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A Study of Endoparasites of Pigeons in Mosul City

Article in Rafidain Journal of Science · January 2018

DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2018.141074

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 ------2018 ،81-76 ‫ ﺹ‬،1‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،27 ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬،‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‬------

‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

‫ﻨﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎل ﺤﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬/‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻱ‬ ‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ‬/‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻱ‬/‫ﻓﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻜﺭﺩﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

(2014/3/ 10 ‫ ؛ ﻗﹸﺒل‬2013/ 11 /24 ‫)ﺍﹸﺴﺘﻠﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤـﺼﻭل‬Columbi livia ‫ ﻁﻴﺭﺍ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ‬65 ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬2008 ‫ ﻭﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻭل‬2007 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺃﻴﻠﻭل‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
Heterakis gallinarum, ‫ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬% 47.7 ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟـﻲ‬Raillietina tetragona, R.echinobothridium ‫ ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴـﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬Ascaridia columae
‫ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟـﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨـﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺸﻤﻠـــﺕ‬Eimeria columbae, Cryptosporidium baileyi ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻴـﺔ‬
Haemoproteus columbae, Plasmodium gallinacium, Leucocytozoon marchouxi, Sarcocystis spp.
.٪41.9 ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻓﺎﻜﺜﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬

.‫ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬،‫ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
A Study of Endoparasites of Pigeons in Mosul City

Manal H. Hasan* Asmaa E. Al Abbadi Nawzad R. Abdul Ruhman

Department of Microbiology Department of Biology College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Education Girls University of Sulamania
University of Mosul University of Mosul District of Kurdstan
*E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to detect the internal parasites in 65 pigeons
(Columbi livia) obtained from different regions in Mosul City, from September 2007 to December
2008. The total rate of infection was 47.7%. These include different percentage of infection with
Nematodes (Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia columbae) from Cestodes (Raillietina
tetragona,R.echinobothridium).
The intestinal protozoa were (Eimeria columbae, Cryptosporidium baileyi). While tissue and
blood protozoa include (Haemoproteus columbae, Plasmodium gallinacium, Leucocytozoon
marchouxi, Sarcocystis spp.).
Mixed infection with three or more different species was the highest with the percentage of
41.9%.

Keywords: Endoparosites, Blood and tissue protozoa, Pigeons.

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 ‫ﻤﻨﺎل ﺤﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻋﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻭل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻬﺎل ﻭﻓﻘﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻬﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻴﻭﺭ )‪.(Ibrahim et al., 1995‬‬
‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻁﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺌﻕ )‪ .( Silveira and Pombos, 2006‬ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪Haemoproteus‬‬
‫‪ %57 columbae‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻨﻘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل )‪ .(Gicik and Arslan, 2001‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯﻴل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ‪ .(Marques et al., 2007) ٪74.14‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻨﺱ ﺍﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ‪Capillaria obsignata, Hadjelia truncata,‬‬
‫‪ Ascaridia columbae‬ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ٪23.2‬ﻭ ‪ ٪15.9‬ﻭ ‪ ٪8.4‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪ .(Ibrahim et al., 1995‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ )‪ (Bahrami et al., 2013‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪، Ascaridia colomae‬‬
‫‪ Syngamus ، Capillaria‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺔ ‪ Raillietina spp.‬ﻭﺍﻜﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (Al-Janabi et al., 1980‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪ Eimeria labbeana‬ﻭﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻨﺱ‪ Sarcocystis spp.‬ﻭﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ‪ Raillietina tetragona‬ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﺭﺘﺄﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺠﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 65‬ﻁﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺃﻴﻠﻭل ‪ 2007‬ﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻭل ‪ 2008‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﺘﻡ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺩﻡ ‪ :‬ﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺴﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺼﺒﻐﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﻜﻴﻤﺯﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺒﻴﻎ ﺒﺎﻷﻴﻭﺩﻴﻥ )‪(Baron et al.,1989‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻭ)‪ : (Coles, 1986; Urquhart et al., 2003‬ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﻭﺃﻜﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﺽ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻲ‬
‫ـﻴﺽ ﻁﻔﻴﻠـ‬
‫ـﺎﺱ ﺒـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺃﻜﻴـ‬
‫ـﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (Forbes et al.,2002‬ﻟﻠﻜ ـﺸﻑ ﻋـ‬
‫ـﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـ‬
‫ـﺼﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺤـ‬
‫ـﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻟـ‬
‫‪.Cryptosporidium‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ‪ :‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺫ ‪ 2‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺨﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﻡ ﻓﺤـﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﻤﻨﻅـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ (Shastri,1988) Trichinoscopy‬ﻭﺫﻟـــﻙ ﻟﻠﺘﺤـــﺭﻱ ﻋـــﻥ ﺃﻜﻴـــﺎﺱ ﻁﻔﻴﻠـــﻲ ‪Sarcocystis spp.‬‬
‫ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻷﻨــﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌــﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤــﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜــﺫﻟﻙ ﺘــﻡ ﻫــﻀﻡ ﺍﻷﻨــﺴﺠﺔ ﺒــﺎﻨﺯﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺒــﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺤــﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ‬
‫ﺫ ﻜﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (Collins et al., 1980‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﻟﻠﺘﺤـﺭﻱ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻴﻨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤـﺭﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻜﻴـﺎﺱ ﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ ‪Sarcocystis‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪Gardinar et al., 1988 ; Soulsby,1986; Levine, 1985‬‬
‫;‪.(Sloss, 1994‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‪..............‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻺﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ( ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪. (1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :1‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻑ ﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Ascaridia columbae‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Heterakis gallinarum‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Nematods‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Raillietina tetragona‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪R . echinobothridium‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Cestods‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Eimeria columbae‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Cryptosporidium baileyi‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Protozoa‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪Haemoproteus columbae‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪Plasmodium gallinacium‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪Leucocytozoon marchouxi‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪Sarcocystis spp .‬‬

