foundation column, beams and columns,
slab etc, when all of the reinforcing bars have been cut to the right lengths and have been bent
to the required shape, then the main beam & column reinforcements tied with stirrups of
diameter 6mm or 8mm bars by tying wire.
c. Placing of reinforcement

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Spacer
Before casting of concrete starts, spacers are prepared and all reinforcements are placed on
them. The thickness of the concrete cover or spacer is according to the design provided.
E.g. For foundation………………..50mm
For column and beam………….25mm
For slab…………………………15mm
The main function of spacer is:
 To prevent the reinforcement from corrosion
 To prevent crack
 Acts as afire resistance
 In order to make level the surface (in case of footing)
Figure2.3 spacer formed form concrete mortar
The bars are placed at the right place with correct dimension for the required structural member.
The reinforcement bars we are used have different name based on their function.
They are listed below
i) Negative bar: is the bar carry negative moment and placed at the upper portion of beam
reinforcement when it is meet with the column (at the joint).the length of this bar is described in
the plan.
ii) Positive bar: is the bar carry positive moment and placed at the lower portion of the beam
reinforcement on the middle of beam (between two columns).the length of this bar is described
in the plan.
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iii) Main bar: is the bar carries the tensile and compressive moment and placed though out the
beam. The length of this bar is described in the plan.
1) Reinforcement for stairs
Stairs are essential to transfer people from one level to another. It consists of landing
and flight. The flight is an inclined slab that consists of risers and treads (going), while the
landing is a horizontal slab. The flight and the landing are supported on beam and column. The
stair also consists of risers & tread (going).
 The height of the riser in our site is 15 cm and that of the going is 30 cm.
 To achieve comfort, landing has to be formed every 10-14 steps.
 In case of stair when the reinforcement is cut and bend according to the design it is place
in the transverse span & in the longitudinal span.
 The main supporting element is in the short direction which depends on the surrounding
beam.
 Care should be taken to the correct placing of the main bar in the stairs and inside the
beam during construction.
 Lateral bars or ties are added to provide support to the longitudinal bars and decrease the
tendency of the bars to buckle out.
 They also prevent the concrete from expanding laterally due to increase the concrete
ultimate strain. Bars have a deformation on their surface to increase the bond with
concrete.
 Stirrups used as a vertical to resist shear.
 Reinforcements are checked by the supervisor before casting.

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Figure 2.5 stare case

10. Preparation, placing, transportation, compaction and curing of concrete
Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, aggregates and water. These ingredients
should be the type and quality specified.
Generally the ingredients of concrete are listed in the following chart.
CONCRETE
Coarse aggrigate Mortar
Fine aggrigate Paste
Water Cementios materials
Chart2.1 ingredient of concrete

When ordinary Portland cement is mixed with water, cement hardness through a process
called hydration. The aim is to mix these materials in a measured amount to make concrete that
is easy to;
Transport, place, compact and finish which will sate and harden to give strong and durable
product.
The amount of each material cement, water and aggregates affects the properties of both
fresh and hardened concrete.
In order to produce an effective and suitable concrete the constituent elements of concrete
should be listed below:

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Cement: Should be satisfy the following criteria’s
 Normal
 Moderate surface resistance, moderate heat of radiation
 High early strength ,but relies too much heat
 Low heat Portland cement ,minimizes thermal cracking but must control initial
temperature
Aggregate: aggregate is the material that takes more volume in the preparation of concrete.
The shape can be round, irregular, angular, flaky surface texture should be smooth, granular,
rough, crystalline grading aggregate is very important. The aggregate is classify in to coarse and
fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate should be hard, dense, durable, nor periods and uncoated coarse aggregate
should be clear from impurities like clay, soft soil etc.
Fine aggregate (sand) should be free from impurities like dust, mica and organic matter and
should be durable, dense, hard and quality approved
Figure 2.6 aggregate (coarse and fine aggregate)

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Water: Should be clear and free from injurities, amount of soil, acids, alkalis, organic
materials. If water is not free from such impurities it has effects on concrete and aggregate
during mix. These effects includes,
Effects of impure water on concrete affects the properties of concrete like setting time,
strength and long time durability, affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Harm full
substances deposit on the surface of the particles.
CONCRETE WORK AT CONSTRUCTION SITE

