Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 1

Laws of Exponents 6. In a quadratic equation problem, one student

-B ± B2 - 4 AC made a mistake in copying the coefficient of x
1. m n
(a ) = a mn x=
2A and got a root of 3 and 4. Another student
2. am ´ an = am+n made a mistake in copying the constant term
am Roots of Quadratic Equation and got a root of –2 and 5. What is the original
3.
n
= am - n quadratic equation?
a -B + B2 - 4 AC A. x2 – 3x + 12 = 0 C. x2 + 3x + 12 = 0
1 x1 =
4. a-n = n 2A B. x + 3x – 12 = 0
2 D. x2 – 3x – 12 = 0
a
-B - B2 - 4 AC 7. Four years ago, the sum of the ages of A and B
5. ( a ´ b)m = am ´ bm x2 = was 45. Six years from now, twice B’s age will
m 2A
æaö am be 28 years more than A’s age by then. How old
6. çb÷ = m is A now?
è ø b Properties of Roots Answer: 28 yrs old

B 8. At present, the sum of the parents’ ages is twice

Sum of the Roots: x1 + x2 = - the sum of the children’s ages. Five years ago,
Properties of Radicals A
the sum of the parents’ ages was 4 times the
1. a1/n = n a C
Product of the Roots: x1 x2 = sum of the children’s ages. Fifteen years from
A
( a)
m now, the sum of the parents’ ages will be equal
2. am/n = n am = n
to the sum of the children’s ages. How many
( a)
n children are there?
3. n
=a Age-related Problems Answer: 5
If x = present age of a person 9. When I am as old as my father is now, I shall be
n
4. a × n b = n ab x – 3 = age of the person 3 years ago five times as old as my daughter is now. By
n
a a x + 5 = age of the person 5 years hence then my daughter will be eight years older than
5. =n I am now. The combined ages of my father and
n b
b
Note: The age-difference of two persons is myself are 100 years. How old is my daughter
constant at any time. now? Ans: 13
Properties of Logarithms
10. A meeting of several transport group leaders
1. If log b x = y , then x = b y Problems: was held to decide whether they should strike
2. logb xy = logb x + logb y or not. It was arranged that during the
1. If 8x = y , then what is 2 5 x - 3 equal to in terms
counting, those in favor should remain
æxö of y?4 Answer: y5/3/8
3. log b ç ÷ = log b x - log b y standing and those against should sit down. In

