CSC Internet - Lecture 1

Introduction to Web Technologies
Omosebi Adeoye
[email protected]
Lecture Overview
1. The internet
2. Types of network
3. What makes internet work?
4. Internet equipment
5. Internet applications.
The Internet
• A global network connecting millions of
computers.
• More than 100 countries are linked into
exchanges of data, news and opinions.
• The Internet links are computer networks
all over the world so
that users can share resources
and communicate with each other
Types of Computer Network
• Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN connects network devices over a
relatively short distance.
• A networked office building, school, or
home usually contains a single LAN, though
sometimes one building will contain a few
small LANs (perhaps one per room), and
occasionally a LAN will span a group of
nearby buildings.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to
allow sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between
5km and 50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a
single organization, but it usually will be used
by many individuals and organizations.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to
allow sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between
5km and 50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a
single organization, but it usually will be used
by many individuals and organizations.
Wide Area Network(WAN)
• WAN covers a large geographic area such

as country, continent or even whole of the
world. • A WAN is a geographically-
dispersed collection of LANs.
• Most WANs (like the Internet) are not
owned by any one organization but rather
exist under collective or distributed
ownership and management.
Internet access
• To gain access to the internet, the user has
to register to any Internet Service Provider
(ISP).
• Types of Internet connection:
– Dail-up
– Integrated services digital network
– Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
– Wireless Internet Connections
– Internet over Satellite
Internet access
Dial-up
• Slower that other type of connection
• Connects through existing phone lines using
dial-up modem
• Cheapest
• Must “dial-up” to connect to Internet and
disconnect when done.
• Cannot use Internet and phone line at the
same time.
Internet access
Dial-up
Internet access
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• Broadband – faster than dial-up connection
• Connects through phone lines, but does
not require phone service
• Always on
• Internet and phone can be used in the
same time
• Unavailable in many location
Internet access
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• f3
Internet access
Cable
• Broadband – faster than dial-up and DSL
• Use cable connection
• Always on
• Only available where cable is available
Internet access
Cable
f4
Internet access
Satellite
• Broadband – faster than dial-up, but data is
delayed
• Connects via satellites
• Can be affected by rain and snow
• Does not require phone lines and cables
• Can be use anywhere around the world
Internet access
Satellite
f5
Internet access
3G and 4G
• Available for mobile phones, computers
and tablets
• Connects wirelessly through 3G/4G
provider
• Can access Internet anywhere
• Slower than DSL and Cable connection
Internet access
3G and 4G
f6
Internet access
Choosing Internet Service Provider

Below are some things to consider as you
research ISPs:
• Speed
• Price
• Ease of Installation
• Service Record
• Technical Support
• Contract Terms
Internet access
How Internet Works?

• Because the Internet is a global network of
computers each computer connected to the
Internet must have a unique address.
• This address is known as an IP address.
f7
Internet access
Internet Requirement
• Computer with modem/router/network
card.
• Internet account with ISP.
• Application software: – Web browser
(Firefox, Chrome) – Email client (MS
Outlook) – Plugins software (Adobe Reader,
Flash Player)
• Optional: Speaker, Printer, Webcam.
Internet access
Internet Usages
• Communication
• Send and receive emails
• Download files
• Post your opinion to a newsgroup
• Chatting
• Surf the world wide web
• Business
• Shopping
• Entertainment
Internet access
Internet Applications
• An Internet application is an interactive,
compiled application that can be accessed
through a corporate or through the Internet.
• Internet applications can perform complex
business processes on either the client or the
server.
• The application uses the Internet protocol to
receive requests from a client, typically a Web
browser, process associated code, and return
data to the browser.
Internet access
Internet Applications
• The World-Wide Web (WWW)
• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Search Engine
• Chatting
• Video Conferencing
• E-Commerce
Internet access
World Wide Web (WWW)

• The World Wide Web is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet
• With a web browser, one can view web
pages that may contain text, images, videos,
and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks
f8
Internet access

• It use a protocol called HTTP – Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
• HTTP defines how messages are
formatted and transmitted, and what actions
Web servers and browsers should take in
response to various commands.
Internet access

• A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the
address of a document you'll find on the
WWW.
• The elements in a URL: Protocol://server's
address/filename
• Example:
http://www.google.com/index.html
Internet access

Types of website:
• Static – A static website is one that has
web pages stored on the server in the
format that is sent to a client web browser. It
is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
• Dynamic – A dynamic website is one that
changes or customizes itself frequently and
automatically, based on certain criteria.
Internet access
Electronic Mail (Email)

• The transmission of messages over
communications networks.
• It is a fast and efficient way to
communicate with friends or colleagues.
• You can communicate with one person at a
time or thousands; you can receive and
send files and other information.
Internet access

• Basic email functions:
– send and receive mail messages
– save your messages in a file
– print mail messages
– reply to mail messages
– attach a file to a mail message
Internet access

• Email address someone@mail server
• The email address has three parts: – a
user name – an "at" sign (@) – the address
of the user's mail server
• Example
[email protected]
Internet access
Email client
• An email client is a computer program used to
manage a user's email.
• Popular email clients include Microsoft
Outlook, Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's Thunderbird,
and Apple Inc.'s Mail.
f9
Internet access
Web-based mail
• Is an e-mail service intended to be
primarily accessed via a web browser.
• Very popular webmail providers: – Gmail –
Yahoo! Mail – Hotmail
• Web mail is popular as it allows you to
send or receive e-mail from anywhere.
Internet access
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• The protocol for exchanging files over the
Internet.
• Used for moving files between two hosts on a
TCP/IP network.
• FTP is most commonly used to download a
file from a server using the Internet
or to upload a file to a server.
f10
Internet access
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• To do FTP, a user invokes one of two
commands:
– get - the command for transferring a file
from another server to your own computer.
– put - the command for moving a file from
your computer to another one.
Internet access
Search Engine
• A search engine is designed to search for
information on the internet.
• Search engine presents the search results in
the form of a search results list.
• The search results can be web pages,
images, videos, and other type of files.
• Example:
– Google f11.
– Bing
Internet access
Chatting
• Chatting is the other method for Internet
conversation.
• It enables people connected anywhere on the
Internet to join in live discussions .
• Chat sessions allow many users to join in the
same free -form conversation,
usually centred
around a discussion topic. f12
Internet access
Chatting
Examples:
• MSN Messenger
• Yahoo Messenger
• IRC
• Pidgin
Internet access
Video Conferencing
• A videoconference or video conference is a
set of interactive telecommunication
technologies which allow two or more
locations to interact via two-way video and
audio transmissions simultaneously.
f13
Internet access
Video Conferencing
The other components required for a
videoconferencing system include:
• Video input and output
• Audio input and output
• Data transfer
• Computer
Internet access
E-Commerce
• Electronic commerce or ECommerce consists of
the buying and selling of products or services over
electronic systems such as the Internet and other
computer networks.
• It includes the entire online process of developing,
marketing, selling, delivering, servicing
and paying for products
and services.
f14
Internet access
E-Commerce
Some common applications related to electronic
commerce are the following:
• Domestic and international payment systems
• Group buying
• Automated online assistants
• Online shopping and order tracking
• Online banking
• Shopping cart software
• Electronic tickets
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Introduction to Web Technologies

• Local Area Network (LAN)

• WAN covers a large geographic area such

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Choosing Internet Service Provider

How Internet Works?

World Wide Web (WWW)

World Wide Web (WWW)

World Wide Web (WWW)

World Wide Web (WWW)

Electronic Mail (Email)

Electronic Mail (Email)

Electronic Mail (Email)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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