Lecture # 1

RENEWABLE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY

Dr. Muzaffar Ali

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Welcome to all Future Engineers

of
2k20 Session
 Course: Renewable Energy Technology
 8th Semester

 Instructors: Prof. Dr. Muzaffar Ali/Dr. Muhammad

Usman
Your Comments….
 Course Information
4

➢ Book(s):
➢ Main Contents
➢ Renewable Energy, Power for
➢ Introduction of Renewable Sustainable Future, Edited by
Energy Godfrey Boyle (Oxford
University Press, 1996)
➢ REn Technologies:
➢ Renewable energy, Sustainable
✓ Solar Energy (Thermal & Energy Concepts for the future,
PV System) Edited by R. Wengenmayr, T.
Buheke (Wiely-VCH, 2008)
✓ Wind Energy ➢ Renewable Energy Resources, 2nd
✓ Geothermal Edition by J. Twidell, T. Weir
(Taylor & Francis, 2006)
✓ Biomass ➢ Solar Thermal Systems by Duffie
✓ Ocean Energy and Beckman
✓ Fuel Cell ➢ Materials
➢ Various international reports,
✓ Hydro Power Articles, software tools from
Internet etc.
 Course Information
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➢ Distribution of Marks
➢ Mid Term -25%
➢ Final Exam – 50%

➢ Sessional Marks - 25%

➢ Assignments - 10 %
➢ Quizzes - 10%
➢ Semester Project – 15 %
 Semester Project: Model-based Transient
Simulations Analysis of RET
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 Software (License available)

➢ Project Areas: ▪ Solar
▪ Solar thermal  TRNSYS
◼ http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys/

▪ Solar PV ◼ Survey and Simulation Tools for PV, Solar Thermal,

Heat Pumps & Chimneys
◼ http://www.solardesign.co.uk/
▪ Wind Turbine (H & V)  ETU-PV Simulation
▪ Hydro Power ◼ https://www.etu-
software.com/M/SOFTWARE/Renewables-
Simulation/PV-
▪ Fuel Cells Simulation/Seite.html,154165,96655
▪ Wind
▪ Bio Mass  WAsP
http://www.wasp.dk/
▪ Energy Storage
▪ Others ▪ HOMER Energy
 (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources)
 https://www.homerenergy.com/
 Semester Project: Demo versions
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➢ Project Areas:
 Software:
▪ Solar
▪ Solar thermal  Sam
https://sam.nrel.gov/
▪ Solar PV ◼

 Polysun
▪ Wind Turbine (H & V) ◼ http://www.polysunonline.com/PsoPublic/ap
p/home/access
▪ Hydro Power ◼ Bio Mass
EXEMPT Model
▪ Fuel Cells 
◼ http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-
assessment/tools/emissions.html#biomass
▪ Bio Mass
 Fantallometrik
▪ Energy Storage ◼ http://www.globallometree.org/software/
❑ RETScreen
▪ Others ❑ http://www.retscreen.net/ang/home.php
 OBE- RET- CLO and PLO Mapping
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Sr. No CLO PLO

APPLY basic concepts and formulation through SOLVING PROBLEMS of

1 renewable energy systems 2

DESIGN and ANALYZE Solar PV and Thermal Systems for a specified

2 capacity. 3

PERFORM model-based transient analysis of renewable energy systems

3 through modern tools like TRNSYS 5

DETERMINE the factors affecting environmental and sustainability aspects

4 through renewable energy systems 7
 Lets Talk about Energy
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 Your Comments…
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Why Energy…..

Why Renewable Energy…..

What you would like to Learn

 What is Sustainability?
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 What is Sustainability?
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 Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or

support a process continuously over time.
 Sustainability is often broken into three core
concepts: economic, environmental, and social.
 Many businesses and governments have committed
to sustainable goals, such as reducing their
environmental footprints and conserving resources.
 Some investors are actively embracing sustainability
investments, known as "green investments."
 3 Pillars of Sustainability
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 The idea of sustainability is often broken down into three pillars:

economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as
profits, planet, and people.

 In that breakdown, the concept of "economic sustainability" focuses

on conserving the natural resources that provide physical inputs for
economic production, including both renewable and exhaustible
inputs.