‫ـﻭﺭ‬
‫ـﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻥ ﻋـ‬
‫ـﺭﺍ" ﻤﻔﺤﻭﺼـﺎ" ﻭﻜـ‬
‫ـﻭﻉ ‪ 65‬ﻁﻴـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﻤﺠﻤـ‬
‫ـﺎﺒﺔ ‪ ٪47.7‬ﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻟﻺﺼـ‬
‫ـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـ‬
‫ـﺕ ﺍﻟﻨـ‬
‫ـﺙ ﺒﻠﻐـ‬
‫ﺤﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪ 31‬ﻁﻴﺭﺍ" ﻭﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘـﺔ ﻟﻤـﺎ ﺫﻜـﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴـ‬
‫ـﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴـ‬
‫ـﻑ ﺃﻨـ‬
‫ـﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠـ‬
‫ـﺭﺽ ﻟﻺﺼـ‬
‫ـﺎﻡ ﻤﻌـ‬
‫ـﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـ‬
‫ـﺙ ﺃﻜـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺤﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﻤﻨـ‬
‫ـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓـ‬
‫ﺴـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻴــﺔ )‪ ; Ibrahim et al., 1995‬ﺯﻨﻜﻨــﺔ‪ ; 1982 ،‬ﻋﺎﺸــﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒــﺎﺩﻱ‪Marques et al., 2007 ; 2012 ،‬‬
‫;‪.(Al- Bayati, 2011‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ E. columbae‬ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ٪23.08‬ﻤـﻥ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﺍﻨـﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺠل ﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ‪ ٪19‬ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ Eimeria sp.‬ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺘﻬﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻹﺼـﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل )ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ .(2012 ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺴـﺠل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺎﻥ ) ‪Mahdi and Al-Rubaie,‬‬
‫‪ (2013‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩﻴﺎ ‪ .%35‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ‪ R.echinobothrida, Raillietina tetragona‬ﻭﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ‪ .٪1.54‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ) ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :2‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ ‪٪‬‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫‪4.62‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Ascaridia columbae‬‬
‫‪6.15‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Heterakis gallinarum‬‬
‫‪1.54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Raillietina tetragona‬‬
‫‪1.54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪R. echinobothridium‬‬
‫‪23.08‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Eimeria columbae‬‬
‫‪7.69‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Cryptosporidium baileyi‬‬
‫‪1.54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Haemoproteus columbae‬‬
‫‪4.62‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Plasmodium gallinacium‬‬
‫‪3.08‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Sarcocystis spp .‬‬
‫‪3.08‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Leucocytozoon marchouxi‬‬
 ‫ﻤﻨﺎل ﺤﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪79‬‬

