Personality
Personality
Personality
Assignment
Course Title
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Assessor Name
Purpose/Aims
Guidelines: Students to attempt the below questions for getting PASS/ MERIT/ DISTINCTION
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques2. Define SWOT. How will you convert Weakness into Strength? (PASS)
Ans.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques3. Which factor is important for development of one’s personality? Justify by giving
Examples. (PASS) Ans.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques 4. Define Perception, Emotional Intelligence and its impact in one’s Personal and Professional Life.
(PASS) Ans. Perception refers to the set of processes we use to make sense of the different
stimuli we’re presented with. Our perceptions are based on how we interpret different sensations.
The perceptual process begins with receiving stimuli from the environment and ends with our
interpretation of those stimuli.
The value of EI is immense; developing emotional intelligence encourages many positive traits, from resilience to
communication, motivation to stress management, all of which can be seen as conducive to effectively achieving
personal, physical and occupational health, and success.Jan 9, 2020
Ques6. Talk about your daily Routine & make a DAILY HALF HOUR TIME LOG SHEET. (PASS) Ans.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques 7. What are the Time wasters and how to overcome them? (PASS) Ans. Superfluous
meetings, emails. …
Unnecessary interruptions. …
Unimportant tasks. …
Procrastination. …
Delegation avoidance.
Biggest Time Wasters That Kill Your Productivity. The average person spends 118 minutes per day
on social media. …
Bulky to-do-lists. …
Multitasking. …
Being a perfectionist. …
Unnecessary meetings. …
Saying “Yes.”
Overcome
.. Here are some ways to help you and your team recapture your time.
Root out procrastination. This may be the worst time waster of all. …
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Know what not to do. …
Eliminate distractions. …
Ques8.During your class Activity how you manage your time, What Sort of Typical barriers you
face and how you overcome them. (PASS) AnsNow that you have spent some time exploring your
values and your goals, you can easily see how you need to manage your time well in order to
accomplish your goals. When you have a long-term goal and break it down into mid-term and
short-term goals, it leads to the question, “What do I need to do today in order to achieve my
goal?” This question is at the heart of time management. Your goals guide how you spend your
time and resources. Having clearly defined goals with specific deadlines leads you to be deliberate
in planning your time and makes it easier to establish an effective time management system.
As most students discover, college is not the same as high school. For many students, college is
the first time they are “on their own” in an environment filled with opportunity. And while this
can be exciting, you may find that social opportunities and job responsibilities conflict with
academic expectations. For example, a free day before an exam, if not wisely spent, can spell
trouble for doing well on the exam. It is easy to fall behind when there are so many choices and
freedoms.
One of the main goals of a college education is learning how to learn. In this section, we zoom in
on learning how to skillfully manage your time. To be successful in college, it’s imperative to be
able to effectively manage your time and to manage all aspects of your life including school, work,
and social opportunities. Time management isn’t actually difficult, but you do need to learn how
to do it well.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
In the following Alleyoop Advice video, Alleyoop (Angel Aquino) discusses what many students
discover about college: there is a lot of free time—and just as many challenges to balance free
time with study time.
Thinking about your goals gets you started, but it’s also important to think about priorities. We
often use the word “priorities” to refer to how important something is to us. We might think, This
is a really important goal, and that is less important. Try this experiment: go back to the goals you
wrote in the last chapter and see if you can rank each goal as a 1 (top priority), 2 (middle priority),
or 3 (lowest priority).
It sounds easy, but do you actually feel comfortable doing that? Maybe you gave a priority 1 to
passing your courses and a priority 3 to playing your guitar. So what does that mean—that you
never play guitar again, or at least not while in college? Whenever you have an hour free between
class and work, you have to study because that’s the higher priority? What about all your other
goals—do you have to ignore everything that’s not a priority 1? And what happens when you have
to choose among different goals that are both number 1 priorities?
In reality, priorities don’t work quite that way. It doesn’t make a lot of sense to try to rank goals as
always more or less important. The question of priority is really a question of what is more
important at a specific time. It is important to do well in your classes, but it’s also important to
earn money to support yourself and have a social life. You shouldn’t have to choose between
these, except at any given time. Priorities always involve time: what is most important to do right
now. Time management is mostly a way to juggle priorities so you can meet all your goals.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
When you manage your time well, you don’t have to ignore some goals completely in order to
meet other goals. In other words, you don’t have to give up your life when you register for college,
but you may need to work on managing your life and time more effectively.
But, time management works only when you’re committed to your goals. Attitude and motivation are
very important. If you haven’t yet developed an attitude for success, all the time management skills
in the world won’t keep you focused and motivated to succeed.
Ques9. Define Leadership.(PASS) Ans. Leadership is the act of guiding a team or individual to
achieve a certain goal through direction and motivation. Leaders encourage others to take
the actions they need to succeed. To be a great leader, it is necessary to learn and cultivate
the skills it takes to be effective
rts:
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ability to delegate.
Communication.
Self-awareness.
Gratitude.
Learning agility.
Influence.
Empathy.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques 12. 2.Why is leadership important? State the 5 reasons which make
leadership important. (PASS) Ans.Leadership is an important function of
management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational
goals. … Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to
perform their work effectively and efficiently.