At site concrete work includes the following procedures;
1). Proportioning of ingredients: identify mix proportion (amount of cement, water and
aggregates). Measured amounts of aggregates mixed together with a measured amount of cement
and enough amount of water. All the materials should mix well, the powder cement and water
forms a paste which bonds the aggregates together. Concrete is mixed in approved mechanical
bath mixer machine for two-three minutes after adding water
Mix proportion is based on strength required. There are two types of proportioning of
concrete ingredients. These are volume batching and weight batching.
In site it is through done through volume bathing with a ratio of 1: 2:3 and .035m3 0f water.
Can be mixed either by hand or by machine, In it is mixed by machine for 2-3 minutes.
2) Placing and compaction of concrete The formwork for the concrete (beam, column, and
slab) has been completed. There enforcement steel has been set, tied, and fastened in its
position in the forms. The materials for the concrete have been Prepared, and the
concrete has been mixed. We are now ready to Place the concrete in the forms. The
concrete should be placed and vibrated before its setting starts.
The following precautions should be taken while placing the concrete:
Concrete should be laid continuously to avoid irregular and unsightly lines. To avoid sticking
of concrete, formwork should be oiled before concreting.

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 When placing concrete the position of formwork and reinforcement should not be
disturbed.
 To avoid segregation, concrete should not be dropped height more than 1m.
 Concrete should not be placed in rains.
 Walking in freshly laid concrete should be avoided.
Concrete should be placed immediately be placed in the structure and should be compacted
before placing the next layer.
Leveling concrete
When all the concrete has been placed, the concrete surface should be at the same level as
the top of the form. To level the concrete, we use a Straight edge rests on screeds (guides
for leveling the surface) and leveling survey.
Compaction of concrete
Compaction is use to reduce the voids in the concrete. Vibrators produce
vibrations which when transmitted to Plastic c o n c r e t e m a k e i t t o f l o w a n d a f f e c t
compaction.
Purpose of compaction is to eliminate an entrapped air from the concrete so that concrete is
less permeable and good bond between reinforcement and concrete is achieved
O v e r v i b r a t i o n s h o u l d n o t b e a l l o w e d a s otherwise coarse aggregate

particles will get concentrated at the lower layers and only mortar will be left at the
top surface.
Vibrator is also known as needle, poker or immersion vibrator. It consists of a

power unit and a long flexible tube at the end of which a vibrating head is attached.
Whenever compaction is t o b e d o n e , t h e v i b r a t i n g h e a d i s i n s e r t e d i n c o n c r e t e .
T h i s i s v e r y u s e f u l f o r c o m p a c t i o n o f concrete works.
Compaction has two methods

 Roding(by hand) : is used for thin section by pushing iron bar inside and outside
of concrete
 Vibrator (by machine): is used for heavy sections .And this method is used in
defence at current.
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Concrete making process at site
Figure 2.7 Concrete making process at site

The capacity of the mixer machine in our site is:
- One quintal cement
-Four box fine aggregate

-Six box coarse aggregate and
-60 liters of water
The mix ratio for the preparation of concrete to be in cast in site is 1:2:3. This ratio is based on
the size of the box provided for proportion the materials of concrete.
The size of the box for the different concrete grades is; 20cm
16 cm
For C-20-------- 50*40*20cm 40cm
For C-25-------- 50*40*18cm 50cm
For C-30---------- 50*40*16cm

Properties of concrete

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The properties of concrete are its characteristics of the basic qualities during its fresh and
hardened state. The fresh and hardened properties of concrete are described below.
1) Properties of fresh concrete
Concrete is a freshly mixed material which can be molded in to any shape.
A) Workability: means how easy it is to place, compact and finish a concrete mix.
 Concrete that is to stiff or dry may be difficult to place, compact and finish and, it is not
constructed properly.
 Workability is affected by the following factors.
1. The amount of cement paste: the more paste mixed with aggregates the mix will work
able.
2. The aggregate grading: well graded aggregate improves the work ability of mix.
To increase the workability of mix,
 Use well graded aggregate
 Use correct water-cement ratio
Work ability of concrete was checked its easy with which it can be handled from its mixer to
its finally compacted shape.
The three main characteristics consisted in workability are:
a) Consistency= is the measure of wetness.
b) Mobility = is the ease with which the concrete mix flows of in to a completely fills
the formwork.
c) Compressibility=Compacted to remove all trapped air.
*Workability depends on:

