wk13 ETHICS IN RESEARC1
wk13 ETHICS IN RESEARC1
wk13 ETHICS IN RESEARC1
Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our
relationship with others. Ethics differ from legal constraints, in which generally accepted
standards have defined penalties that are universally enforced. The goal of ethics in research is
to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities.
Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics
involving scientific research. These include the design and implementation of research involving
human experimentation, animal experimentation, various aspects of academic scandal, including
scientific misconduct (such as fraud, fabrication of data and plagiarism), whistle blowing;
regulation of research, etc.
Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods
and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do
not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public.
Objectivity
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review,
personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where
objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose
personal or financial interests that may affect research.
Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought
and action.
Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work and
the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection,
research design, and correspondence with agencies or journals.
Openness
Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Confidentiality
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication,
personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
Responsible Publication
Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career.
Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.