They Help Motivate And Grow Employees. “A manager says ‘go’ and a leader says ‘let’s go! …
They Move The Business Forward. Great leaders have a clear vision and are incredibly
focused on realizing that vision. …
They Create Loyal Customers. …
They Create Passionate Brand Ambassadors. …
They Inspire Other Leaders To Be Great.
Technically, When a person knows all his abilities & qualities and willing to share ideas, thoughts, feelings and values
with other that person is called an OPEN SELF PERSONALITY. OPEN SELF is one of the four quadrants of JoHari Window
technique. Other three quadrants are BLIND SELF, HIDDEN SELF, and DARK SELF.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Unknown self :- this part of our self that neither we nor the others around us can see. It contains all those things
which are out of our awareness window, such as depressed feelings and experiences which have been stored deeply
in our subconscious.
Hidden self :-This is the part of our self which is visible to us, but invisible to the others. In this area we keep our very
personal information, all those things we are not willing to share with others, since they might be our weak points,
dysfunctions, fears, emotions, motives, desires, mistakes, secrets or guilt.
Blind self:- Blind Self’ or ‘Blind Area’ or ‘Blindspot’ Region 2 is what is known about a person by others in the group,
but is unknown by the person him/herself. By seeking or soliciting feedback from others, the aim should be to reduce
this area and thereby to increase the open area i.e, to increase self-awareness.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques16.Define Four Life Stroke Position and its impact while Working in Team.(PASS) Ans.
Four life stock positions while working in a team:
It is hypothetically a mentally healthy position. If genuine, People with this position about
themselves and others can solve their problems usefully. Their prospects are likely to be valid.
They accept the implication of other people.
Ques:1. Why is the open self personality important? How do you become an open self personality?
(MERIT) Ans. Open Self. Represents all the information, behaviors, attitudes and feelings about
yourself that you know and that others know (like you name, skin color, political beliefs) Blind Self.
Represents the knowledge about you that others have but you don’t (like you rub your nose when
you get nervous
To be open, do your best to be honest about yourself and your opinions. Don’t be afraid to show your
authentic self. Being an open person means keeping up open communication with people you care about.
If something is on your mind, talk
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques2: Name one external and internal motivational factor which motivates you towards achieving
your goal. Justify your answer. (MERIT) Ans: The Incentive Theory suggests that people are
pulled toward behaviors by rewards (incentives). Extrinsic (external) motivation is any influence
comes from an outside source. An intrinsic (internal) motivation is any motivation comes from
within and provides a sense of satisfaction The Basics: Which Factors Affect Motivation?
Leadership style,
Ques 3: List any 3 positive emotions and 3 negative emotions. How can you creatively use each to
become more emotionally intelligent? (MERIT) Ans:
Ques:-4 What are the applications and results of motivation? (MERIT) Ans: Answer. It is very
necessary to apply the concepts of motivation in various institutions and organization to increase their
performance and make it possible to increase the level of production. Behaviour changing and rehab
institutions to enable them to adopt keenly with the external environment.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Examples of Motivation in Life
Survival needs (food, shelter, clothing)
Accomplishment (school, career, sports, etc.)
Fun (partying, dancing, playing, beach, etc.)
Taste (food)
Curiosity (needing to know something)
Ques: 5 List any three persons in your life who are most empathy oriented towards you. State
what is it that they do for you that makes you like them. (MERIT) Ans:
These are cognitive, emotional and compassionate empathy. This page explains
what is meant by each of these types if empathy. It also explains how and why it
is possible to demonstrate one or more of the three types of empathy, yet still
come across as uncaringLack of empathy is not an isolated disorder, it’s a
symptom that many disorders beholds. And ofcourse it can be a result of a brain
damage from an accident or physical disease that damages the brain.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques:6 How will you improve your time-management? State 5 areas in which you commit to
improve. (MERIT) Ans:
Make a Schedule – and Stick to It. Start improving your time management skills by organizing your days and weeks
in advance. …
Prioritize. …
Set Some Boundaries. …
Account for Good Distractions. …
Stay Away From the Bad Distractions. …
Get Some Tech Help. …
Never Procrastination
Delegate Tasks. It is common for all of us to take on more tasks than we are capable of completing. …
Prioritize Work. Before the start of the day, make a list of tasks that need your immediate attention. …
Create a Schedule. …
Set up Deadlines. …
Overcome Procrastination. …
Deal With Stress Wisely. …
Avoid Multitasking. …
Start Early.
Ques:7 What are the blocks to efficient time management? How will you overcome them? (MERIT)
Ans: Most commonly these barriers will include issues like inefficiency, overwhelm, interruptions,
lack of prioritising, and not setting limits. By taking some simple steps to manage these challenges
you can become much calmer and more effective. Efficiency
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Many of us feel busy, yet just being busy does not mean we are achieving what we want or need to
achieve. Coaching will help you understand what factors contribute to any inefficiency and how to work
smarter rather than harder – so you achieve more in less time. You will learn how to set systems and
routines for dealing with things in the smartest way possible and how to help you focus better and feel
energised so you find it easier to cope with all your demands.
