plant Kingdom

multicell Eukaryotic
Autotroph
plant Kingdom

cryptogamous phenero_ga
visible sex
Hidden SEK
organ
without seed seeded
organ

Thallophyte Pteridophyte
feed
Algae Bryophyte
Liverwort
gyhnosperm angiot
Moss
1
NAKED SEED

8 Estatinside
ovary wall

covered
SEEd

spermatophyte gymno Angiosperm

 vascular tissue Xylem Phloem
Ist vascular plant pteridophyte
in pteridophyte gymnosperm xylem
vessel absent
XYLEM TISSUE
found in only
X vessel Angiosperm
3
X tracheid found in all
X parenchyma
4 X fibres

Tracheiophyte plants which Have

tracheids
Ex pterido gymno Angiosperm

Note phloem has 4 type of cell's

sieve tube in only Angiosperm
companion cap
P fibres
P parenchyma
 N
Alga

zygotic meiosis
male
female gamete
N
gamete
NI

fertilisation
21
zygote

Ist embryophyte Bryophyte

Amphibian of plant Kingdom

system of classification
1
Artificial system of classification
Based on simple
morphology re Leaf size gross
Number colour

Herbs
Aristotle 1 shrub
tree
 Linneaus Drawback that HE
equal Importance to
gave both and reproductive
veg
character

be
vegetative character can
Environent
changed with
While reproductive character are

conservative in nature
2 Natural system of classification
based on natural Affinities
Among organism

Study morphology Anatomy

embryology phytochemistry
Bentham and Hooker

3
phylogenetic system of classification
Based upon evolutionary relationship
among organism
Assume that an organism belonging
to same taxa have common
ancestor

fossils play an Imp to E

by and prant
given Engles
Later Improved by Hutchinson
 Thallophyte Algae
1 I
Thallus plant

Algae Have thallus hike plant body

means plant body not divided into
root stem leaf
mostly Aquatic L fresh water
marine water

nonvascular plant body

Alga Have large variation in

size and forms

Chlaymidomonas motile
unicelli microscopic
Volvox Colonial form
motile colony
Ulothrix spirogyra filamentous
unbranched
Ghara filamentous branched
 in sex
organ Unicelli
Algae
NON Jacketed
Exception Chara is a
green
Alga Sea
organ multicelli Jacketed

LEINO eceious plant in for masciage

Chala
0 mare
female

chase sex
organ
male see organ 91064 E

female n i NUCUIE

NYCHIE
9106418

chara
 Dioecious plant for Divorce
plant body

to
Have only
Rate male female
or
female
flower
Ex Cycas

store food material starch

Cell wall made up cellulose
byMannan
galactan
mineral hike calcium
carbonate
Reproduction
S
Asexual sexual
vegetative
200s pore by gamet
fragmentation formation
endogenous sin
E Gfp fertilisation
2005108
24 Jute
Zoosporangiq
 Haploid
Algae
sexual reproduction
Isogamy 00
Spirogyra
08 Ulothrix

ANISogamous
00 Of
oogamous
female gamete male
size large small
NON motile motile
Number less more

2490 4
meiosis Haploid
gametophyte
Haplontie Lifecycle gametogenesis
Diploid
zygote zygotic meiosis
A
male Female
fusion gamete gamete
 non embryophyte plant
Algae

Classification main basis

food pigment
cell
Flagella
storage wall

Chlorophyleae phacophyceae Rhodophyceae

Common Green Algae Brown Red Algae
Mazor chat b chiate
Algae chiata
sigment Fucoxanthin t.ph kPhycocyanin
loerythri

storage starch mannitol laminatin Floridean

starch
cellulose cellulose cellulose
GEL Algin casiagene
Agar Agar
Flagella 2 8 equal 2 unequal
Apical Absent
lateral
inserted
haymidomo
Has some in
freshwater rare freshwater
Habitat freshwater brackish water mostly in
salt water salt water salt water
brackish water
Chlaymidomonas laminaria graniteria
geladium
chlorella focus porphyra
volvox Dictyota polysiphoni
Ulothrix sargassum
spirogyra Ectocarpus
 Regarding Brown
Algae
in brown Alga Body Divided in
to 3

frond leaf hike

Laminaria
stalk
to Holdfast

frond
f
Air bladder Help
in Flading
Ex focus
Hold fast
in brown Algae tht
Ice
100
grow up to meter

Regarding to Red Algae

t phycoeryth.in
f phycoeym.in chl atd
deep sea water no photosynthetic
organism tat Except Red Algae

contain phycoerythr.in absorb

blue part of
green smight
Complex post
Erent fertilisation
sexual reproduction is oogamous
type Both male female gamete
don't Have flagella
female see
organ flask shaped
called carpogonium
male gamete called spermatium

Economic Importance
photosynthesis
primary producer
food supplements porphyria
Laminaria sargassum
Chlorella free Algae rich in protein
spirulina CBGA Tused by space
traveller
BROWN Red
Hydrocolloids
Algin Basageene are
 water Holding capacity

Agar Agar source is graci lasia

and Geladium
of
FUCUS Laminaria Ie
Bryophyte
Amphibian of plant kingon
seedless
NON cryptogamous
Vascual Plant
Ist Embryophyte plant
Root Like stem hike idea Like
St
see
organ multi cell Jacketed
main plant body called
gametophyte Haploid
provide food
gametophyteshelter to 2N spon past
gametophyte body independent
Diploid sporophyte depend over
 Haploid gametophyte

on funaria capsule
2N

foot A
2N g

F_leaf
fathletophyte
mainaxisgpfpnic.in
Rhizoids

Ee fonaria
select odd on out
to
ftg f 2N
Neporen
male see Anthridium
Archeagonium