 The characteristics and relative proportions of the constituents materials

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 The methods employed conveyance and compaction

 The size, shape and surface roughness of formwork or molds
 The quantity and spacing of reinforcement
B) BLEEDING: Is the tendency for water to rise to the surface. It is caused by excess water;
insufficient fines (cement) mix. The problem of bleeding causes weakness on concrete surface or
it develops alien of weakness
Bleeding can be prevented or avoided by using finer cement & less water content.
C) SEGREGGATION: It is the tendency for sand cement mortar to separate from coarse
aggregate it is caused by:
-Excessive (in adequate) vibration
-Dropping fresh concrete from a height
-High workability (excess water content) or poor grading (excess workability) .

PROBLEM: Causes strength reduction
PREVENTATION: Can be avoided by using moderate vibration & by not transporting a concrete
over a distance through a rough surface & using well graded aggregates.
2) PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE

A) Strength & durability: well made concrete is naturally strong & durable material. It is dens,
water tight & able to resist change in temperature as well as water fear from weathering.
 Strength of concrete in the hardened state is usually measured by the compressive strength
using a compression test machine.
B) Shrinkage: Occurs when exposed to air (dry), water tends to evaporate from the concrete
surface. It causes:
 Volume reduction or contraction of concrete
 Cracking of concrete
Shrinkages are two types.

Drying shrinkage: appears due to drying of concrete.

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Plastic shrinkage: appears after placement of concrete, caused by a rapid loss of water from the
surface of concrete while setting.
C) CREEP: It is a squeezing out water due to long term stresses.
Concrete curing
Curing is the processes of keeping the fresh concrete under moist condition and favorable
temperature so that hydration may continue until concrete gains strength.
Methods of concrete curing
There are different methods of concrete curing. The following are some of them.
I. Pounding for flat surface like slab by sand dike around the perimeter of a concrete
slab to retain pond of water. This method is available in our intern site.
II. Spraying of water to the concrete
III. Covering the surface with a layer of canvas, Hessian, sacking or similar absorbent
material and keeping it wet constantly by spraying with water from time to time.
Purpose of curing
 To prevent water from evaporation
 To increase the strength of concrete
 To prevent concrete from cracking
Removing form work
The process of removing the formwork from around the concrete is called
striping the formwork. The men must work carefully when removing the forms so
that they do not damage or break the parts. Form materials can be reused and this
reduces or lowers the cost of construction. After all the form parts have been
removed the workers clean and store for future use.
Back fill
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Refill trench or other excavation with the soil dust out of it. Particle size and shop are also
important when specifying a back fill. All internal back felling is done with selected material
carried from another place.
Procedure for back fill

 Select material is prepared from borrowed site
 Checking all black cotton soils are removed from the hole before back filling
 Checking all ground trenches and places where back filling shall be executed are
Cleaned from grass bush and pieces of wood
 Make sign per 20cm -60 cm on the foundation column. The compaction is
different for different compaction machine. Which is 20 cm for hand machine and 60
cm for vehicle (roller). All backfilling to be layer and compacted to 95% maximum dry
density in accordance with standard technical specification
 Then fill up to footing pad and compact it
 Any material which after repeated compaction does not fulfill the requirement is removed
and replaced.
 Fill up to the bottom part of grade beam and compact with proper machine mix of the
selected material.
FIgare2.8 backfill and compaction

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11. Trench excavation - Trench excavation is take place after backfill is carried out.
It excavate at a depth of 1m below the natural ground surface also it serves
Figare2.9 trench excavation and masonry

12. Construction of masonry wall and retain walls
Masonry walls- is made up of stone and attached by mortar. The main purpose of masonry
wall is supporting the backfill from falling and preventing entry of water in to the foundation
which may cause a serious damage on the sub structure of the building
Stone masonry walls will be
 The stone is hard sound, free from cracks and decay and not Weathered.
 The stone is freshly quarried from an approved quarry.
 The stone masonry execution is with specified mortar and with well finished mortars.
 Stone masonry during execution is kept free from solid and other Kind of dirty.
 Stone walling is carried up with no portion more than 1000mm above a decent wall at
any one time.
 The wall is in plump
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 The type, size and pattern of lying is as detailed on drawing.