Think about your current efficiency and where it could be improved. When and how do you work your
best? What systems or routines would help you get through the tasks you have to do in a more
timeefficient way?
Overwhelm
When we have many responsibilities and demands it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Coaching will help you
look at your workload and how you are dealing with it. You’ll discover ways to reduce your feelings of
overload, how to work more efficiently and how you might reduce the amount of things you deal with.
You’ll also find out how to prevent tasks becoming too onerous and how to deal with any backlogs you
already have. You can even discover how to use your ‘to do’ list so it works for you rather than simply
providing another reminder of all the things you haven’t achieved.
When do you currently feel overwhelmed with things to do? What ways can you find to reduce the amount of work,
tame your ‘to do’ list, or get started on tasks and successfully complete them?
Interruptions
Even perfectly formed plans can be disrupted by unexpected events. If this affects you, coaching can help
you minimise the impact of those interruptions and take better control of your time so you can maintain
your focus and achieve the things you want to achieve. It will also help you recognise how you contribute
to your interruptions and give you strategies for dealing with this.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Think about when you currently find yourself interrupted from your work. Why and how is it happening? What is
within your control? What changes could you make? How can you minimise both the interruptions and their
impact?
Prioritising
Coaching will help you identify what you need to deal with first. Once you’re in control of your time, you’ll
be able to stop rushing around chasing ‘urgent’ deadlines and instead find time to deal with the things that
are important to you. This is easy to establish if you’ve started from your goals – the things that are really
important for you to achieve. You can also learn how to change your goals from aspirations to reality
through setting in place a simple but effective action plan.
To what extent do you currently deal with what’s urgent rather than what’s important? What can you do to
change this? When will you change it?
Setting limits
This is about knowing when to stop and when to say ‘no’. Coaching will help you take control of your time
through recognising your limits, learning how to respond to your needs, and how to say ‘no’ whilst still
holding onto your self-respect and the respect of the people around you.
Ask yourself what boundaries you currently set for your work or things you need to do. Are they sufficient
or appropriate? Are you giving time for the important things or are you just ‘keeping busy’? What changes
do you need to make? Then set yourself some realistic actions to achieve this.
Overcoming the things that get in the way of you managing your time can lower your stress, increase your wellbeing,
and improve your relationships. You will get more things done and feel in control your time and your life again. So what
step will you take today?
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Elizabeth Juffs is an Accredited Personal & Professional Coach, specialising in working with people who want to
become even more successful in their career or home life and want a better work-life balance. She helps them
build their self-confidence, manage their time, reduce their stress, and gain greater control over their work
and their lives, so they feel fulfilled, healthy and happy. She coaches face to face and over the phone or via
email within the UK and beyond.
To find out more about how coaching can help you take control of your time and your life, contact Elizabeth Juffs
on 0115 925 2552 (+44 115 925 2552 from outside UK) for a free, no-obligation chat. Or visit her website and sign
up for her free
Ques 8.Which leadership function do you think is most important and justify your choice.
(MERIT) Ans Additionally, these leaders have mastered the six basic functions of management:
leading, planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and communicating. But what’s the one golden thread
tying all those functions together — and the most important key to great leadership? Clear
communication.
Generally, a savvy leader’s success is directly tied to his or her ability to focus on the business
fundamentals – the daily blocking and tackling that every company must master to be a winner in its field.
Strong, effective leaders stress fundamentals like discipline, accountability, strategic alignment, managing
to his or her values and empowering employees.
Additionally, these leaders have mastered the six basic functions of management: leading, planning,
organizing, staffing, controlling and communicating. But what’s the one golden thread tying all those
functions together — and the most important key to great leadership? Clear communication.
Think about it … how do the best leaders motivate and inspire their people? Through clear
communication. How do the best organizations promote discipline, accountability and strategic
alignment? With clear communication.
And, how do market leaders sell their products and services? With compelling ads and marketing
campaigns — in sum, by clear communication. The point itself is crystal clear: In real estate, the old cliché
is “location, location, location.” In business leadership, you preach “communication, communication,
communication.”
First, you must realize and accept that clear communication is always a two-way process. It’s not enough to
speak clearly; you have to make sure you’re being heard and understood. To facilitate this, use the
following two-way communication primer:
Evaluate the effectiveness of the communication afterwards Take corrective action as necessary
Primers, of course, aren’t enough. You must go deeper and determine why internal communications are
poor or ineffective, considering any potential barriers. Once the barriers have been identified, you’ll see
where to improve.
Additionally, you’ll inevitably realize the stakes are high when it comes to communicating — if you fail to do
this properly, you can poison the atmosphere between you and a colleague, as well as your company’s
morale. So the next time you’re drafting a letter, e-mail or policy statement, before you send it, stop and
consider these common barriers to clear communication:
Failure to establish the best medium for the communication (e-mail and cell phones are NOT the best
ways to communicate serious material).