N
 I I
wired gameN

preeme
III Anthridium Archegonium

spore
1 male
called gamete
Antherozoid ffffer
egg cell
zooidiogamy
for 56ᵗʰ
sporophyte Eternal testing
Embryo
zygote
Haplo diplontic Life cycle

Liverwort Hepaticopsida
Ex Riccia marchantia
usually grow in moist shady places
Seiophytes
thalloid body Thallus dorsiventral is
substratum
closely appressed to
Asexual reproduction by fragmentation
or formationspecial structure
of
called gamma_CUP in gamma
multicellular green buds
Asexual
develop called
female see gemmule
g organ archegonia
Ao heaophore
gemmule

F Roo Hajj Rhizoids

merchantia
G Anthnidia Dioecious plant
Anthriniophore
gemule

f
n CM
thallos Riccia
monocious

Leafy member porella

with two of heat Like
Appendags
Fusion of Zygote Embryo
gamate
Bryophyte is Ist EDbMQ
plant
 Marchantia Dieceious
Sporophyte more develop
for Sata Capsule
spore dispered by Air
in marchantia for spore
dispersal Elater are found

Vegetative reproduction by
fragmentation
protonema of moss Juvenile
stage further develop into
gametophyte
E fmeria sphagnum polytrichm

sphagnum High water holding

capacity
Cotton moss

en also called moss

sphagom Plft
coat type
 Note used as a transship
most plant part
of
used as a
packaging material

pongtrichum used to
dissore kidney
bladdest
gall stone

pteridophyte
terrestrial plant
2 True not the stem
the leaf at tht
Ist vascular plant
Xylem vessel absent
phloem sieve tube
L comp anion cellis
at
seeless vascular
cryptogenous
in cool damp shady places
grow
main plant body sporophyte
 small size
leaf size microphylls
Lycopodium Seiginella
size
big macrophyllous
FEI
Sporophyll deaf contain
in which sporesporangia
EMBMO producer
24907
1
1 Sporophyte
2N
fusion If
Sporophylls
2N
Eggcell Antherozoids
1
Archegonium sporangia 2N
Edina
spore motherce
gametophyte N
Path
Haploid spore meiosis
N
 pteridophyte Homosporous
Heterotrosporous
similar type Isogamous
dissimala 11 AII Sogamy
Selaginella Solvinia Heterospory
condition
They produce two kind male
of
spore
hit gametophyte
female gameto

in pteridophyte ofseedSEEd 2tHabitBut

formation
initiate in pteridophyte
because Heterospory
Note in pteridophyte female
with
gametophyte attain
parent sporophyte
for variable periods
attachment is called presurcor
OF SEED Habit
 classification
1 TIE 4
to
psilopsida pteropsida
fern
ex
Lycopsida
psilotum Lycopodium Dryopteris
selaginella pteris
Adiatum
Sphenopsida Caudatum
5180511 equisetum
off Horsetail
9150 Called
de fern
walking
ex salvinia
f Node massilia
azona

Rhizoid
_rhizom
equisetum water for fertilisation
Cool damp shady
place to grow because of
this restricte growth spread
of pteridophyte very limited

Economic Imp
Ornamental
 Edible sporocarp in
marcheilia
Equisetum used utensils
in
cleaning
Naked Seed
gymnosperm
gymmo Naked sperm Seed
Seed are Naked because ovule
without ovaly

phenerogamous without ovary

Xylem vessel absent
Xylem tracheid present
sieve tube companion cell absent
At place of companion cell gymnosperm
Have Albuminous 11

Root stem leaf tht

Root Tap root system tht
L pinus tree Root Have fungi
mycorhi 229
Cycas plant Root Have N2
bacteria Anabaena
fixing coralloid roots
Branched Branched Pinus Cedrus
 unbranched Cycas

Needle Like leaf reduce

leaf surface Area prevent water
1055 Ex conifer plant
PINUS
Leave Have thick cuticle
sunken stomata

pinnately compound leaf tht

monoecious PINUS
Dioecious Cycas

Sporophyte
2N

female
Diplotic male one CONE
Life cycle
Microsporophyll megasporo
PLY

sed microsporangia megasporangi

r
6m00 microspore
mother cell
megaspore
motherce
to meiosis t

zygote spore spore

N
N
 I
fusion malegameto
female
Phyte gametophyte

male gamete

female gametes

Archaegonia

female gametophyte body N

Net act as a endosperm

3 Classes
a cycadopside Cycas
2 Coniferopsid PINUS ginkgo
biloba

3
Gretopside GNetum
Ephedra
Tallest gymnosperm Sequoia or
Red Wood tree
 Angiosperm
Covered seed ovary tht
phenerogamous with ovary
plants
flowering
well developed xylem phloem
xylem vessel
in phloem sieve tube companion
cell tht
male sex Androecium
unit organ Stamen
female sex organ
axenoeceiumffi.it
unit pistil or carpel

carpel Mp stigma
1 1 Style
ovule co ovary fruit
seed
a

Angiosperm double fertilisation tht

N t zygote
Negg
N 2 Nucleus primary
male 1 3N
gamete 2N Endo
PEN
spermic
Endosperm
 2
leafy mustard
cotyledon mango
Angiosperm
ammo lot single
cotyledon
ex wheat
maiza
Tallest Eucalyptus
Angiosper
sporophyte

femg.lt
gynoecium
unit pistil carpel
maithant male
see organ

Fb My
37out E Milospore
mother cen
ged J
microspore
megaspore to
mother cell
meggtspore.CN Pollengrain
 femalegameto
GmbH phyte male
of
in gamto
phyte
I Gamale
zygote egg fgamete
or
male