 All stone masonry walling comply with the standard technical and Specification.
The distance adjoin during a masonry by stone should be 1/3L of the stone from the
reference. This has an advantage
 To prevent crack
 To increase decoration and to respond strength
 To check either the stone masonry is vertical or not we have checked
by using a plump bob and to check either it is 900 or not we check by
using “a scadra”
 All mortar for stone masonry bedding and jointing is 2mm thick.
Mortar is prepared in site with a ratio of 1:3 i.e. (cement: sand) and
it is a cement mortar type
 All stone masonry walling comply with the standard technical
specification of the drawing.
i. Construction of retaining wall
The purpose of retaining wall is to resist the horizontal forces produced by soils on a wall
without excessive moment.
The selection of the most appropriate type of retaining wall for a particular application is
largely based on the height of soil to be retained.
During construction of retaining wall

 All stones are of good and approved quality
 All stones and the wall are kept free from soil and other kind of dirt.
 The mix proportion of mortar should be approved(1:3)
 All retaining wall construction complies with standard technical specifications
Good faces while performing my task

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 Fast and transparent office work

 Motivation of workers and employers
 Give many job opportunities for intern students
 Well communication with intern students
Challenges face while performing my task
In the internship period I felt good and it was very comfortable, but some challenges have
faced especially in the beginning of internship season.
 Difficulty to adapt site environment

 The staffs feel me as a student not as professional
 Unusual environmental conditions (cold, windy, sunny and dusty environment)
 Availability harmful materials like nail, steel, iron sheet which cuts body and
clothes.
MEASURES
 Asking site engineers and office engineers how to adapt the office and site
environment also it was satisfactory.
 Share experience with engineers.
 Wearing necessary protection (i.e. jacket, hat, shoes, etc.) and The environment
was adapted with time to time

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CHAPTER THREE
DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE OVERALL BENEFITS THAT IS I HAVE GAINED
FROM THE INTERNSHIP
 I have got a lot of benefits from my internship duration time among those benefits are
listed below.
3.1) Benefits in terms of practical skills
I have gained the following benefits related to practical skills
1) Building construction (erecting structure)
- Construction steps i.e. which construction should comes first and which construction
comes next.
- How and when to prepare the raw materials for construction materials
- How to handle materials
- How to erect from works and the respective building components
Generally I have gained the following things.
A) site operation
I have familiarized operations on site through practical activities at site, by
observing during perform some activities which I don’t know and through
asking questions.
It is vital that I found to see the actual process, understanding the detailing
practices of working on site and their limitations which impose on the design and
justifying on the problem faced to the possible way of solution.
B) Reading drawing
I have learnt from reading drawing the following
 look for specification information

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 follow cross – reference between drawings

 visualize the structure I view, plan and elevation
 understanding arrangements of bars in reinforcement details i.e
Their shape of bend, their required length, their diameter, the type of stirrup to be needed
and their amount (number of requirement) etc and which types of structural part they are to be
placed.
C) Cost of materials
At site both by looking the activities performed (works) through and by asking colleges
which works at site I have got the prices of different materials available for construction purpose
at site. These materials I have know includes
 Price of a reinforcement
 Price of sand (fine aggregate) and coarse aggregate
 Price (cost) of both backfill and transport material
 Rent of different machines like excavators, compactor, vibrator, mixer
D) practical skills I have gained includes :-
 How to check the alignments of columns by a different methods in order to place (erect)
a reinforcement and form work on their correct positions machine
 Other or levels. (see on the site activities which is briefly described about column
alignment )
 How and where to place a negative bars, electrical installations with their appropriate wire
 I have gained or learnt also a problem can be solved easily through a shard knowledge
(experienced) knowledge
3.2) benefits I have gained in terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge

Much more I am success in my life by learning about the civil engineering courses when I
match application of those course with that of the practical world i.e. what I have learnt at class
gained of the practical site. In short internships memorize the important conceptual theoretical
parts that I have learned.
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Among the important ones that the internship upgrades my theoretical parts includes:
 Applications and steps of mix design
 Placement, transport, and curing in concrete with its appropriate handling
 Selection of economic materials and safety during working process
 Details of reinforcement bars for the different components of a structural part
 Preparation and use of form works
3.3) benefits I have gained in terms of improving communication skills