‫ـﺎﺒﺔ ‪٪0.22‬‬
‫ـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼـ‬
‫ـﺠل ﻨـ‬
‫ـﺫﻱ ﺴـ‬
‫ـﺔ‪ (1982 ،‬ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ـﺙ )ﺯﻨﻜﻨـ‬
‫ـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـ‬
‫ـﻊ ﻨﺘـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘـ‬
‫ـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـ‬
‫ـﺕ ﻫـ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨـ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ R.tetragona‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﺘـﺴﺠﻴل ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﺎﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺴـﺠل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬
‫)‪ (Radfar et al., 2011‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ ٪46.55 R.echinobothrida‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻐﺫﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‪Sarcocystis Leucocytozoon marchouxi, Haemoproteus columbae, Plasmodium gallinacium,‬‬
‫‪ . spp,‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪3.08 ، ٪3.08 ،٪4.62 ، ٪ 1.54‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ (2‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻨﺨﻔـﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ )ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻴﺒﻲ‪ (2008 ،‬ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴـﺠل‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴـﺔ ‪ ،٪32.14‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐـﺕ ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ ‪ ،٪28.75 Plasmodium‬ﻭﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ‬
‫‪ ،٪10.7 Haemoproteus‬ﻭﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ .٪14.28 Leucocytozoon‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻴـﺭﺍﻥ ﺴـﺠﻠﺕ ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﺎﻡ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ‬
‫‪ ،(Radfar et al., 2011) ٪47.05 Haemoproteus columbae‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺭﻴﺴﻲ‪ (2010 ،‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ‪ ٪ 28.5‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻭﺼﺔ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘـﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻗﺩ ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬
‫)‪ Al-Janabi et al., 1980‬؛ ﺯﻨﻜﻨﺔ‪ 1982 ،‬؛ ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ (2012 ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ Leucocytozoon marchouxi‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻓـﻲ ﺘـﺴﺠﻴل ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ .‬ﻭﺴﺠل ﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ )‪ (Shamaun et al., 2007‬ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯ ﺒﻁﻔﻴﻠـﻲ‬
‫‪ Leucocytozoon simondi‬ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ٪22.85‬ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻨﻴﻨـﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺃﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﺨـﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫)ﺍﻻﻟﻭﺴﻲ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ (1994 ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ‪ Leucocytozoon smithi‬ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪14‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ ‪ blackflies‬ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻋﺎﺌﻠـﺔ‬
‫‪ Simuliidae‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺌﻕ )‪.( Soulsby, 1986‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺸـﻜل ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻁـﺔ ﺒـﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﺍﻻﺼـ‬
‫ـﺕ ﻓـ‬
‫ـﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻨـ‬
‫ـﻰ ﻨـ‬
‫ـﺕ ‪ ٪41.9‬ﻭﺃﺩﻨـ‬
‫ـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻐـ‬
‫ـﻰ ﻨـ‬
‫ـﺭ ﺃﻋﻠـ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴـ‬
‫ـﻭﺍﻉ ﻤـ‬
‫ﺃﻨـ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪) ٪25.8‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ : 3‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺎﺒﺔ ‪٪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬

‫‪32.3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫‪25.8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔ‬
‫‪41.9‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫‪47.7‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻴﺼﺎﺏ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
80 ..............‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺼﺭﺓ‬.(2010) ‫ ﺴﻬﻴﺭ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺩﺭﻴﺴﻲ‬
.040-35 ،(1)9 .‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬.(1994) ‫ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻌﺩﻭﻥ؛ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ؛ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻻﻟﻭﺴﻲ‬
.129-123 ،(3)7 .‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
.‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻟﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻨﻴﻨﻭﻯ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻴل ﻭﺩﻫﻭﻙ‬.(1982) ‫ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ﺯﻨﻜﻨﺔ‬
.‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬،‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬،‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺒـﺎﺭ‬.‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬.(2008) ‫ ﻤﻬﻨﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻴﺒﻲ‬
.292-288،(2) 6 ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬.‫ ﺒﻴﺭﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻥ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ‬.(2012) ‫ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬،‫ ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ؛ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬،‫ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ‬
.(3)6 .‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬،‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬

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