4.
èyø
y
log b x = y log b x
( )
2. Solve for y if y = ln e x / e x - 2 . Answer: 2 due course, the acting chairman announced
that the motion is carried by a majority equal to
3. The logarithm of the product of two numbers is exactly a quarter of the opposition. A man
5. log b b = 1 1.62324929 while the logarithm of their protested, saying some of them could not sit
6. log b 1 = 0 quotient is –0.066946789. Determine the first down because there were not enough chairs.
number. Answer: 6 So, the chairman decided that those who
Quadratic Equation: 4. If the product of the roots of the quadratic wanted to sit down but couldn’t, will raise their
equation x2 + 2a2 x + a = 0 is equal to 3a + 6, find right hand. He counted a dozen and then
Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 announced the motion is lost by a majority of 1.
the sum of its roots. Answer: -18
5. What is the value of k in the equation kx2 + 9x + How many transport leaders were in that
Quadratic Formula
meeting? 207
8 = 0 if the equation is to have only one root?
Answer: 81/32
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 1
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE 9. A boy is 25 years younger than his father. In 10 17. Six years ago, Michael was five times as old as
1. The logarithm of the quotient of two numbers years, his father will be twice his age. Find the Jordan. In five years, Michael will be three
is –0.066946789 while the logarithm of their age of the boy. Ans: 15 times as old as Jordan. What is the present age
product is 1.62324929. Determine the first 10. Mang Andoy has lived one-fourth of his life as of Michael?
number. A. 17 C. 61
a boy, one-fifth as a youth, one-third as a man,
A. 3 C. 4 and has spent 13 years in his dotage. How old B. 16 D. 14
B. 6 D. 5 is he? Ans: 60 18. Mary is 24 years old. Mary was twice as old as
2. Given loga 2 = x, loga 5 = y, and loga 6 = z, 11. In the equation kx2 – 54x + 32 = 0, find the value Ana was when Mary was as old as Ana is now.
express loga 0.15 in terms of x, y, and z. of k if one root is 8 times the other root. Ans: 9 How old is Ana now?
A. 3z / x2y C. z − 3x − y A. 12 C. 18
B. x − 3y + z D. x2 / 3yz 12. A year ago, Lea got a crush with Rodel, where B. 16 D. 20
the product of their ages was 156. Fortunately,
3. Solve for x from the following: xy = 12; yz = 20; 19. If 1/8 and –2/3 are the roots of a quadratic
they are now both sweethearts; and they plan
zx = 15. Answer: 3 equation, what is the equation?
to marry 12 years after, where the product of
4. Solve for y from the following system of their ages will be 650. Knowing that Rodel is
20. In the equation 3x2 + 4x + (2k – 5) = 0, find k if
equations: older than Lea, find the present age of Lea.
Answer: 13 the product of the roots is 4.
x2 – yz = 3 ß Equation (1)
A. 6.5 C. 8
y2 – xz = 4 ß Equation (2) 13. Find two numbers such that their sum
z2 – xy = 5 ß Equation (3) B. 8.5 D. 6
multiplied by the sum of their squares is 5500,
Answer: 1/6 21. Find the quadratic equation whose roots are the
and their difference multiplied by the
x x -2 difference of their squares is 352. One of the reciprocals of the roots of the equation Ax2 + Bx
7(2 ) - 8(2 )
5. Simplify: Answer: 10/3 numbers is… Answer: 13 + C = 0. Answer: Cx2 + Bx + A = 0
x +1 x -1
2 -2
14. In 1930, the following question was proposed:
6. Solve for log y: log 2y3 + log(6/y) = 6.278
A. 2.6 C. 5.8 A man’s age at death was one twenty-ninth of
B. 397.57 D. 125.47 the year of his birth. How old was he in the year
1900? Answer: 44 yrs old
7. Solve for x from the following equations:
15. In a mixed company of Malaysians,
m n Vietnamese, Singaporeans, Thais, and
x x = 100, 000
Filipinos, the Malaysians are one less than 1/3
x mn = 1, 000, 000
of the Filipinos; and three less than half the
xm / xn = 10 Vietnamese. The Filipinos and Thais
A. 3 C. 12 outnumber the Singaporeans and Vietnamese
B. 10 D. 2 by 3. The Singaporeans and Filipinos form one
less than half the company, and the
8. Two students attempted to solve a problem Singaporeans and Vietnamese form 7/16 of the
which reduces into a quadratic equation. One, company. How many Filipinos were there?
in simplifying, made a mistake in the constant Answer: 24
term and had -2 & 6 for his roots. The other 16. Mike saves 20% of his income. If his
made a mistake in the coefficient of the first- expenditure is increased by 35%, how many
degree term and had -3 & 5 for his roots. What percent must his income be increased so that he
is the correct quadratic equation? may save 10% of it? Ans: 20%
Answer: x2 – 4x – 15 = 0
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 2
Binomial Theorem: Expansion of (x + y)n dfaster – dslower = 1 circuit the music from his earphones that it was 12
2. Going in opposite directions: minutes before he discovered his cap missing.
n(n - 1) n - 2 2
( x + y )n = x n + nx n -1 y 1 + x y dfaster + dslower = 1 circuit He turned around and recovered the cap 1 km
2! downstream from where it fell. Assuming
n(n - 1)(n - 2) n - 3 3 constant speed and neglecting the time for
( x + y )n = + x y + ! + nx 1 y n -1 + y n Work-related Problems
3! Case 1: Each worker has different rates turnaround, what was the speed of the water
current? Answer: 2.5 kph
Note: Job done = Rate ´ Time
job done 7. A and B run around a circular track whose
1. It starts with xn and ends with yn.
Rate = circumference is 150m. When they run in
2. The power of x decreases by 1 while the power time opposite directions, they meet every 5 seconds,
of y increases by 1. Combined rates = Rate 1 ± Rate 2 but when they run in the same direction from
3. The sum of the powers of x & y in any term is
the same point, they are together every 25
always n. Case 2: Each worker has the same rate
seconds. What are their rates?
4. There will be n + 1 terms in the expansion. Job done = Number of men ´ Number of days Answer: 18m/s & 12m/s
5. If the coefficient of a term is multiplied by the
8. A policeman is pursuing a snatcher who is
power of x in that term and then the product To finish the job ahead by 72 of his own leaps. The snatcher
divided by the power of y increased by 1, the S(Job done) = total number of man-days takes 6 leaps while the cop takes 5 leaps, but 4
resulting number is the coefficient of the next
leaps of the snatcher are as long as 3 leaps of the
term.
cop. How many leaps will the cop make before
rth Term of Binomial Expansion
Problems: he catches the snatcher? Policeman: 540 leaps
1. Find the 6th term in the expansion of (2x3 + 9y)11. 9. An elevated concrete tank is filled through its
Answer: 1,745,960,832x18y5 inlet pipe and then is emptied through its outlet
r th term in (x + y)n = C(n, m)xn-m ym 2. Find the constant term in the expansion of (x + pipe in a total time of 9 hours. If water enters
x–3/2)15. Answer: 5,005 through the inlet pipe and is simultaneously
n! allowed to leave through the outlet pipe, the
where m = r – 1 and C(n, m) = 3. Find the sum of the coefficients of the terms in
(n - m)! m ! the expansion of (4x – 7y)4. Answer: 81 tank is filled in 20 hours. How long will it take
4. A certain physicist, who is always in a hurry, to fill the tank if the outlet is closed? Ans: 4 hrs
Motion-related Problems 10. A job can be done by 20 laborers in 30 days. To
walks up an ongoing escalator at the rate of one
distance = velocity × time finish the job earlier 25 men were hired.
step per second. Twenty steps bring him to the
top. Next day he goes up at two steps per However, after working for 20 days, 10 men
Motion in water current or air current
second, reaching the top in 32 steps. How quitted and were not replaced. Find the total
If x = velocity of (boat/airplane) in still
many steps are there in the escalator? Answer: 80 number of days to finish the job. Answer: 26 2 3
(water/air)
y = velocity of the (water/air), then 5. A train, an hour after starting, had to stop due
to some engine trouble. After one hour, it
x + y = velocity when going (downstream/with the proceeded at 60% of its former rate and arrived
wind) 3 hours after the time. Had the incident
x – y = velocity when going (upstream/against the happened 50km farther on the line, it would
wind) have arrived 1.5 hours sooner. Find the length
of the journey. Answer: 88.89 km
Motion in a circle or any closed circuit 6. A man was enjoying the afternoon rowing
Starting at the same time from the same point leisurely upstream when his baseball cap fell in
1. Going in the same the direction: the water. So absorbed was he in listening to
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 2
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE beginning of the 6th day. Find the total number 15. In what time would A, B and C together do a
1. A man passed one-sixth of his life in childhood, of days it took them to finish the job. Ans: 20.56 work if A alone could do it in six hours more, B
one-twelfth in youth, and one-seventh more as alone in one hour more, and C alone in twice
9. A man and a boy can do in 15 days a piece of
a bachelor. Five years after his marriage, a son work which could be done by 7 men and 9 boys the time? Answer: 40 minutes
was born who died four years before his father in 2 days. In how many days could one man 16. Two planes leave Manila for Tokyo, a distance