Communication is a process of exchanging on conveying information and message in an
attempt to create shared understanding.
From the definition I have put above particularly from underlined phrase internship helps me to
understand what seems to be my communication skill (style) with different groups of people both
(engineers and the other workers) who works at site together.
Thus it helps me in the following ways:-
1) To have high level of self awareness to creating good and long lasting impression on
others
2) To understand how to perceive me
3) To make others comfortable by selecting appropriate behavior that suits my personality
while listening their communication of work place during working time.
4) Helps me to communicate with a purpose i.e when their a purpose communication such
important things are obtained like :
-obtain information, direction, understand others, problems can be solved, share interests,
see how another person feels, show supports etc.
5) Helps me to ensure mutual understanding
6) Helps me to diagnose my previous communication styles
7) To have a good supportive message communication i.e. communication concerns with
respect others like:
 Offering to help out on project
 Listening what they want to say about

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 Doing nice things for my coworkers

 Showing respect for others views and telling
8) To understand and appreciate diversity and multicultural work environment
9) To understand corporate mission, vision and business plan and
10) Involvement of the concerned business units facilitates creation of effective
communication etc
3.4) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving team playing skills

Skill is the ability to apply knowledge and teams are a group of people work together.

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Therefore team skills are the ability to apply group knowledge in a common and shared manner
Figure 3.1communication with interns

As engineering work is a team work, when engineers need to be able to communicate at site
through thoughts, ideas, and plans themselves and to other specialists

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Their team’s discussion reflects on my perception that through team communication the
following ideas can be performed
 Problems can be solved
 All aspects of design, manufacturing and support have to be coordinated
 I understand also that developed teams are used to complete their projects
successfully, increase the quality of their work, increase their productivity,
lowers of their implementation skills and eliminate costly and timely re-
designs
In addition to the above items I have also learnt about being team playing
skills to be fulfill the following essential things in my future career
- Have self interest about team work
- Company needs tasks to have a team play
- Politeness and take orientation
- Friendliness avoids sexist about team attempts
Generally I have gained and improved my attitude towards being a play team skill
attributes.
Hence it creates on my mind that team is a way of facial expression during the working life
to have smiling, happiness, friendliness warmth liking and affiliation at work place.
3. 5) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving leader ship skills

As I am being a trainer the tasks assigned to me are not much leadership. I was at the
bottom or near the bottom of the organizational ladder being a trainer especially at the time when
I enter to the company until I adopt all activities that performs at site. But I have learnt that the
way how the project managers lead the respective teams, for mans leads its coworkers and the
like at work place.
In addition the above skills I have also learnt the following traits as being a leader ship
- How to set a good example though one’s own description and hard work
- The approach team members in considerable friendly and humble manner
- How encourage teams in return in good performance
- Be strict and demanding when necessary

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3.6) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving understanding work

ethics
Among the important items that I have learnt about the work ethics issues at site, the most
essential and life leading one I get is being an honest during working time and at any work place.
 Honest builds mutual trust and corporation that is circular in bring about free and open
exchange of ideas anywhere.
3.7) Benefits I have gained in terms of entrepreneurship skills

Internship plays a great role for improving my entrepreneurship skills in multidirectional
ways.
Among these ways some of that I have gained benefits includes:-

 Increases my attitude to be creative and innovative through practical knowledge
 How organize and control resources to ensure the profit for my business
 The way how to manage and own my business
 How to identify new products (services) opportunities
 Desire for immediate feed back
 Be skilled at organizing are professional
 To be desire for responsibility

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CONCLUSION
All in all, I think it would be fair to say the internship program has been a helpful
experience in exposing us to the real engineering work. It can also be categorized as an
exciting event depending upon how excited one really is to put his theoretical knowledge into
practice. It had its ups and downs but in the end it left us with knowledge that we wouldn’t
acquire if we spent the time learning in the university.
Also this program create an opportunity to think “in what way should we learn and what
type knowledge should we have to gather before we leave. For the student the program open
the space to have some relation with some personnel and company.
The internship duration time met all the feelings that I would expected to fulfill
and to know as such my success has surpassed my expectation it has opened my eyes working
life enlightened the socially and matured me as a trainer that appears a good way for my job life.
Thus, internship has strengthened my technical knowledge and enables me that to in

target theory with engineering practice.
The internship is very important because:-

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 The student try to work the professionals work

