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    11b - Spherical Trigonometry

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    mammasdd
    This document introduces spherical trigonometry and how to solve right and oblique spherical triangles. It discusses properties of spherical triangles and Napier's rules for solving right spherical triangles using sines, cosines, and tangents of the angles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11b - Spherical Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    mammasdd
    19 views19 pages
    This document introduces spherical trigonometry and how to solve right and oblique spherical triangles. It discusses properties of spherical triangles and Napier's rules for solving right spherical triangles using sines, cosines, and tangents of the angles.

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    11b -- Spherical Trigonometry

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    This document introduces spherical trigonometry and how to solve right and oblique spherical triangles. It discusses properties of spherical triangles and Napier's rules for solving right spherical triangles using sines, cosines, and tangents of the angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views19 pages

    11b - Spherical Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    mammasdd
    This document introduces spherical trigonometry and how to solve right and oblique spherical triangles. It discusses properties of spherical triangles and Napier's rules for solving right spherical triangles using sines, cosines, and tangents of the angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Spherical Trigonometry

    Lesson 11b
    INTRODUCTION TO SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY
    SOLUTIONS OF RIGHT SPHERICAL TRIANGLES

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 2


    • A spherical triangle is defined when three planes
    pass through the surface of a sphere and through
    the sphere's center of volume.
    • A spherical triangle has three surface angles and
    three central angles.

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 3


    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 4
    • A spherical triangle has three surface angles and three
    central angles.
    • In the figure, 'A', 'B', and 'C' label the surface angles while 'a',
    'b', and 'c' label the central angles.
    • The surface angles correspond to the angle at which two
    planes intersect each other.
    • Note that the arcs are labeled by the central angles.
    • In particular, notice that the arc opposite a surface angle is
    labeled with the surface angle's LOWER case letter.
    • For example, the arc opposite the surface angle 'A' is labeled
    by the lower case letter 'a'.
    • This is just notation and need not be followed, but it helps in
    remembering the relations to follow.
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 5
    Properties of spherical triangle
    • If a circle is drawn on a sphere so that the radius of
    the circle is the same as the radius of the sphere it
    is called a great circle . Any other circle is a small
    circle.
    • An infinite number of great circle can pass through
    one point , but only one great circle can pass
    through tow points , unless they are diametrically
    opposite.
    • A spherical triangle is a triangle each of whose
    sides is a great circle.
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 6
    • The length of the arc of a circle can be measured by the
    angle which the arc subtends at the center of the circle .
    The sides of a spherical triangle are measured in degree ,
    minutes , and seconds.
    • No sides of a spherical triangle can therefore exceed 180°.
    • The three angles of a spherical triangle must together be
    more than 180° and less than 540°.
    • The greater side is opposite the greater angle , if tow
    sides are equal their opposite angles are equal.
    • If one angle of the triangle is 90° it is called a right-angle
    triangle , and if one side of the triangle 90° it is called a
    quadrantal triangle.

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 7


    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 8
    • Napier's Rules for a spherical right triangle may be
    stated as:
    – The sine of an angle is equal to the product of cosines of the
    opposite two angles.
    – The sine of an angle is equal to the product of tangents of the
    two adjacent angles.
    • There is an easy way to determine which angles are the
    opposite and which angles are the adjacent angles.
    • Consider the spherical right triangle in which the
    surface angle C is .
    – We may write the 5 other angles (the surface angle is
    omitted) into a circle which has been divided into 5 ''pieces
    of pie''.
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 9
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 10
    Solving right angle spherical triangle :
    • In case giving a spherical triangle in which one
    angle is 90°, the following fundamental rules can be
    used,

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 11


    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 12
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 13
    SOLVING OBLIQUE SPHERICAL
    TRIANGLES

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 14


    Solving oblique spherical triangle

    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 15


    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 16
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 17
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 18
    L11b -- Spherical Trigonometry 19

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