at half his father’s final age. What was the finish the work alone? Answer: 20 days of 900 miles. The four-motored plane A travels
man’s final age? Answer: 84 at a ground speed of 90 mph faster than the
10. A and B run a 1.5-kilometer race. In the first
2. Robert is 15 years older than his brother Stan. heat, A gives B a start of 11 meters and beats two-motored plane B. Plane A arrives in Tokyo
However, y years ago, Robert was twice as old him by 57 seconds. In the second heat, A gives 2 hr 15 min ahead of plane B. What is the
as Stan. If Stan is b years old now and b > y, find B a start of 81 seconds and is beaten by 88 ground speed of plane B? Answer: 150 mph
the value of b – y. Answer: 15 meters. Find the rate of A in km/hr. Ans: 15.1 17. An airplane takes 1.5 hours to travel 600 mi
3. Find the term that is independent of x in the with the wind and 1.6 hours to fly back. Find
11. A man covers the distance A to B in 5 hours and
expansion of (2 + 3/x2)(x – 2/x)6. Answer: -140 the speed of the plane. Answer: 387.5mph
30 minutes. During the second half of the
4. What is the coefficient of the 5th term of the distance, he traveled 1/2 km less per hour than 18. A boatman rows to a place 48 km distant and
expansion of (2x2 + 3y3)10? How about the sum during the first half. In the return trip from B back in 14 hours; he finds he can row 4km with
of the exponents of the terms in the expansion? to A, by traveling 1 km/hr faster than during the stream in the same time as 3 km against the
Answer: 1,088,640; 275 the first half of his trip from A to B, he stream. Find the rate of the stream. Ans: 1 kph
consumed 3 and 3/4 hours. Determine the 19. A and B compete in a race. A run at a constant
5. Find the sum of the coefficients of the
distance AB. Answer: 15 km
rate of 126 m/min while B runs 145 m the first
expansion (x + 2)4. Answer: 65
12. A battleship started on a 500-mile voyage but minute, 143 m the second minute, 141 m the
6. Working together, observation planes A, B and
was brought to full stop an hour after starting third minute and so on. When will A and B be
C can map a certain region in three hours. After
for military reasons, delaying it for full hour, together again? Answer: 20 min
working for one hour, A developed engine
after which it was ordered to proceed at a
trouble and had to stop. As a consequence, B 20. Two trains, one 350 ft long, the other 450 ft long,
reduced velocity equivalent to 75% of its
and C had to continue working for the next four on parallel tracks, can pass each other
former rate. The ship arrived at its destination
hours to complete the job. It turned out completely in 8 seconds when moving in
3 hours and 3 quarters after scheduled time. If opposite directions. When moving in the same
however that half of the photographs taken by
it was desired for the ship to arrive one hour
A were spoiled. The following day, C was sent direction, the faster train completely passes the
and a quarter sooner, how far from the
to photograph that part of the region for which slower one in 16 seconds. Find the speed of the
destination should the ship have been ordered
A’s photographs were spoiled. It took C one faster train. Answer: 75 fps
stopped? Answer: 243.24 mi.
and a half hours to complete the task. How long
will it take each plane to map the region alone? 13. A marksman fires a target 420 m away and
Answer: A = 6 hrs, B = 9 hrs, C = 18 hrs hears the bullet strikes the target 2 seconds after
7. Kevin can finish a job in 8 hours. Melvin can he pulled the trigger. An observer 525 m away
do it in 5 hrs. If Kevin worked for 3 hours and from the target and 455 m away from the
then Melvin was asked to help him finish it, marksman hears the bullet strikes the target 1
how long will Melvin have to work with Kevin second after he hears the report of the rifle.
to finish the job? Answer: 1.92 hrs What is the velocity of the bullet? Ans: 525 m/s
8. A job could be done by eleven workers in 15 14. A bus travels a distance of 350 km in exactly the
days. Five workers started the job. They were same time that a car travels a distance of 600
reinforced with four more workers at the km. If the car is 50 kph faster than the bus, how
fast was the bus? Ans: 70 kph
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 3
Clock-related Problems: Proportion Problems: PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE
If the minute hand of 7. Albert, Bryan and Carl are partners who share Situation 1. What time after 3:00 o'clock will the
the clock will describe profit in the ratio of their capital. Albert’s minute-hand and the hour-hand of the clock be
an arc x minute spaces x capital is P5M and Bryan's is P25M. In 2018, the 1. together for the first time? 3:16:21.8
long, then during the profit was P3.5M, in which Carl's share was 2. perpendicular for the first time? 3:32:43.6
x/12
same time span, the RI P1.5M. Find Carl's capital. Answer: P22.5M 3. in straight line for the first time? 3:49:05.4
hour hand will also 8. On a fence are sparrows and pigeons. When 5 Situation 2. How soon after 5:00 o'clock will the
describe an arc x/12 sparrows leave, there remain two pigeons for hands of the clock form…
minute spaces long. In every sparrow. Then twenty-five pigeons 4. a 60-degree angle for the first time? 5:16.4
short, to identify the leave, and there now three sparrows for every 5. a 60-degree angle for the second time? 5:38.2
corresponding movement of the hour hand, always pigeon. Find the original number of sparrows. 6. a 150-degree angles? 5:54.5
divide the movement of the minute hand by 12. Answer: 20
7. What time after 8:00 o-clock, will the minute-
Problems: hand and the hour-hand of the clock, be at
Variation Problems: angle of 37.4° for the second time? Ans: 8:50.44
1. What time between 2 and 3 o’clock will the x varies directly as y
angle between the hands of the clock be ® x µ y or x = ky 8. If it were two hours later, it would be half as
bisected by the line connecting the center of the long until midnight as it would be if it were an
clock and the 3 o’clock mark? Answer: 2:18:27.6 x varies inversely as y hour later. What time is it now? Ans: 21:00
2. At what time between three and four o’clock is 1 æ1ö
®xµ or x = kç ÷ 9. Between 3:00 and 4:00, Kathreen looked at her
the minute shand the same distance from VIII y èyø watch and noticed that the minute hand was
as the hour hand is from XII? 3:23.08
between 5 and 6. Later, Kathreen looked again
x varies jointly as y and z
3. It is now past 4PM. Four minutes from now, the and noticed that the hour hand and the minute
® x µ yz or x = kyz
minute hand of the clock will be directly hand had exchanged places. What time was it
opposite the position of the hour hand 8 in the second case? Answer: 5:17.20
minutes ago. What is the time now? 4:49:27 9. The electrical resistance of a cable varies
10. A businessman left his office for an
directly as its length and inversely as the square
appointment and noticed the hands of the wall
of its diameter. If a cable 600m long and 10mm
Mixture Problems: clock at past 8 o’clock. After more than two
in diameter has a resistance of 0.1 ohm, find the hours he returned and noticed that the hands of
4. How much water must be evaporated from a
length of a cable 20 mm in diameter with a the clock were interchanged. At what time did
15-liter 12% dye solution to obtain a solution
resistance of 0.15 ohm. Answer: 3600 m
that is 20% dye? Assume that the total amount he leave and at what time did he return?
of dye is not affected by the process of 10. The number of revolutions per minute of a ball Answer: leave = 8:58:44; return = 11:44:53
evaporation. Ans: 6 liters governor required to keep the balls h inches 11. What percentage of a mixture of sand, gravel,
below the point of suspension varies inversely and cement containing 30% cement should be
5. A given alloy contains 20% copper and 5% tin.
as the square root of h. If the balls are 6 inches replaced by pure cement in order to produce a
How many pounds of copper and of tin must
below for 40 revolutions per minute, at what mixture that is 40% cement.
be melted with 100 lb of the given alloy to Answer: 14.3%
speed will they be 1-1/2 inches below?
produce another alloy analyzing 30% copper Answer: 80 rpm 12. How much water must be evaporated from a
and 10% tin? All percentages are by weight. 15-liter 12% dye solution to obtain a solution
Answer: 17.5 lb copper & 7.5 lb tin
that is 20% dye? Assume that the total amount
6. In what ratio must tea costing P240 per kg be of dye is not affected by the process of
mixed with tea costing P340 per kg so that a evaporation. Answer: 6 liters
profit of 20% is made by selling the mixture at
P360 per kg? Answer: 2:3
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 3
13. A radiator has 25 liters of 30 percent antifreeze 20. When looking at two buildings at the same
solution. How much of this should be drained time, the length of the buildings’ shadows, s,
and then replaced with pure antifreeze material varies directly as their height, h. If a 5-story
to make 45% antifreeze? Answer: 5.36 liters building has a 20 m long shadow, how many
stories high would a building that has a 32 m
14. A chemist has three different acid solutions.
The first acid solution contains 15% acid, the long shadow be? Answer: 8 stories

