KINGDOM PLANTAE

Seedless
Non-vascular Seed plants
vascular
plants Gymnosperms
plants

Anthocerophyta

Coniferophyta
Hepatophyta

Cycadophyta
Gnetophyta

Anthophyta
Pterophyta
Bryophyta

Lycophyta
No. Feature

1 Dominant gametophyte ✓ ✓ ✓
2 Dominant sporophyte ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
3 Photosynthetic gametophyte ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
4 Photosynthetic sporophyte ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Differentiated into gametophytes stem,
leaves and rhizoids
✓ ✓ ✓
Differentiated into sporophytes true
5
stem, root and leaves
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
6 Vascular plants/tissues ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
7 Heteromorphic alternation of generation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
8 Multicellular gametangia ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
9 Multicellular sporangia ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Gametangia and sporangia having
10
Sterile walls
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
11 Flagellated/ciliated sperms ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
12 Fertilization depends on external water ✓ ✓ ✓
Fertilization doesn’t depend on watery
13
medium
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
14 Formation of an embryo ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Sporophyte lives on gametophyte
15
throughout the life time
✓ ✓ ✓
 Undifferentiated sporophyte into stems
16
and roots
✓ ✓ ✓
17 Gametophyte’s bearings rhizoids ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
18 Unisexual/dioicous gametophytes ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
19 Bisexual/monoecious gametophytes ✓
20 Thalloid gametophytes ✓ ✓ ✓
Sporophyte having foodceta and
21
capsule
✓
22 Formation of protamine ✓
23 Homosporous ✓ ✓ ✓
24 heterosporous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
25 Seeds ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
26 Naked seeds ✓ ✓ ✓
27 Covered seeds ✓
28 Compound leaves ✓ ✓
29 zorite ✓ ✓
30 Zorite with indicium ✓
31 Heart shaped gametophyte ✓
32 Heterophylas leaves ✓
33 strobilus ✓
Sporangia located on upper surface of
34
sporophylls
✓
Sporangia located on ventured
35
sporophylls
✓ ✓
36 microphylls ✓
37 megaphylls ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Gametophytes powered by sporophyte
38
tissues
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Co functional mega spores produced in
39
megasporangium
✓
40 Single function megasporangium ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Megaspores released from
41
megasporangium
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Megaspores are not released from
42
megasporangium
✓ ✓ ✓
Gametophytes surrounded by spore
43
walls
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
44 Microscopic gametophytes ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
45 Macroscopic gametophytes
Embryo depends on female
46
gametophytes
47 Perineal plants ✓
48 Circinate vernation ✓
49 cones ✓
Male and female cones on same
50
sporophyte
✓
51 Formation of ovules ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
52 Sporopollenin in pollen walls ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Ovules, attached on lateral margin of
53
megasporophylls
54 Dioecious sporophytes ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
55 Pollen formation ✓
56 Xylem with vessel elements ✓ ✓
57 carpels ✓
58 Flowers ✓
59 Fruits ✓
60 Non vascular plants ✓ ✓ ✓
Sieve tube elements and companion
61
cells in phloem
✓
62 Sieve cells in phloem ✓ ✓
63 Water conduction only through tracheid ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
64 Sperms without flagella ✓
65 Ovules, located in carpels ✓
66 Apical meristems ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
67 Walled spores ✓ ✓ ✓
68 Stomata ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Seeds similar to fruits bearing fleshy
69
seedcoats
✓
70 Underground rhizomes stem ✓
71 Dichotomous branch of roots ✓
72 Evolution of roots ✓ ✓