COLUMNS Design of Short Columns

𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = k
𝐻𝑜
, 𝜆𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = k
𝐻𝑜 For tied columns:
𝑡 𝑏
𝑃𝑢 = 0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝐴𝑐 + 0.67𝑓𝑦 . 𝐴𝑠
𝜆2 . 𝑡 𝜆2 . 𝑏
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = , 𝛿𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 =
2000 2000 For spiral columns:
Braced Unbraced 𝑃𝑢 = 0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝐴𝑐 + 0.76𝑓𝑦 . 𝐴𝑠
Short Long Short Long
Rec ≤ 15 15~30 ≤ 10 10~23 𝑃𝑢 = 0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝐴𝑘 + 0.67𝑓𝑦 . 𝐴𝑠 + 1.38𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑝 𝑉𝑠𝑝
Circular ≤ 12 12~25 ≤ 8 8~18
𝐷𝑘 . 𝐴𝑠𝑝
𝑉𝑠𝑝 = 𝜋
𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 3~8𝑐𝑚
Moment Transformation Reinforcement Notes:
𝑡 ′ = 𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝑠−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑐−𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗ 0.6%
′
𝑏 = 𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝑠−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑐−𝑟𝑒𝑞 ∗ 0.8%
𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦
𝑅𝑥 = ′
, 𝑅𝑦 = ′ 4%𝐴𝑐 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑡 𝑏
𝐴𝑠−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = { 5%𝐴𝑐 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑥 > 𝑅𝑦 6%𝐴𝑐 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑡′ 0.25
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 𝑀𝑥 + β . 𝑀𝑦 . ′ 𝑉𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠/𝑚′ ≥ 𝑉 ′
𝑏 100 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐/𝑚
𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑦 > 𝑅𝑥 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 0.25
𝐴𝑐𝑠−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 ∗ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 𝑁𝑜. ≥ 𝑏. 𝑡
𝑏′ 𝑚′ 100
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 𝑀𝑦 + β . 𝑀𝑥 .
𝑡′ 0.25 + 0.052𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐴𝑠−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏. 𝑡 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑃𝑢 ⁄𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝑏. 𝑡 ≤ 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ≥ 0.6 100
𝛽 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 𝑃𝑢
𝑡𝑓 = 1.1 ∗
(0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢 + 0.0067𝑓𝑦 ) ∗ 𝑏

𝑀𝑢
𝑡𝑚 = 1.1(3~4√ + 5)
𝑓𝑐𝑢 .𝑏
Braced Column Unbraced Column
Lower End Condition Lower End Condition
Upper End Fixed Partially Hinged Upper End Fixed Partially Hinged
Condition Fixed Condition Fixed
Fixed 0.75 0.80 0.90 Fixed 1.2 1.3 1.6
Partially 0.80 0.85 0.95 Partially Fixed 1.3 1.5 1.8
Fixed Hinged 1.6 1.8 -
Hinged 0.9 0.95 1.00 Free 2.2 - -

Uniaxial Moment 𝑀𝑥2 + 𝑀𝑥−𝑎𝑑𝑑

𝑚𝑥 = max 𝑜𝑓 {
𝑃𝑢 . 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛
M2
𝑀𝑦2 + 𝑀𝑦−𝑎𝑑𝑑
M1 + Madd ⁄2 𝑚𝑦 = max 𝑜𝑓 {
, 𝑃𝑢 . 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛
Mi = 0.4M1 + 0.6M2 ≥ 0.4M2
𝑚𝑓 = M + M { 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣. 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 𝑃𝑂𝑆𝐼𝑇𝐼𝑉𝐸
i add
𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣. 𝑀1 𝑁𝐸𝐺𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝐸
,
2𝑐𝑚
{ 𝑃𝑢 . 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 = {
0.05𝑡