second contains 30% acid, and the third

contains 75% acid. He wants to use all three
solutions to obtain a mixture of 216 liters
containing 25% acid, using 2 times as much of
the 75% solution as the 30% solution. How
many liters of the 15% acid solution should be
used? Ans: 168 liters

15. Write the variation equation described as

follows:
The force of electrical attraction (Fel) between
two statically charged bodies is directly
proportional to the product of the charges on
each of the two objects (q1, q2) and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance (d)
separating these two charged bodies.
16. X and Y are inversely proportional with each
other. Given that X = 15,000 when Y = 162,500.
Find X when Y = 328,400. Answer: 7422.35

17. According to Hooke’s law, the force F required

to stretched a spring by x units is directly
proportional to x. If a force of 20 kN is needed
to stretch a spring by 3 mm, how far is the
spring stretched by a force of 60 kN? Ans: 9 mm
18. According to Boyle’s law, the pressure p of a
compressed gas is inversely proportional to the
volume V. Suppose that there is a pressure of
25 kPa when the volume of the gas is 400 cu.
cm. Find the pressure when the gas is
compressed to 200 cu. cm. Answer: 50 kPa

19. The pressure P of wind on a sail varies jointly

as the area A of the sail and the square of the
velocity V of the wind. The pressure on a
square foot is 1 lb when the velocity is 16 mph.
The velocity of the wind when the pressure on
a square yard is 36 lbs is: Answer: 32 mph
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 4
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) Infinite Geometric Progression (I.G.P.) to a height 2/3 of that from which it falls. Find
A sequence of numbers is in A.P. if any number A G.P. in which -1 ≤ r ≤ 1, r ≠ 0 and n = ∞ the total distance travelled by the ball before it
after the first is obtained by adding a fixed number comes to rest. Answer: 45 m
a1
to the one immediately preceding it. The fixed Sn = 7. If the 1 , 5 and the 8 terms of an AP will form
st th th

