геометрия 9

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a a+b
2 2


$$+"ST"$ *GUR,(( . ( $ -
a a

l1 l2 l3
$&$PRQ)$( -
a b
$(  l k l k l = AO = 2 x x a

 =
OM 1 y b
a
1 2 3 M y
a x O
y b y
x A
b

B
"$ * V $a$++Pb W=XYcMZ?
2 2 2

M
∠C = 90◦ ⇐⇒
CM = 21 AB a
a1
h
c
b1
# )$ - h = ab/c
(  PP23' n. 2&  M - P = 2πra =Sa =c Phr == πra b
C A 2 2
b 1 1 1
∗ 1 2

V '[( MS( \= S180= ·180 Z I#E#J4EG]_^?=?`<=a=?b+c#:?de@+=?`<=3f`gd


2

n (n − 2)
◦ ◦ ∗
S = 360 3 4

S = 12 ah = 21 ab sin ϕ = b
b c b

jh i_k EA5l+Lm>#=?@#A+n
h p h h δ
= p(p − a)(p − b)(p − c)
o Sr sptGu = ah = ab sin ϕ
ϕ ϕ

h
a+b+c

#
I #
E 4
J G
E _
] ?
^ ?
= <
` =
a p= a a

Sv tsprGu = (a + b)h
2

r =?b#c+:pA3@+@#=?`m=qe@#=?`m=3f`<=3E#F?@#c#HA o
S = pr
Swpxzy { u = d d sin δ
1
2
1
2 1 2

b1 b2
k
r k⊥r
$(  
a2
C1 C2
a1 k1

$(  
∠C1 = ∠C2 S1
= a 1 b1 k1 = k 2
S2 a 2 b2 k2
S1
41 ∼ 4 2 S2 = k2
n◦/2

|'$(&Sa}6SaM}2& = *~*M2& $ V Nq0}(€%60*"$&‚M%"}~Z


O n ◦
n◦/2 O O
n◦ n◦ n◦

2&"$&)*~R (=$&}R6U*} = *2 1

V "$ *R (&$ }ƒR*~"$„‚M%"}Z


2
1
2

B1 C2 B1 . 2&R(& ⇐⇒
C1
a b

. 2&R'(& ⇐⇒
A C1 A B2 a+c=b+d
$$+P),$& GU6( $&M) U -
B2 C2 d c
K
A B
∠A + ∠C = ∠B + ∠D =
AB1 · AC1 = AB2 · AC2 = AK 2 = 180◦ D C

| V $)6$&$$+( $&[$&),,(&(&(&(&$&$&( ($ Z |$$2*†$%&$ ‡V )‡( Uƒ$$?$*~$(&$&[M$ˆ$Z  .


c
c sin α
√ B
$&$P(&(&' -
h B„=>GA€I#c+f :‰=?=b#c#:?dG=?H#>+f&=Š52R
2 60◦ 2

@d
α 1 1 a b c

$&$P2(&M( ' - o
c cos α c a sin A sin B sin C
30◦ 45◦
√ R
3 1
sin α A b C
1 sin2 α + cos2 α = 1
‹( $$?*$& 
α
tg α = sin α/ cos α c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
cos α
xA +xB yA +yB
‚M%P%

; AB
‚M( 
2 2
ax + by + c = 0
(x − xO )2 + (y − yO )2 = R2
− −→
AB =p {xB − xA ; y√
B − yA } ~a = xa~ı + ya~
|~a| = x2a + ya2 = ~a 2 ~a · ~b = |~a||~b| cos ϕ = xa xb + ya yb
~a k ~b ⇐⇒ ~a = λ~b ~a ⊥ ~b ⇐⇒ ~a · ~b = 0
Œ$2Sa$8(&G2*~Sa$Y"S
a a
2
3

,(&( $( SŽ$&$2*%SY#  , (&(&$&(&( $2$&',$?*\ 4


bka 1 bka

$(  α + β = 180  α + β = 90 #   ∠1 = ∠2 ⇒ ∠2 = ∠3


*'$&$’"$ *SY“
$‘ ( ‚*M( ”$ . -
◦ 1 1 ◦
2 2
a−x+b−x =c⇒
2&•*ˆ
$ &PP–—"$ .. €*$ p == p − c
a−x a−x a+b−c
x= 2

*Y( G$&7' . a+b+c

}R*&G
x b−x 2

x b−x
b E B b C B b C

B C
a−b
2
a+b
2
b a−b
2

A D
A
h a−b E
BE k CD
b

o
D A
CE k BD)
h a D b E

SABCD = 12 (a + b)h = SACE

$&$PWXY7*%
A
4ACH ∼ 4CBH ∼ 4ABC B C

˜ $"$' "$&\
S
H 4ADO ∼ 4CBO
kS O kS

h ;3d HMd&=?@#c™b#>#=?b#=?>#rš+c#=?@GA€EG+F?@#r› n = rn o
k2 S
C B 2 2 2
ACH CBH ABC A D
AC CB AB
B B1 A B A1 B A1
D

C C
C C O

n
A A1 A B1 B1
B A
4ABC ∼ 4A1 B1 C 4ABC ∼ 4BDC 4ABC ∼ 4A1 B1 C 4ABC ∼ 4A1 B1 C
A1 C B1 C
AC
= BC
= | cos C|

' Sa} œ)$(  .


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(€%‡ŽžŽ' S5U
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