Ques:9.What are the 10 steps of goal setting and achievement?(MERIT) Ans Ques10.What are the
patterns of communication? Give example for each. (MERIT) Ans STEPS TO GOAL SETTING
Step 1– Identify your goals. By knowing precisely what you want to achieve, you know what you have to
concentrate on and improve. …
Step 2 –Write your goals down. …
Step 3 –Needs Analysis. …
Step 4 –List Benefits and Obstacles. … Step
5 –List Objectives. … Step 6 – Create a plan
of action.
Ques:11. What are Ego states? Which Ego state do you operate most often? (MERIT) Ans Ques12.List any 4
areas where you would like to be more persistent? How will you do it?(MERIT) Ans The Ego States are an
important aspect of transactional analysis that talks about how a person feels, behave or think at any point of
time.
According to Dr Eric Berne, people usually interact with each other in terms of three psychological and behavioral
patterns classified as parent ego, adult ego and child ego, often called as a PAC Model. This classification is not made on
the basis of the age group of an individual rather these are related to the ways in which an individual behaves. Thus, it is
observed that a person of any age group may possess varying degrees of these ego states.
Parent Ego: The parent ego, refers to the behavior and attitude of an emotionally significant individual who acted with
quite a maturity when he was a child. He possesses the parental traits of being overprotective, dogmatic, distant,
indispensable and upright and behaves very judiciously at any time.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
There are two types of a parent ego: critical and nurturing. The critical parent ego is one when an individual shows the
critical and evaluative behavior while interacting with the others. Whereas the nurturing parent ego is one, when
individual shows the kind and nurturing behavior, not only towards children but towards all with whom he interacts.
Adult Ego: The adult ego shows the logical thinking and reasoning ability of an individual. The person behaving or
interacting with adult ego seeks all the information properly, validate it using his reasoning skills and then provide it to
the other people. The person possessing the adult ego can be judged through his discussions and the way he thinks
about a situation before arriving at the conclusion.
As the individual grows, he updates his parent data to identify what is valid or not valid, similarly the child data is also
updated to determine which feeling should be expressed and which should be left unspoken. In this way, the adult ego
helps an individual to control his emotional expressions appropriately.
Child Ego: The child ego, refers to the state of an individual when he behaves illogically and takes quick actions to satisfy
the immediate needs without thinking much about its consequences. The creativity, depression, conformity,
dependence, hate, fear, etc. are some of the main characteristics of this ego state. The child ego represents the
childhood state when an individual has not become social and is in its initial stage of development.
The child ego can be natural, adaptive and rebellious. The natural child is sensuous, impulsive, affectionate and does
things that come naturally. Whereas the adaptive child is one, who is trained and instructed by parents to behave in a
manner taught by them. The rebellious child is one who is not allowed to open up and experiences anger, fear and
frustration.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques1.Does your "personality" need improvement? Why?(DISTINCTION) Ans yes personality need
improvement Bec.
• It’s a pathway for people to maximise their potential by becoming aware of their skills and
qualities and thus achieve their goals in life
• Its help you enhance your employability career prospects raise your confidence and thus help
you to lead more fulfilling, high quality life
• Plan to make relvent positive and effective life choices and decisions for your future to enable
personal growth and empowerment.
Ques2.List 5 areas in which you hold negative attitudes. How can you change these to positive
attitudes? (DISTINCTION) Ans People with a negative attitude ignore the good and pay
attention to the bad in people, situations, events, etc. For example; when a guy has so much power,
wealth, and influences with great luck; but still complains and goes on a rant; well that person has a
negative attitude.
To successfully change your attitude, do things that help you feel good about yourself and others.
Volunteer work and community sports leagues are great options. Action creates change. Make positive
statements to yourself, take action based on these statements, and your outlook on life will change.
Ques4.What are the applications of Emotional Intelligence? Give examples explaining this
application? (DISTINCTION) Ans
Emotional intelligence is the capacity to understand and manage your emotions. The skills involved in
emotional intelligence are self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Application
• Anger
• Failure not getting what one want, negative responses, teasing, accidents, bad language, all stimulating
anger which leads to negative interaction which again stimulate more anger and people get stuck in a
verious cycle
• Jealousy and hate why do these feelings come to me? Do I lag behind others? Are they really better
then me? These are the questions which need serious consideration because honest answer can
convert negative feelings to positive feelings through accommodation empathy and rationality.
• Don’t blame all feelings are produced inside an individual so logically that circumstances behaviour of
other and event should have no control and allow the blame to take over stop blaming •
Ques5 What are the blocks to efficient time management? How will "YOU" overcome them?
(DISTINCTION) Ans. Easy for things to get in the way of your best efforts to manage your time. Most
commonly these barriers will include issues like inefficiency, overwhelm, interruptions, lack of prioritising,
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
and not setting limits. By taking some simple steps to manage these challenges you can become much
calmer and more effective. Many of my clients come to me because they want to take control of their
time and stress. Through coaching you can deal with each of your challenges to managing your time and
learn how to get on top of things and lower your stress. Here are some pointers to unravelling what’s
getting in the way of you making the best use of your time and how to begin to overcome them.