number that is added is called the common 1-r a GP, what would be the common ratio of this
difference, d. GP? Answer: 3/4
Harmonic Progression (H.P.) 8. For a known GP, a1 = 5/21 and r = 1.2. Calculate
Example: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
A sequence of numbers are in H.P. if their the product of the first 21 terms. Ans: 3,465.98
reciprocals form an A.P.
Formulas for A.P. 9. From a tank filled with 240 gallons of alcohol,
d = a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4 - a3 = ... Example: 1/2, 1/5, 1/8, 1/11, 1/14, 1/17 60 gallons are drawn off and the tank is filled
up with water. Then 60 gallons of the mixture
an = a1 + (n - 1)d or an = am + (n - m)d
are removed and replaced with water, and so
n n Relationship between Arithmetic Mean, Harmonic
Sn = ( a1 + an ) or Sn = [ 2 a1 + (n - 1)d ] on. How many gallons of alcohol remain in the
2 2 Mean, and Geometric Mean of Two Numbers tank after 5 drawings of 60 gallons each are
made? Answer: 57 gallons
GM2 = AM ´ HM
Geometric Progression (G.P.) 10. Let {xn} be an AP such that x4 + x7 + x10 + x20 +
A sequence of numbers is in G.P. if any number x23 + x26 = 444. Find the sum of the first 29 terms
after the first is obtained by multiplying a fixed of {xn}. Answer: 2146 gallons
number to the one immediately preceding it. The
Problems:
fixed number that is multiplied is called the 1. How many three-digit numbers are not
common ratio, r. divisible by 3? Answer: 600
2. A contractor who does not meet the deadline For Practice:
Example: 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486
on the construction of a building is fined 1. Determine x so that x, 2x + 7, 10x – 7 will be a
P40,000 per day for each of the first ten days of geometric progression. Answer: 7; -7/6
Formulas for G.P.
extra time, and for each additional day 2. Find the harmonic mean between 3 & 11.
a a a thereafter the fine is increased by P8,000. If the
r = 2 = 3 = 4 = ... Ans: 33/7
a1 a2 a3 contractor is fined P1,008,000, by how many 3. A cask containing 20 liters of wine was emptied
an = a1r n-1 or an = amr n-m extra days was the construction delayed? of one-fifth of its contents and then filled with
Answer: 18
water. If this is done 20 times, how many liters
a (1 - r n ) a (r n - 1) 3. The numbers 28, x + 2, 112 are the first three
Sn = 1 or Sn = 1 of wine will remain in the cask? Answer: 0.2306 li
1-r r -1 terms in a GP. What is the 31st term?
Answer: 30,064,771,070 4. The arithmetic mean of two numbers exceeds
Where: an = nth term usually the last term their geometric mean by two. Find the numbers
4. Find the sum of a sequence of four positive
am = a term after a1 but before an if one is 40 less than the other. Answer: 81 & 121
numbers, the first of which is 6 and the fourth
Sn = sum of n terms of which is 16, if the first three numbers form 5. Insert three arithmetic means between 11 & 14.
Answer: 11.75, 12.5, 13.25
an AP and the last three numbers form a GP.
Product of the first n terms of G.P. Answer: 43 6. Find the common ratio of an IGP in which any
𝑃! = 𝑎" ! × 𝑟 !(!$")/' 5. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 7.5 & term is thrice the sum of the succeeding terms.
Answer: 1/4
their harmonic mean is 4.8. Find their
7. A besieged fortress is held by 5,700 men who
geometric mean. Answer: 6
have provisions for 66 days. If the fortress loses
6. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 9m 20 men each day, for how long will the
and each time it strikes the ground, it bounces provisions hold out? Answer: 76 days
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 4
8. The first three terms in AP are 20, 16 and 12. and the sum of their squares is 364, find their
Which term is -96? Answer: 30th term product.
9. In a display window a grocer wishes to place 18. A small boy was assisted by his older brother
boxes of detergent in pyramid form so that the to ride a swing in the park. His kuya made his
bottom row contains 15 boxes, the next row first swing to pass through an arc of 18 m. With
contains 14 boxes, the next row contains 13 each swing, the small boy passes through an arc
boxes, and so on, with one box on top. How 2/3 of the length of arc of the previous swing.
many boxes of detergent are necessary for the What is the total distance the small boy
pyramid? Answer: 120 travelled when he waited for the swing to stop
10. Find the 8th term in the following series of before he disembark? Answer: 54 m
numbers: 6, 7, 11, 20, 36, ... Answer: 146 19. A given sequence is defined as follows: an+1 − an
11. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 37 and = 3n. If the 1st term is equal to 1, find the 10th
their geometric mean is 35. What is the term. Answer: 29,524
difference between their harmonic mean and 20. The sum to infinity of
geometric mean? Answer: 1.892 1 2 1 2
+ + + +⋯
12. Insert 4 numbers between the roots of the 7 7' 7( 7)
equation 32x2 – 825x +2187 = 0 so that they is: Answer: 3/16
would make a geometric progression.
Calculate the sum of all the terms. Ans: 1995/32
13. An equilateral triangle is inscribed within a
circle whose diameter is 12 cm. In this triangle
a circle is inscribed; and in this circle, another
equilateral triangle is inscribed; and so on
indefinitely. Find the sum of the areas of all the
triangles. Answer: 62.35 cm2
14. Benjie set out on a bike at the rate of 6 km/hr.
After Benjie had gone 2 hours, Jerwin set out to
overtake him and went on a bike 4 km the 1st
hour, 5 km the 2nd hour, 6 km the 3rd hour, and
so on, gaining 1 km every hour. After how
many hours were they together?
Answer: 8 hrs of Jerwin
15. The sum of three numbers is 7 and the sum
their reciprocals is 7/5. If these three numbers
form into a GP, find their product. Ans: 11.18
16. The sequence a, b, c is an AP and the sequence
a, b, c + 1 is in GP. If a = 1, find the value of c.
Answer: 3
17. Three real numbers are in geometric
progression. If The sum of the numbers is 26
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 5
Fundamental Principle of Counting 3a. in a row? 3b. in a circle? shelf by taking all the books in each
If a thing can be done in any of m different ways 2. How many ways can 6 people be lined up to get arrangement? Answer: 280
and if a second thing can be done in any of n on a bus? 2. In how many ways can the books in math,
different ways, then it follows that the number of 2a. If a certain 3 persons insist on following hydraulics and structural engineering be
ways in which the first and the second can be done each other, how many ways are possible? arranged on a shelf if math has 3 volumes,
is m ´ n. 2b. If a certain 2 persons refuse to follow each hydraulics has 2 volumes and structural
other, how many ways are possible? engineering has 4 volumes? Books of the same
Permutation subject must be altogether. Answer: 1728
An arrangement of objects in a definite order 3. How many three-digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 if each digit 3. If repetitions are not permitted, how many
Theorem1: The number of permutations on n can be used only once? three-digit even numbers can be formed from
different objects taken r at a time is 3a. how many are greater than 330? the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9? How many
4. How many different permutations can be made different four-digit integers can be formed if
n!
P(n, r ) = n P r = from the letters in the word MISSISSIPPI? they are to be greater than 6000? How many
(n - r )! different numbers can be formed from the
5. How many ways can 7 people be assigned to 1 given integers if they are to be greater than
Theorem 2: The number of permutations of n objects triple and two double rooms? 900000 and of different digits? Ans: 90; 360; 5760
taken all at a time in which n1 of the objects are
alike, n2 are alike, n3 are alike, and so on, is… 6. A committee of 5 members is to be formed from 4. There are 6 people lining up to pay telephone
a group of 5 lawyers, 4 engineers and 3 bills. If two persons don’t want to follow each
n!
P= accountants. other, how many different line ups is possible?
n1 ! n2 ! n3 ! 6a. In how many ways can the committee be Answer: 480
Theorem 3: The number of ways of partitioning a set formed? 5. In how many ways can 5 engineers and 4
of n objects into r cells with n1 elements in the 6b. What if there must be 2 lawyers, 2 nurses be arranged in a round table if the
first cell, n2 elements in the second cell, and engineers and 1 accountant in the nurses insisted to be sitting side by side?
committee? Answer: 2880
soon is,
n! 7. The HR Manager of Ayala Land Corporation is 6. There are 36 lines that can be drawn from an n-
P= to hire three out of ten equally qualified cornered convex polygon. How many corners
n1 ! n2 ! n3 ! ... applicants. How many ways can the HR are there all in all? Answer: 9
Manager choose?
Combination 7. In how many ways can a panel of 5 judges
Differs from permutation in that it does not involve 8. A shipment of 12 television sets contains 3 declare a winner in a beauty contest? Ans: 16
the arrangement of objects nor the order of selection defective sets. In how many ways can a hotel
purchase 5 of these sets and receive at least 2 of 8. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a
Theorem 4: The number of combinations of n objects the defective sets? row for a concert. In how many ways can they
taken r at a time is be seated…
9. How many diagonals can you form in a a. if each couple is to sit together?
n! polygon of n sides?
C(n, r ) = nCr = b. if all men sit together to the right of all
r ! (n - r )! women? Answer: 384; 576
10. In how many ways can you color a poster if
Theorem 5: The number of combinations of n objects there are 5 different colors available? 9. How many arrangements can be made from the
taken 1 at a time, 2 at a time, 3 at a time, and so letters of the word MATHEMATICS if the
on until n at a time is consonants are to be together? Answer: 75,600
For Practice:
N = 2n - 1 1. In how many different ways can you arrange 10. A man and his wife invite 8 of their friends to a
four identical Algebra books, one Calculus dinner. They are to be seated around a round
1. In how many ways can 5 different trees be book, and three identical Mechanics books in a table. How many arrangements can be made if
planted the man and his wife are to sit side by side?
Answer: 80,640
Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 6
PROBABILITY The Multiplication Rule 7. Given a class of 12 girls and 10 boys. What is
The probability that two events A and B will the probability that a committee of five, chosen
number of favorable outcomes occur in sequence is at random from the class, consists of:
P= 7a. Only girls Answer: 0.03
number of all possible of outcomes
P( A and B) = P( A) ´ P(B / A) 7b. At least one girl Answer: 0.99
If an event can happen in h ways and can fail in f
8. In a room of 23 people, what is the probability
ways and all these are equally likely to occur, then If events A and B are independent, then the rule that at least 2 people have the same birthday?
the probability of its happening is p = h/(h + f) and can be simplified to Assume birthdays are uniformly distributed
the probability of its failing is q = f/(h + f) and that
across the year and there is no leap year
p + q = 1. P( A and B) = P( A) ´ P(B) complication. Answer: 0.507
Mutually Exclusive Events: 9. A real estate agent has 8 master keys to open
events are mutually exclusive if it is impossible This simplified rule can be extended for any several homes. Only 1 master key will open any
for more than one of them to happen in a single number of independent events. given house. If 40% of these homes are usually
trial. left unlocked, what is the probability that the
At Least One Condition
Independent Events real estate agent can get into a specific home if
The probability that an event will occur at least once
if the happening of one does not affect the the agent selects 3 master keys at random
in n trials is
probability of happening of the other before leaving the office? Answer: 0.625
P=1–Q 10. The probability that a doctor correctly
Dependent Events
if the happening of one affects the probability where Q is the probability of the event to totally fail. diagnoses a particular illness is 0.7. Given that
of happening of the other the doctor makes an incorrect diagnosis, the
probability that the patient enters a lawsuit is
The Addition Rule Sample Problems: 0.9. What is the probability that the doctor
The probability that events A or B will occur, 1. A coin is tossed twice. What is the probability makes an incorrect diagnosis, and the patient
P(A or B), is given by that at least one head occurs? Answer: 3/4 sues? Answer: 0.27