 The student try to observe the relation and difference between practical and theoretical
skill
 The intern understand the problem face at work and there solution
 To refresh the students’ because learning theory for 5 year is so difficult and boring but
the internship has great role to get reasonable knowledge.
RECOMMENDATION
For the host companies
I would like to recommend to defence construction to improve and to give attention for the
safety of materials and healthy of the employers.
Material handling method

I should recommend particularly for the reinforcements.
Steel reinforcements were not stored on the wood bed prepared so that would be resulting
in contact with moisture and soils. As such case the reinforcements are highly exposed to
corrosion and loss of their strength. Therefore, steel bars should be stored in suitable surface
to protect such problems.
Some services at the project

I should recommend particularly for the facilities(services) like
 Toilet
 Not enough cafeteria
 Clinic to give first aide when any injury is happen.

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 Not enough computer facilities, particularly for the trained students that would help
the students to practice and helps them on different software
Therefore, I recommended the company to provide enough the service in a well or in
a good manner for to next.
For the university
I would like to recommend to Aksum university to add the following software systems to
the under graduate curriculum students (whenever necessary) is a look these software are much a
key to the civil engineering works at site particularly at office.
 AUTOCAD,
 SAP,
 ETAPS,
 EAGLE POINT and other important software’s
GRESSORY
MOND…..minister of national defense

Φ…...a symbol that indicate diameter
∑……………total summation
Plum pope…………………the instrument used to check vertical triteness

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REFERENCE
1) document of the company
2) Hand book of building design
3) Knowledge of the professionals
4) Other document

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AKSUM UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 0

Declaration of the Student and the approval of the mentor

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 1

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 2

Objective of the internship

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 3

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 4

Table of Contents page

DESCRIPTION OF OVERALL INTERN SHIP EXPERIENCES 8

2.1 How I get the company……………………………………………………………..8

DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE OVERALL BENEFITS THAT I HAVE

Prepared by: Gebreyohannes tekle internship report 2005 E.C 5

3.3) benefits I have gained in terms of improving communication skills

3.4) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving team playing skills

3. 5) Benefits I have gained in terms of improving leader ship skills

List of figures and Tables

Chart1.1 organization of the copany………………………………………………………………………………6

Chart 1.2 Workflow of the company…………..…………………………………………………

Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chart2.1 ingredient of concret……………………………………………………………..23

Figure 2.1 column form work ……………………………………………………………………18

Figure 2.3 slab formwork and scaffolding………………….…………………………………………………19

Figure 2.4 reinforcement handling……………………………………..………………………20

Figure 2.5 stare case.............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.23

Figure 2.7 Concrete making process at site……………………………………….27

FIgare2.8 backfill and compaction..........................................................................................32

Table1.2 Road Construction……………….…………………………………………………………5

Table2.1. Format of takeoff sheet……………………………………………………….……………………………………9

Table 2.2 takeoff sheet for reinforcement bar…………………………………………..…Error!

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BACKGROUND OF THE HOSTING COMPANY DEFENCE CONSTRACTION

1.1 Brief history

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1.2 Main Products or Services of the Company

 Building construction works

No. Project Title Employer Contract Value

1 Harar Apartment Project MOND 105,864,801.64

2 Awash Arba Apartment MOND 71,793,983.07

3 Dire Dawa Referral Hospital 128,055,553.29

4 Kality Apartment MOND 74,338,793.96

5 Mekele Apartment MOND 152,897,945.00

6 Mekele Staff College Lot-1 MOND 94,283,174.77

7 Mekele Staff College Lot-2 MOND 109,974,068.00

8 Shire Apartment MOND 81,421,134.03

9 Shire Hospital MOND 79,180,073.00

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10 Moyale INSA MOND 13,552,944.28

11 Dolo Ado Technical School MOND 9,241,179.43

12 Addis Ababa post office project MOND 13,859,872.66

A.A Integrated Land

Table1.2 Road Construction

No. Project Title Employer Contract Value

1 Wukro Access Road Project MOND 19,067,189.68

2 Shigubi-Berehale-Dallol Access Road Project MOND 143,747,961.70

3 Bishoftu Town Road Project MOND 56,120,683.35

4 Gode-Hillala Road Project MOND 91,960,818.30

5 Combat Engineering Compund Road Project MOND 6,968,186.09