Efficiency
Many of us feel busy, yet just being busy does not mean we are achieving what we want or need to
achieve. Coaching will help you understand what factors contribute to any inefficiency and how to work
smarter rather than harder – so you achieve more in less time. You will learn how to set systems and
routines for dealing with things in the smartest way possible and how to help you focus better and feel
energised so you find it easier to cope with all your demands.
Think about your current efficiency and where it could be improved. When and how do you work your
best? What systems or routines would help you get through the tasks you have to do in a more
timeefficient way?
Overwhelm
When we have many responsibilities and demands it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Coaching will help you
look at your workload and how you are dealing with it. You’ll discover ways to reduce your feelings of
overload, how to work more efficiently and how you might reduce the amount of things you deal with.
You’ll also find out how to prevent tasks becoming too onerous and how to deal with any backlogs you
already have. You can even discover how to use your ‘to do’ list so it works for you rather than simply
providing another reminder of all the things you haven’t achieved.
When do you currently feel overwhelmed with things to do? What ways can you find to reduce the amount of
work, tame your ‘to do’ list, or get started on tasks and successfully complete them?
Interruptions
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Even perfectly formed plans can be disrupted by unexpected events. If this affects you, coaching can help
you minimise the impact of those interruptions and take better control of your time so you can maintain
your focus and achieve the things you want to achieve. It will also help you recognise how you contribute
to your interruptions and give you strategies for dealing with this.
Think about when you currently find yourself interrupted from your work. Why and how is it happening?
What is within your control? What changes could you make? How can you minimise both the
interruptions and their impact?
Prioritising
Coaching will help you identify what you need to deal with first. Once you’re in control of your time, you’ll be
able to stop rushing around chasing ‘urgent’ deadlines and instead find time to deal with the things that are
important to you. This is easy to establish if you’ve started from your goals – the things that are really important
for you to achieve. You can also learn how to change your goals from aspirations to reality through setting in
place a simple but effective action plan.
To what extent do you currently deal with what’s urgent rather than what’s important? What can you do to
change this? When will you change it?
Setting limits
This is about knowing when to stop and when to say ‘no’. Coaching will help you take control of your time
through recognising your limits, learning how to respond to your needs, and how to say ‘no’ whilst still
holding onto your self-respect and the respect of the people around you.
Ask yourself what boundaries you currently set for your work or things you need to do. Are they sufficient
or appropriate? Are you giving time for the important things or are you just ‘keeping busy’? What changes
do you need to make? Then set yourself some realistic actions to achieve this.
Overcoming the things that get in the way of you managing your time can lower your stress, increase your
well-being, and improve your relationships. You will get more things done and feel in control your time
and your life again. So what step will you take today?
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Elizabeth Juffs is an Accredited Personal & Professional Coach, specialising in working with people who
want to become even more successful in their career or home life and want a better work-life balance.
She helps them build their self-confidence, manage their time, reduce their stress, and gain greater
control over their work and their lives, so they feel fulfilled, healthy and happy. She coaches face to face
and over the phone or via email within the UK and beyond.
Ques 6.What are the three factors essential for leadership to function effectively? (DISTINCTION)
Ans . qualities.
Communication. Often said to be one of the most important qualities of great leaders, communication is
the glue that binds an effective and productive team together – enabling them to function at their
collaborative best.
If you want to be a good leader, make communication a priority. Explain your vision to your team, and clearly and
concisely communicate what you need so you can work towards a common goal. It’s important to be heard, but
it’s just as important to listen and ensure your message is understood. Focus on creating a dialogue with your team
members, rather than a monologue.
The best communicators are honest, empathetic, transparent and authentic, so bring these qualities into
your team communication to build trust and respect.
“Presenting leadership as a list of carefully defined qualities (like strategic, analytical, and
performanceoriented) no longer holds. Instead, true leadership stems from individuality that is honestly
and sometimes imperfectly expressed…. Leaders should strive for authenticity over perfection.” Sheryl
Sandberg, Chief Operating Officer, Facebook
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
A positive attitude. The ability to inspire and motivate your team is priceless, so make your second priority
to be a source of positive energy – leading an enthusiastic team by example. Confidence is contagious and
motivates people to do their best work, so approach every facet of the work you do with optimism and
conviction.
Rally the troops, look for ways to get people to do their best work together, and make yourself accessible
so your team can always come to you for further direction where needed.
It’s not always easy to be positive when you’re under pressure, but like any good habit, being mindful of
your attitude and trying to cultivate enthusiasm at every opportunity can snowball on itself. Simply put, if
you focus on feeling positive, you’ll be more positive – and your colleagues will soon follow suit.
“Tweet me!The secret of leadership is simple: Do what you believe in. Paint a picture of the future. Go
there. People will follow.? Seth Godin, entrepreneur and best-selling author
The ability to delegate. It’s impossible to be a great leader if you’re trying to do everything yourself, so be
sure to identify the strengths of your team members and capitalise on them by delegating key tasks. Not
only is delegation important because it frees up your time to focus on higher-level tasks, but it can also
lead to an overall more productive and autonomous team.
When you delegate successfully, you have the opportunity to build trust with your colleagues. By
assigning them a task, you’re communicating that you believe in their skills and abilities, which in turn will
offer them more responsibility and ownership of their place within the team.