P( A or B) = P( A) + P(B) - P( A and B) 2. Suppose you toss a coin and then roll a die. 11. To encourage Elmer’s promising tennis career,
What is the probability of obtaining a tail and his father offers him a prize if he wins (at least)
If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then then rolling a 1? Answer: 1/12 two tennis sets in a row in a three-set series to
the rule can be simplified to be played with his father and the club
3. A die is loaded in such a way that an even
champion alternately:
P( A or B) = P( A) + P(B) number is twice as likely to occur as an odd
number. Find the probability that if this die is Series A: FATHER-CHAMPION-FATHER or
This simplified rule can be extended to any rolled, a number less than 4 occurs. Answer: 4/9 Series B: CHAMPION-FATHER-CHAMPION
number of mutually exclusive events. according to Elmer’s choice. The champion is a
4. What is the probability of drawing a Queen or
better player than his father. Which series
Conditional Probability a diamond from a standard deck of cards?
Answer: 4/13 should Elmer choose?
the probability of an event occurring given that A. Series A C. Either A or B
another event has already occurred. The 5. In a poker hand consisting of five cards, what B. Series B D. Neither A nor B
conditional probability of event B occurring, is the probability that…
given that event A has occurred is denoted by 5a. all 5 are diamonds? Answer: 33/66,640 12. Urn 1 contains 5 white balls and 7 black balls.
P(B/A). 5b. 2 are clubs and 3 are hearts? Ans: 143/16,660 Urn 2 contains 3 whites and 12 blacks. A fair
coin is flipped. If it shows heads, a ball from
6. If six cards are selected at random from a urn 1 is drawn; if it is tails, a ball from urn 2 is
standard deck, what is the probability that drawn. Suppose a white ball was selected.
there will be no pairs? Answer: 0.3452 What is the probability that this ball was taken
from Urn 2? Answer: 12/37
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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 6
For Practice 13. Gunfighters A, B, and Care to fight a three- 16. Which of the following events is more likely:
1. A face of a coin is either head or tail. If three cornered pistol duel. All know that A’s chance that a person gets…
coins are tossed, what is the probability of of hitting the target is 0.3, C’s is 0.5, and B never A. at least 1 six when 6 dice are rolled
getting three tails? Answer: 1/8 misses. They are to fire at their choice of target B. at least 2 sixes when 12 dice are rolled
2. A bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If two in succession in the order of A, B, and C, C. at least 3 sixes when 18 dice are rolled
balls are drawn in succession without cyclically (but a hit man loses his turn and is no D. all of the above are equally likely
replacement, what is the probability that… longer shot at) until only one man is left unhit. Answer: [ A ]