Biaxial Moment
𝑚𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥2
𝑀𝑦−𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑚𝑦 = max 𝑜𝑓 {
𝑃𝑢 . 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛
Section Subjected to M, N
NOTE
𝑀𝑢𝑠
𝑃𝑢 𝑖𝑓 𝐶1 < 2.67, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑 ′ = 0.1𝑑 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝛼.
𝑓𝑦 .𝐽.𝑑
𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝑏. 𝑡
𝑐/𝑑 𝛼 = 0.0 𝛼 = 0.2 𝛼 = 0.4 𝛼 = 0.6
≤ 0.04 ≡ Beam C1 J C1 J C1 J C1 J
≥ 0.04 , e = 𝑀 ⁄𝑃 0.50 2.65 0.696 2.34 0.713 2.00 0.730 1.61 0.748
𝑒 0.48 2.69 0.703 2.38 0.719 2.03 0.735 1.64 0.751
< 0.05 ≡ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 0.46 2.73 0.710 2.42 0.724 2.07 0.739 1.68 0.753
𝑡
0.44 2.78 0.717 2.46 0.730 2.11 0.743 1.71 0.7556
𝑒
0.3 > > 0.05 ≡ 𝐼𝐷, 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 0.42 2.83 0.723 2.51 0.735 2.16 0.747 1.75 0.759
𝑡 0.40 2.89 0.730 2.56 0.741 2.20 0.751 1.79 0.762
𝑒 0.38 2.95 0.737 2.62 0.746 2.26 0.755 1.83 0.765
0.5 > > 0.3 ≡ 𝐼𝐷, 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
𝑡 0.36 3.01 0.744 2.68 0.752 2.31 0.760 1.88 0.767
0.34 3.09 0.751 2.75 0.758 2.37 0.764 1.93 0.770
0.32 3.17 0.758 2.82 0.763 2.44 0.768 1.98 0.773
𝑒 𝑡
> 0.5 , 𝑒𝑠 = 𝑒 + − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 0.3 3.26 0.765 2.91 0.769 2.51 0.772 2.05 0.776
𝑡 2 0.28 3.36 0.772 3.00 0.774 2.59 0.776 2.11 0.778
𝑀𝑢𝑠 = 𝑃𝑢 . 𝑒𝑠 0.26 3.47 0.779 3.10 0.780 2.68 0.781 2.19 0.781
0.24 3.59 0.786 3.21 0.785 2.78 0.785 2.27 0.784
𝑀𝑢𝑠
𝑑 = 𝑀𝑢𝑠 𝐶1 √
𝑓𝑐𝑢 . 𝑏

𝑀𝑢𝑠 𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = −
𝑓𝑦 . 𝐽. 𝑑 𝑓𝑦 /𝛾𝑠

𝐴′𝑠 = 0.2~0.4𝐴𝑠
Section Subjected to Torsion Torsion:
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑏. 𝑡 𝑑+𝑐
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑀𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 ∗
2
𝐴𝑜ℎ = 𝑥1 . 𝑦1 = (𝑡 − 2𝑐 ). (𝑏 − 2𝑐)
𝑀𝑢
𝑚𝑢 =
𝐴𝑜 = 0.85𝐴𝑜ℎ , 𝑃ℎ = 2(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 ) 2𝐴𝑜 . 𝑡𝑒

𝑡𝑒 = 𝐴𝑜ℎ ⁄𝑃ℎ For Hollow Section:

Check of Shear: 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝑞𝑢 + 𝑚𝑢

𝑑+𝑐 For Solid Section:

𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑊𝑠𝑢 ∗
2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ √𝑞𝑢2 + 𝑚𝑢2
𝑄𝑢
𝑞𝑢 =
𝑏. 𝑑 𝑚𝑐𝑢 = 0.19(0.06)√𝑓𝑐𝑢 ⁄𝛾𝑐

𝑞𝑐𝑢 = 0.75(0.24)√𝑓𝑐𝑢 ⁄𝛾𝑐 = 9.683 𝐾𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 𝑀𝑢 . 𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑟 =
2𝐴𝑜 ( 𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 ⁄𝛾𝑠 )
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.2(0.7)√𝑓𝑐𝑢 ⁄𝛾𝑐 == 28.4 𝐾𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 < 30
𝑃ℎ 𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟
𝑞𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑞𝑢 − 0.5𝑞𝑐𝑢 𝐴𝑠𝑙 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑟 .
𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑞𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 ⁄𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝑛⁄𝑏. 𝑠 , 𝑛 = 4, 𝑖𝑓 𝑏 > 40𝑐𝑚 √𝑓𝑐𝑢 ⁄𝛾𝑐
CHECK: 𝐴𝑠𝑙−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1.455(0.46) . 𝐴𝑐 − 𝐴𝑠𝑙
𝑓𝑦
𝑞𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 ⁄𝑏. 𝑠
4
𝑏. 𝑠
CHECK: 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑟−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ∗𝑏∗𝑠 2𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟−𝑡𝑜𝑟 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟−𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 ≥ 0.35 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 2
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 ⁄𝛾𝑠
4𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟−𝑡𝑜𝑟 +𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟−𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏.𝑠
≥ 0.35 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 4
2 𝑓𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 ⁄𝛾𝑠

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ≫ 𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
40𝑏