Employees who feel trusted and valued often work harder and have a greater sense of loyalty. Mangers
and executives who delegate have a greater ability to focus on the bigger picture, and get the best out of
their team
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Ques7.What are the barriers you faced while improving your communication? What will you do to
overcome them? (DISTINCTION) Ans.
Common Barriers to Effective Communication:
The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms.
Emotional barriers and taboos. Some people may find it difficult to express their emotions and some
topics may be completely ‘off-limits’ or taboo. Taboo or difficult topics may include, but are not limited to,
politics, religion, disabilities (mental and physical), sexuality and sex, racism and any opinion that may be
seen as unpopular.
Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver. (See our page Barriers to Effective
Listening for more information).
Differences in perception and viewpoint.
Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.
Physical barriers to non-verbal communication. Not being able to see the non-verbal cues, gestures,
posture and general body language can make communication less effective. Phone calls, text messages
and other communication methods that rely on technology are often less effective than face-to-face
communication.
Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping. People often hear what
they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and jump to incorrect conclusions. Our page The
Ladder of Inference explains this in more detail.
Cultural differences. The norms of social interaction vary greatly in different cultures, as do the way in
which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies between cultures and
between different social settings. See our page on Intercultural Awareness for more information.
A skilled communicator must be aware of these barriers and try to reduce their impact by continually
checking understanding and by offering appropriate feedback.
However, even when communicating in the same language, the terminology used in a message may act as
a barrier if it is not fully understood by the receiver(s). For example, a message that includes a lot of
specialist jargon and abbreviations will not be understood by a receiver who is not familiar with the
terminology used.
Regional colloquialisms and expressions may be misinterpreted or even considered offensive. See our
page: Effective Speaking for more information.
Psychological Barriers
The psychological state of the communicators will influence how the message is sent, received and
perceived.
For example:
If someone is stressed they may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as receptive to the
message as if they were not stressed.
Stress management is an important personal skill that affects our interpersonal relationships. See our
pages Stress: Symptoms and Triggers and Avoiding Stress for more information.
Anger is another example of a psychological barrier to communication. When we are angry it is easy to say
things that we may later regret, and also to misinterpret what others are saying.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
See our pages: What is Anger? And Anger Management for more information.
More generally people with low self-esteem may be less assertive and therefore may not feel comfortable
communicating – they may feel shy or embarrassed about saying how they really feel, or read unintended
negative sub-texts in messages they hear.
Visit our pages on Improving Self-Esteem and Assertiveness for more information.
Physiological Barriers
Physiological barriers to communication may result from the receiver’s physical state.
For example, a receiver with reduced hearing may not fully grasp the content of a spoken conversation
especially if there is significant background noise.
Physical Barriers
An example of a physical barrier to communication is geographic distance between the sender and
receiver(s).
Communication is generally easier over shorter distances as more communication channels are available
and less technology is required. The ideal communication is face-to-face.
Although modern technology often helps to reduce the impact of physical barriers, the advantages and
disadvantages of each communication channel should be understood so that an appropriate channel can
be used to overcome the physical barriers.
Systematic Barriers
Systematic barriers to communication may exist in structures and organisations where there are
inefficient or inappropriate information systems and communication channels, or where there is a lack of
understanding of the roles and responsibilities for communication. In such organisations, people may be
unclear of their role in the communication process and therefore not know what is expected of them.
Attitudinal Barriers
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Attitudinal barriers are behaviours or perceptions that prevent people from communicating effectively.
Attitudinal barriers to communication may result from personality conflicts, poor management, resistance
to change or a lack of motivation. To be an effective receiver of messages you should attempt to
overcome your own attitudinal barriers to to help ensure more effective communication.
To improve your overall communication skills you need to be aware of, and attempt to minimise, any
barriers to communication that are present.
By developing your emotional intelligence you will become more aware of how to communicate with
others in the most appropriate and effective ways.
Take our Interpersonal Skills Self-Assessment to find out your strengths and weakness.
Ques8. Explain the ladder of inference with an example. (DISTINCTION) Ans. The Ladder of
Inference
How to Avoid Jumping to Conclusions
Have you ever been accused of “putting 2 and 2 together and making 5,” meaning that the other person
thinks you have jumped to the wrong conclusion?
In today’s fast-moving world, we are always under pressure to act now, rather than spend time reasoning
things through and thinking about the true facts.
Not only can this lead us to a wrong conclusion, but it can also cause conflict with other people, who may
have drawn quite different conclusions on the same matter.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
In a fast business environment, you need to make sure your actions and decisions are founded on reality.
Likewise, when you accept or challenge other people’s conclusions, you need be confident that their
reasoning, and yours, is firmly based on the true facts. The “Ladder of Inference” helps you achieve this.
Sometimes known as the “Process of Abstraction,” this tool helps you understand the thinking steps that
can lead you to jump to wrong conclusions, and so helps you get back to hard reality and facts.
The Ladder of Inference was first put forward by organizational psychologist Chris Argyris and used by
Peter Senge in The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization.