2a. both balls are black? Ans: 5/14

What should A’s strategy be? 17. A bin contains 25 light bulbs, 5 of which are in
2b. both are white? Ans: 3/28
A. Shoots B first C. Shoots C first good condition and will function for at least 30
2c. one is black and the other is white? A: 15/28 B. Shoots the ground D. Shoots himself days of use, 10 of which are partially defective
Answer: [ B ]
2d. both have the same color? Ans: 13/28 and will fail on the second day of use and 10 of
9. From where he stands, one step toward the cliff which are totally defective and will not light
3. One bag contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls, would send the drunken man over the edge. He up. Given that a randomly selected bulb
and a second bag contains 3 white balls and 5 takes random steps, either toward or away initially lights up, what is the probability that it
black balls. One ball is drawn at random from from the cliff. At any step, his probability of will still be working after one week? Ans: 1/3
the second bag and is placed unseen in the first taking a step away is 2/3, of a step toward the
bag. What is the probability that a ball now 18. The probability that an automobile being filled
cliff 1/3. What is his chance of escaping the with gasoline will also need an oil change is
drawn from the first bag is black? Ans: 29/64
cliff? Answer: 1/2
0.25; the probability that it needs a new oil filter
4. The probability that a family owns a washing 10. A certain statistical observation found that it is 0.40; and the probability that both the oil and
machine is 0.78 and the probability that it owns has a probability of failing once equal to 0.422, filter need changing is 0.14.
a VCR is 0.71. The probability that it owns both twice equal to 0.141 and thrice equal to 0.016. 18a. If the oil had to be changed, what is the
a washing machine and a VCR is 0.58. What is Determine the probability that it will fall once probability that a new oil filter is needed?
the probability that a randomly selected family or thrice. Answer: 0.438 Answer: 0.56
owns a washing machine or a VCR? Ans: 0.910 18b. If a new oil filter is needed, what is the
11. In a family of five children, what is the chance probability that the oil has to be changed?
5. The probability that both stages of a two-stage that there are three boys and two girls? Answer: 0.35
missile will function correctly is 0.95. The Answer: 5/16
probability that the first stage will function 19. Luis takes a 20-question multiple-choice exam
correctly is 0.98. What is the probability that the 12. A store has three kinds of toys given in every where each question has five answers. Some of
second stage will function correctly given that purchase. What is the probability of getting all the answers he knows, while the others he gets
the first one does? Answer: 0.969 three toys in five purchases? Answer: 0.6173
right just by making lucky guesses. Suppose
6. When 100 coins are tossed, what is the 13. A piece of six-sided die is rolled 8 times. that the conditional probability of his knowing
probability that exactly 50 are heads? Ans: 0.08 Determine the probability that exactly five the answer to a randomly selected question
times the die will turn up 1 or 2. Answer: 0.068 given that he got it right is 0.92. How many of
7. From a box containing 5 white balls, 7 blue the 20 questions was he prepared for? Ans: 14
balls, and 10 black balls, one ball is drawn at 14. In a population of 100,000 females, 89.835% can
random. Determine the probability that it is expect to live to age 60, while 57.062% can 20. The probability that a house in an urban area
blue or white? Answer: 6/11 expect to live to age 80. Given that a woman is will be burglarized is 8.5%. If 45 houses are
60, what is the probability that she lives to age randomly selected, what is the probability that
8. A spider eats three flies a day. Until he fills his 80? Answer: 63.52% four of the houses will be burglarized?
quota, he has an even chance of catching any fly Answer: 0.2038
that attempts to pass. A fly is about to make the 15. Three marksmen simultaneously shoot and hit
attempt. What are the chances of survival, a rapidly spinning spherical target. What is the
given that five flies have already made the probability that the three points of impact lie on
attempt today? Answer: 3/4 the same hemisphere? Answer: 1

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 7
Binomial Probability Distribution The probability of x occurrences in an interval is This probability distribution is closely related to the
Features of a binomial experiment: x -µ Poisson probability distribution. In the Poisson
µ e
§ There are fixed number of trials (n). P( x ) = probability distribution, we deal with arrival or
§ The n trials are independent and repeated under x! occurrence rates per interval, such as, the number
identical conditions. where µ is the mean number of occurrences in that of customers arriving at a bank during half-hour
§ Each trial has only two outcomes: success (S) interval. interval. In exponential probability distribution,
and failure (F) we deal with the lapse of time between any two
§ For each individual trial, the probability of Normal Probability Distribution successive occurrences. For instance, we can find
success is the same. The probability of success is The normal probability distribution is the most the probability that the next customer in the bank
denoted by p and that of failure as q. important and widely used of all probability will not arrive for the next 10 minutes.
§ The central problem of a binomial experiment is distributions. When plotted, it gives a bell-shaped
to find the probability of x successes in n trials curve such that For the exponential probability distribution with
Formula for Binomial Probability Distribution: § the total area under the curve is 1.0, the mean number of occurrences per unit of time
§ the curve is symmetric about the mean, and equal to λ, where λ is the mean number of
P(x) = nCx px qn – x § the two tails of the curve extend indefinitely. occurrences in that interval,

Geometric Distribution f(x)

A geometric distribution is a discrete probability
distribution of a random variable x that satisfies the
following conditions:
§ A trial is repeated until a success occurs
§ The repeated trials are independent of each x
other a µ b
§ The probability of success p is constant for each P(x ≤ a) = P(x<a) = Area to the left of a a b
trial. P(x ≥ a) = P(x>a) = Area to the right of a
The probability that the first success will occur on P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = P(a < x < b) = Area between a and b P(x ≥ a) = e-λa
trial number x is P(x ≤ a) = 1 – e-λa
Standard Normal Distribution P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = e-λa – e-λb
P(x) = qx – 1 p
where q = 1 – p. PROBLEMS:
1. A pack consists of 20 pieces of candy. In a
Poisson Probability Distribution thousand packs, 40 contains less than 20 pieces.
Experiments yielding number of outcomes during x When selecting 3 packs, what is the probability
a given time interval or in a specified region are µ of selecting a pack with less than 20 candies.
often called Poisson Experiments. The given time Answer: 11.06%
interval may be of any length, such as minute, a 2. A manufacturer estimates that 1.5% of his
day, a week, a month, or even a year output of a small item is defective. Find the
Conditions to Apply Poisson Probability probabilities that in a pack of 200 items:
Distribution Q(z2) 2a. none is defective Answer: 0.0487
The following three conditions must be satisfied to P(z1)
2b. two are defective Answer: 0.225
apply Poisson probability distribution: R(z2)
z 2c. three or more are defective Answer: 0.5785
z1 0 z2
§ x is a discrete random variable
§ The occurrences are random Exponential Probability Distribution 3. The probability that any given person will
§ The occurrences are independent believe a tale about life & death is 0.8. What is