 The concept of "environmental sustainability" adds greater

emphasis on the life support systems, such as the atmosphere or soil,
that must be maintained for economic production or human life to
even occur. In contrast, social sustainability focuses on the human
effects of economic systems, and the category includes attempts to
eradicate poverty and hunger, as well as to combat inequality.
 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
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 also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United

Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy
peace and prosperity.

https://sdgs.un.org/goals
 TARGETS AND INDICATORS
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 TARGETS AND INDICATORS
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 World Energy Statistics-2023
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 2022 saw a 1% increase in total primary energy consumption

taking it to around 3% above the 2019 pre-COVID level.
 Renewables’ (excluding hydroelectricity) share of primary
energy consumption reached 7.5%, an increase of nearly 1%
over the previous year.
 Fossil fuel consumption as a percentage of primary energy
remained steady at 82%.
Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years

2020 by region History

Statistical Review of World Energy 2021

© BP p.l.c. 2021
Gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years

2020 by region History

Statistical Review of World Energy 2021

© BP p.l.c. 2021
Coal reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years

2020 by region History

Statistical Review of World Energy 2021

© BP p.l.c. 2021
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Establishment of
sustainable
energy future
➢ Exhaustion of
fossil fuel
resources
➢ Transition of
energy economy
from Chemical to
Physical
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ World Energy
Situation
➢ Oil supplies are
depleting
➢ Energy consumption
is growing
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Coal Supply &

Demand
➢ Running out of Coal
➢ Difficulties in mining
and subsequent
transportation to
power plants
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Uranium Supply &

Demand
➢ Running out of
Uranium
➢ Uranium production is
far below than
today’s demand
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Fundamental Laws of Physics governing Energy

➢ Energy cannot be created or destroyed
➢ Energy can only be converted from one form into
another
➢ Some energy is always lost when energy is
converted
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Postulates need to be satisfied for sustainable

energy system
➢ All energy must come from sustainably managed
renewable sources
➢ Energy must be distributed and used with highest
efficiency
➢ Essential Questions
➢ Where does the energy come from?
➢ In which form is the energy harvested?

➢ How much and in which form energy is needed?

 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Where does the Energy come from?

 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Factors effecting transition to sustainability

➢ Climatic Conditions
➢ Topology

➢ Availability of land and site

➢ Establishment of high efficiency standards

➢ Political leadership with understanding of

sustainability
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Renewable Energy and Energy Demand

➢ The energy demand of mankind can be satisfied
from renewable sources
➢ There is no global distribution problem from
renewable energy sources
➢ The future energy supply is much better matched to
the energy demands
➢ The energy needs have to be reduced by
conservation and efficiency
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Inversion of the Energy System

➢ Due to obvious weak characteristics of chemical
energy, the entire energy supply chain will undergo
significant changes to become compatible with the
requirements of sustainability
➢ Today’s energy system is dominated by chemical
carriers (Fossil Fuel)
➢ Future energy system will be dominated by physical
conversion (Renewable Sources)
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Energy Return on Energy Investment

➢ Energy debate is focused on monetary analyses
➢ Established technologies are compared with
unproven schemes
➢ Energy recovery from current sources will
become expensive
➢ Cost will grow exponentially
➢ Above ground sources are free gift of nature
➢ Instead of Return on Investment (ROI) parameter,
Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROEI)
should be considered
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ From now to Sustainability

➢ Energy sector will change rapidly

➢ New trends are emerging and getting

strength
➢ In stationary sector, demands are

declining
➢ Improved thermal insulation
➢ Efficient HVAC appliances
➢ Use of wood etc.
➢ Use of electricity for direct heating etc.
➢ In mobile sector
➢ Improved IC engines
➢ Introduction of Hybrid vehicles
➢ Use of CNG and Biofuels
➢ Use of battery-electric cars and scooters
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ From now to Sustainability

➢ The overall efficiency of energy system is
increasing by
➢ Higher conversion efficiency of power plants and IC
engines
➢ Higher efficiency of electrical distribution system
➢ Rising energy awareness
➢ Change in customer behavior
➢ Growing supply of electricity from Renewable
sources
➢ Energy conservation at all levels
 Lets Talk about Energy
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➢ Conclusions
➢ Present energy system has to undergo significant
changes
➢ Transition from Chemical energy base to
Physical energy is inevitable
➢ Renewable Sources will play a vital role in this
change
➢ This shift will be sustainable and offers many
economic benefits
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
43
Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
44
Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
45
Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
46
Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
47
Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 PV Systems
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 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Solar Thermal Systems
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 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Renewable Energy Statistical
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Overview-2023

Source: Renewables 2023; Global Status Report; REN21Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21 st Century
 Global Levelised Cost of Electricity from Newly
Commissioned, Utility-scale Renewable Power Generation
Technologies, 2010 and 2020
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 Electric Car Global Stock, Top Countries and Rest of World,
2015-2020
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Assignment#1 (2 –weeks submission)

 Statistical Review of All Renewable Energy

Resources of Pakistan
 Source Potential
 Installed Systems (Location, capacity etc.)

 Ongoing projects

 Energy Policy and Organizations/institutes involved in

policy making of Renewable Energy Resources
 Industries (manufactures etc.)
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Thanks