Starting at the bottom of the ladder, we have reality and facts. From there, we:
By using the Ladder of Inference, you can learn to get back to the facts and use your beliefs and
experiences to positive effect, rather than allowing them to narrow your field of judgment. Following this
step-by-step reasoning can lead you to better results, based on reality, so avoiding unnecessary mistakes
and conflict.
The step-by-step reasoning process helps you remain objective and, when working or challenging others,
reach a shared conclusion without conflict.
Tip 1:
Use the Ladder of Inference at any of stage of your thinking process. If you’re asking any of the following
questions, the model may prove a useful aid:
At each stage, ask yourself WHAT you are thinking and WHY. As you analyze each step, you may need to
adjust your reasoning. For example, you may need to change some assumption or extend the field of data
you have selected.
The following questions help you work backward (coming down the ladder, starting at the top):
Why have I chosen this course of action? Are there other actions I should have considered?
What belief lead to that action? Was it well-founded?
Why did I draw that conclusion? Is the conclusion sound?
What am I assuming, and why? Are my assumptions valid?
What data have I chosen to use and why? Have I selected data rigorously?
What are the real facts that I should be using? Are there other facts I should consider?
Tip 2:
When you are working through your reasoning, look out for rungs that you tend to jump. Do you tend to
make assumptions too easily? Do you tend to select only part of the data? Note you tendencies so that
you can learn to do that stage of reasoning with extra care in the future.
With a new sense of reasoning (and perhaps a wider field of data and more considered assumptions), you
can now work forwards again – step-by-step – up the rungs of the ladder.
Tip 3:
Try explaining your reasoning to a colleague or friend. This will help you check that your argument is
sound.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
If you are challenging someone else’s conclusions, it is especially important to be able to explain your
reasoning so that you can explain it to that person in a way that helps you reach a shared conclusion and
avoid conflict.
Most people would agree that the Sales Manager may have just jumped to a rash conclusion. So let’s see
how the scenario plays using the Ladder of Inference:
The latest month’s sales figures (reality) have come in, and the Sales Manager immediately focuses on
Don’s territory (selected reality). Sales are down on the previous months again (interpreted reality). The Sales Manager
assumes that the drop in sales is entirely to do with Don’s performance (assumption), and decides thatDon hasn’t been
performing well (conclusion). So he forms the opinion that Don isn’t up to the job (belief). He feels that firing Don is the
best options (action).
Now let’s challenge the Sales Manager’s thinking using the Ladder of Inference:
The Sales Manager came to the sales figures with an existing belief that Don, a new salesmen, couldn’t
possibly be as good as the “old-timers” who he has trained for years. He focused on Don’s territory because
Don is the newest salesman, and selected facts that supported what he already believed (that Don wouldn’t
be doing a good job).
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
To get back to facts and reality, we must challenge the Sales Manager’s selection of data and his
assumptions about Don’s likely performance.
Although the figures are down in Don’s territory, they have actually dipped less than in other areas. Don is
actually a great salesman, but he and his colleagues have in fact been let down by new products being
delayed, and by old products running out of stock.
Once the Sales Manager changes his assumptions, he will see the need to focus on solving the production
issues. He can also learn from Don – how is it that Don has performed better than other sales people in
the face of stock problems? Can others learn from him?
Infographic
Click on the image below to see The Ladder of Inference represented in an infographic:
Ques 9.Which of the five team life-cycle stages occurs after storming? (DISTINCTION) Ans.The
forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce
Tuckman in 1965, who said that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for a team
to grow, face up to challenges, tackle problems, find solutions, plan work, and deliver results.
:-Some teams will never develop past this stage, that said, conflict and
Storming
disagreements within the team can also make a team stronger, more versatile,
and able to work more effectively as a unit. The storming stage is necessary to
the growth of the team. Performing :-In the performing stage, it’s time for the
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
group to get things done. Members are motivated to work together as a
cohesive group and they find ways to solve lingering or new disagreements. In
this stage, group morale and loyalty are high, and the group is characterized
by trust, experience, intimacy, and competence.
Norming :- Norming refers to the process of constructing norms or the typical performance of a
group of individuals on a psychological or achievement assessment. Tests that compare an
individual’s score against the scores of groups are termed norm-referenced assessments.
Adjourning In the adjourning stage, most of the team’s goals have been accomplished. The
emphasis is on wrapping up final tasks and documenting the effort and results. As the work load is
diminished, individual members may be reassigned to other teams, and the team disbands.
Ques10.What Barriers did you face during your Project work? How can it be translated to your
Desired Job? (DISTINCTION) Ans.
Fitting In
Figuring out how to be part of a new work culture can at times be frustrating. Get to know your coworkers by working
on team projects. This promotes common interests, builds trust, and allies. Ask questions if you don’t understand
something. Be friendly and respectful. Your good attitude, manners, and work habits will show that you are a
professional. Don’t contribute to office gossip.
Being Heard
It takes time to gain the trust of coworkers to get them on board with your ideas. Listen and observe before suggesting
changes. Bring solutions to the table. Engage your coworkers by knowing what you are talking about. Build a reputation
of being clear-headed, objective, and reasonable.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Making Mistakes
They happen to everyone at some point. Admit them and apologize. Don’t offer excuses or try to cover them up.