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 7
the probability that the 6th person to hear it is Girders need to be between 12.47 and 12.53 3. A box of electronic items contains 16 which
the 4th one to believe it? Answer: 0.1638 meters to be used in construction. Find the pass international product standards and 4
4. Twenty percent of all auto parts manufactured proportion of girders which cannot be used in which do not. If three items are selected at
construction. Answer: 13.4% random from the box, what is the probability
at a company are defective. Four auto parts are
that all three pass international product
selected at random. What is the probability that 9. The life span of a calculator manufactured by
three of these four auto parts are good? Lenovo Corporation has a normal distribution standards? Answer: 0.4912
Answer: 0.4096 with a mean of 54 months and a standard 4. A random sample of 15 persons is taken from a
4a. The company in the previous problem deviation of 8 months. The company population in which 42% are Muslims. What is
shipped 25 auto parts to a dealer. Later it guarantees that any calculator that starts the probability that exactly 6 persons in the
was found that five of those parts were malfunctioning within 36 months of the sample are Muslims? Answer: 0.2041
defective. By the time the company purchase will be replaced by a new one. About
manager contacts the dealer, 4 auto parts 5. A pump has a failure, on the average, once in
what percentage of such calculators made by every 5,000 hours of operations. What is the
from that shipment have already been sold. this company are expected to be replaced?
What is the probability that three of those Answer: 1.22%
probability that no failure will occur in 10,000
four parts were good? Answer: 0.4506
hours of operation? Answer: 0.135
10. A teller at Metrobank Morayta branch serves,
5. Assume the probability that you will make a on an average, 30 customers per hour. Assume 6. IQ scores have a normal distribution with a
sale on any given telephone call is 0.19. Find the that the service time for a customer has an mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
probability that you exponential probability distribution. What two IQs separate the middle 90% from
5a. make your first sale on the fifth call. 10a. What is the probability that the next the remainder of the distribution?
Answer: 75.33 & 124.67
Answer: 0.0818 customer will take five minutes or more to
5b. make your first sale on the 1st, or 2nd, or 3rd be served? Answer: 0.0821 7. Four cards are drawn at random from a deck of
call. Answer: 0.4686 10b. What is the probability that the next 52 cards. What is the probability that all four
5c. do not make a sale on the first three calls. customer will take two minutes or less to are face cards? Answer: 99/54,145
Answer: 0.5314
be served? Answer: 0.6321 8. Smith and Jones, both 50% marksmen, decide
6. A washing machine in a laundry shop in 10c. What is the probability that the next to fight a duel in which they exchange alternate
Sampaloc breaks down an average of three customer will take two to four minutes to shots until one is hit. What are the odds in
times per month. Using the Poisson probability be served? Answer: 0.2325 favor of the man who shoots first? Answer: 2/3
distribution formula, find the probability that 11. The time taken by a terminal fee collector to
during the next month this machine will 9. The probabilities that three men hit a target are
collect terminal fees from passengers entering 1/6, 1/4, and 1/3, respectively. Each shoot
have… NAIA is an exponential distribution with a
6a. exactly two breakdowns Answer: 0.224 once at the target. If only one of them hits the
mean of 23 seconds. What is the probability that target, find the probability that it was the first
6b. at most one breakdown Answer: 0.1991
a random passenger will be processed in 25 man. Answer: 6/31
7. The probability that a patient recovers from a seconds or more? Answer: 0.337
rare blood disease is 0.6. It is known that 100 10. The weight of stone cladding from a large
people have contracted this disease. It is For Practice: shipment averages 1.5 kg with a standard
desired to find the probability that less than 1. A box contains 5 defective and 195 non- deviation of 0.162 kg. If these weights are
one-half survive. For easier computations, defective cell phones. A quality control normally distributed, what percent of these
normal distribution is used to approximate this engineer selects 2 cell phones at random cladding would be expected to weigh between
binomial distribution. Find the value of the without replacement. What is the probability 1.5 kg and 1.8 kg? Answer: 46.8%
standard deviation to be used in the that exactly 1 is defective? Answer: 0.0490 11. A family with 5 children is selected at random.
computation. Answer: 4.9 What is the probability that the family has at
2. A binomial probability distribution involves 60
8. The lengths of steel girders produced in factory trials with a probability of failure of 0.26. Find least 3 boys? Answer: 1/2
are normally distributed with a mean length of the standard deviation of this probability
12.5 m and a standard deviation of 2 cm. distribution. Answer: 3.4
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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 7
12. The scores in an examination are normally distribution. The machine is to produce bars 30. There are four red, three green and five blue
distributed with a mean of 48 and a standard whose label says 50 g of chocolate. The discs in a bag. Find the probability that two
deviation of 8. Approximately what percent of company’s lawyers want to have no more than discs of the same color are drawn. Answer: 19/66
the scores fall between 40 and 56? Answer: 68% 0.5% of bars containing less than the advertised
weight. What should the mean be set at?
13. Jerwin is a 70% free throw shooter in basketball. Answer: 51.8 g
During the game, what is the probability that
Jerwin makes his third free throw on his fifth 21. An airline does a survey of the weights of adult
shot? Answer: 0.18522 passengers travelling on its flights. It finds that
5% weigh more than 84.3 kg and 2% weigh less
14. A stationery store has decided to accept a large than 57.2 kg. Assuming that the weights of
shipment of ball-point pens if an inspection of adult passengers on its flight are normally
20 randomly selected pens yields no more than distributed, find the mean and the standard
two defective pens. Find the probability that deviation of the weights. Answer: s = 7.33, µ = 72.25
this shipment is accepted if 5% of the total
shipment is defective. Answer: 92.45% 22. Aedan tries to eat at least five pieces of fruit
each day. The probability that he does is 0.6,
15. Studies have shown that 72.5% of apprehended independent of any other day. What is the
snatchers in Metro Manila are drug users. In a probability the Aedan eats at least five pieces of
random sample of 16 apprehended snatchers, fruit on more than half the days in a given
what is the probability that exactly 10 of them week? Answer: 71%
are drug users? Answer: 0.139
23. If the probability that Aera is late home from
16. Adult IQ scores are normally distributed with school in any day is 0.4, what is the probability
a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. that she is late home twice in a 5-day school
Estimate the probability that a randomly week? Answer: 0.3456
chosen adult has an IQ between 85 and 115.
Answer: 0.68 24. If 25 dice are rolled, find the probability that
Situation 1. In an examination, the marks are three 6s are seen. Answer: 0.193

normally distributed with mean of 60.7 and a Situation 2. The number of cars passing a point on
standard deviation of 12.3. a road during a five-minute period may be
17. A candidate needs a mark of at least 40 to pass. modelled by the Poisson distribution with
What percentage of the candidates fail? parameter 4. Find the probability that in five-
Answer: 4.63% minute period…
18. The board awards distinctions to the best 10% 25. 2 cars go past. Answer: 0.147
of the candidates. What is the least mark a 26. fewer than 3 cars go past. Answer: 0.238
candidate will need to get a distinction?
Answer: at least 77 Situation 3. The number of accidents in a week on
19. The list of passing candidates is published the a stretch of road is known to follow a Poisson
day before the list of distinctions. What is the distribution with a parameter 2.1. Find the
probability that a candidate who has passed probability that:
will have got a distinction? Answer: 10.5% 27. in a given week there is 1 accident. Answer: 0.257
28. in a two-week period, there are 2 accidents.
20. A machine poured melted chocolate into Answer: 0.132
molds. The standard deviation of the amount 29. there is 1 accident in each two successive
it pours is 0.7 grams and the mean amount can weeks. Answer: 0.0661
be set on the machine. The amount poured
may be assumed to follow a normal
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