Instead, offer solutions as soon as possible and fix the problem on your own time. Forgive yourself, and move on.
Time Management
It can be difficult when you’re settling into a new job and adjusting to your new responsibilities. Create a daily “to do” or
goals list. Breaking down your tasks will make them seem more manageable, keep you organized, and help you to be
more productive and efficient. If you are still having difficulty managing your workload, ask a coworker for advice, or
speak with your supervisor to prioritize your work.
Disagreeable Coworkers
They create an unpleasant work situation. Avoid them if possible, be pleasant when you have to work with them, and
stand up to them when necessary. Even if they need to be dealt with, don’t get into a fight with them. Talk with them
calmly, in private, about how their behavior makes you feel. Avoid involving your supervisor unless it’s absolutely
necessary.
Office Bullies
They cause anxiety and stress. And they often target those they see as a threat. Don’t let them isolate you or make you
feel bad about yourself. Stand up for yourself. Never sink to their level. Discuss the problem with a mentor to find the
best way to handle them. If they are threatening you, report it to your supervisor.
“WE seem to be missing deadlines because tasks aren’t started on time. How can WE fix this?”
Offer a solution that will help the both of you meet your goals and look good. If the problem can’t be resolved, contact
their supervisor and human resources for assistance.
Workplace Bullying
Bullying in the workplace can include anything from condescending behavior and gossiping to exclusion or violence.
Both coworkers and bosses can be bullies. If you are being bullied at work, you are not alone. You didn’t cause this to
happen and have options for how to handle the situation:
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Try to deal with it yourself by confronting the bully in a calm, confident manner. Tell the bully that their comments or
actions are offensive and give them an opportunity to correct his or her behavior.
Prepare for consequences. Bullying often escalates once they are exposed.
Make sure your superiors are aware of your good work. Bullies often try to spread the word that you aren’t doing your
job well.
Avoid situations where bullying is most likely to occur. Unfortunately, bullying cases are often hard to prove through
legal action. You may choose to leave the hostile environment instead.
Fear of dismissal or retaliation keeps many employees from reporting bullying to their employers. Some employers
dismiss the bullying as a personality conflict. Keep a detailed log of the bully’s behavior and speak with someone in
human resources or within the company that you trust.
Advancement Concerns
Being Passed Over for Promotion
It never feels good to be turned down for something, but be gracious about the news. Don’t complain to others.
Request a meeting with your supervisor to find out why and what you can do differently to gain a promotion. Below are
a few other things you can do to help you get that next promotion:
Document your past successes and practice self-promotion so that your coworkers and networking contacts know
about your accomplishments.
Acquire new knowledge and skills or update your current ones to keep yourself up to date and marketable.
Show initiative and leadership by actively look for ways to improve your company.
Be proactive and ask for more projects and responsibilities.
Find a person higher up in your company to serve as your mentor.
Be on good terms with your boss, and let him or her know you are interested in moving up.
Volunteer to work on teams.
Network with people inside and outside your company.
Glass Ceiling
If you feel like you have advanced as far as you can go with your present employer, you have probably reached what is
called the “glass ceiling.” You can see through that ceiling to the next career level, but you can’t seem to reach it. In
addition to working toward any promotion (see above), there are ways to combat the glass ceiling:
Prove your value to your employer and identify which traits and skills they are looking for when they promote people.
Discuss your career goals with your supervisor and how to accomplish them. Nurture your relationships with other
people where you work. Pigeon-Holed
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
This means you have been categorized as someone who is skilled in only certain areas and not considered for any other
type of work. This prevents you from moving up or in a new career direction. When this happens, you may feel stuck in
your present role at work. Taking the following steps can help:
Speak with your supervisor about the issue to find out why you are parked in your present position. Express your desire
to do something different.
Volunteer to take on new responsibilities and projects to prove you can do other things. This will increase your value
and visibility.
Get some additional training if necessary.
Train a replacement for yourself so management won’t feel they are losing the only person that can do your job well.
Looking for Other Work
Before you make a hasty decision to quit (especially in a tight job market), try to make your current job work. Pinpoint
the problem, change your routine, take on more responsibility, or pursue an interest outside of work. Speak to your
supervisor about ways to add challenge to your current position.
If the issues can’t be resolved, then it may be time to look for a new job. This can be tricky if you are still employed. Do
your job search on your own time. Network with those you trust to be discreet, and set job search goals for yourself. If
possible, schedule interviews before or after work. Choose an employer that will help you achieve your career and
personal goals. When you find a new job, give your current employer ample notice that you are taking another position,
and don’t burn bridges.
Ques11.How your Inter personal skills will help you to achieve your goal?(DISTINCTION) Ans.
Personality Development – Written
Assignment
Interpersonal skills
• Interpersonal skills are communication and behavioral-based tools
that you use to effectively interact with others. Simply put,
interpersonal skills are the way you get along with people. These
skills can make or break your professional interactions.
How to Improve
Ques12.What sort of moral values you are lacking and how you can develop the same?
(DISTINCTION) Ans.
• Action. …
• Ambition. …
• Compassion. …
• Resilience. … •Risk. …
• Centeredness.