Reviewer Prelim

RED 104
SACRAMENTS AND LITURGY
Definition of Sacraments:
1. By St. Paul (Acts 9:1-18)
 The word Sacrament comes from the Latin word “Sacramentum” meaning mystery. This
term is being used by St. Paul to refer to God’s plan of always wanting to save, renew and
unite all things in Christ.
 Paul is referring to the sacrament of BAPTISM.
2. By St. Augustine
 Sacrament is a Sign of a Sacred Reality. The sign points to the deeper reality of the
spiritual world, a world of friendship with God be realized.
 He is referring to the sacrament of PENANCE.
3. By St. Thomas Aquinas
 Sacrament is an Efficacious Symbol. It is one that effects what is symbolizes and
symbolizes what it effects. It is a special sign that brings about what it symbolizes and
symbolizes what it brings about.
 He is referring to the sacrament of HOLY EUCHARIST.
JESUS CHRIST: the first SACRAMENT
1. He is the mystery of God’s love for mankind
2. This loving kindness was made visible in Jesus is the great sign of God in our midst.
(Emmanuel – God is with us)
 is the symbol of God’s total love for us - Jesus is the great sacrament, the
prime or first sacrament
 In Him God became visible – available to us.
3. Jesus is an “Efficacious Sign”
 His passion, death, resurrection and glorification point to a reality that sin and death
have been conquered, that eternal life with the Father is a reality. Because Jesus is a
sacrament, He does not only point to these realities, He makes them possible to us to
achieve today.
4. The cured leper, Jesus touch was a sacrament, a visible sign of God’s loving action. (Mt. 8:1-
3)
 Jesus’ kind glances and reasoning touches and life-giving words are signs of the
father’s love and concern. (Mt. 9:18-25; Mt. 9:27-30; Mt. 9:1-7; Mt. 8:5-8,13)
 This same Jesus is present today in the seven sacraments. He comes to us in the
visible sign of:
 -Words -Bread and Wine -Water and Oil
 He comes to us and takes us to His Loving Father.
OTHER DEFINITION OF SACRAMENT
Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give us grace.
1. A sacrament is a sign
 A sacrament is a special visible sign that puts into contact with our Lord. The sacraments
are particular signs that represent particular actions and values of Jesus.
Action – The Eucharist is a symbolic re-enactment of the last supper.
- The immersion in water, baptism represents conversion and death to sin.
Values:
1
Forgiveness Sacrament of Penance
Unity in the community Sacrament of Holy Eucharist
Healing Sacrament of Holy Anointing
2. A sacrament was instituted by Christ

 The sacraments are ultimately traceable to Jesus. Jesus often came to people at the time
of their greatest needs.
when people were sick Mt. 12:9-13
When they needed forgiveness Lk.19:1-10
When they were beginning married life Jn. 2:1-11
3. A sacrament gives grace

 Grace is the gift of God’s friendship for us. Grace is the story of God’s constant love for
us. Grace is God’s free invitation to us to live in union with Him.
WHAT DO SACRAMENTS DO?

1. The seven sacraments commemorate what happened in the past. They re-enact in symbol
the actions and values of Jesus. They recapture His message of conversion, forgiveness,
love and unity.
2. The seven sacraments demonstrate in the present that Jesus Christ lives. The sacraments
bring about an actual meeting with Jesus through signs.
3. The seven sacraments prefigure our glorious future with Christ at the end of time.
The Seven Sacraments-Life Events-Values Of Jesus

SACRAMENTS LIFE EVENTS VALUES OF JESUS
1. Baptism Birth Conversion, accepting the
Good News
2. Confirmation Growth Strength of the Spirit to live a
committed Christian life of
service.
3. Holy Eucharist Daily life together, meal Strength of unity to live a life
of love
4.Reconciliation/Penance/ Sin and guilt Forgiveness and reunion with
Confession the community
5.Anointing/Extreme Unction Sickness and Death Healing and strength to
endure
6. Holy Orders/Priesthood Service, vocation Ministry of love to God’s
people
7. Marriage/Matrimony Family Life, Vocation Ministry of love to spouse
and children
Effects of the Sacraments:

1. To draw us into a closer relationship to the Church, and thereby to relationship to Christ
Himself, in the Spirit, and to the Father.
2. To gradually transform us into Christ’s way of thinking, Christ’s way of acting, Christ’s way
of praying and loving, forgiving and serving.
2
SUMMARY
Note: The sacraments can effect this only if celebrated in FAITH, because without faith, no
saving personal relationship can be established or strengthened.
Therefore: A SACRAMENT is a saving symbolic act, arising from the ministry of Christ and
continued in, by and for the Church, which, when celebrated in faith, draw us into likeness to
Christ in His Paschal Mystery, through the power of the Holy Spirit.
SACRAMENTALS AND FILIPINO RELIGIOSITY

Sacramentals:
 are objects, practices and the like that help us become aware of Christ’s grace-filled
presence around us.
 They help us receive the sacraments with greater fruits and render holy various occasions
in life.
 are sacred signs/symbols which signify some spiritual effects which are realized through
the action of the Church.
 they differ from the seven sacraments in that they are not “instituted by Christ’, but by
the Church, which uses them to sanctify everyday life.
SACRAMENTALS Which Are Very POPULAR Among Filipinos, Who Eagerly Make use
of:
1. Blessings
Ex: Home, cars, buildings
2. Actions
Ex: kneeling down, bowing, making sign of the cross
3. Words
Ex: Grace before meals, Indulgence novena prayers, pious invocations, litanies
4. Objects
Ex: Ashes, palms, candles, crucifixes, rosaries, scapulars, statues
LITURGY
 is the exercise of the priesthood of Jesus Christ, the whole Christ, which is the Church in
union with her head.
 It means that the liturgy is the work of the entire Church as sharing in the priesthood of
Christ.
 Therefore, it is not only Christ who offers, and not only the ordained priest, but all the
faithful together.
Now, if the liturgy is the exercise of the priesthood of Jesus Christ, then He must be present
in liturgical celebrations:
1. He is present in the sacrifice of the mass
2. He is present in his ministries
3. By the Eucharistic species
4. By His power, He is present in the sacraments, so that, when a man baptizes, it is really
Christ who baptizes.
5. He is present in His word, since it is He Himself who speaks when the Holy Scripture is
read in the Church.
3
6. He is present finally when the Church prays and sings, for He promised, “where two or
three are gathered in my name, there I am in the midst of them”. (Mt. 18:20)
Therefore: We are supposed to take part actively in liturgical celebrations.

Here we are faced by the danger of mere FORMALISM.
Liturgical celebrations can easily become:
1. Empty
2. Mechanical
3. Something merely external
4. Something of a merely aesthetic or psychological interest that “turns us on”.
What then are we doing in Liturgical celebrations?
 Liturgy is the objective enactment over time and space, of a real event.
 It is a sacred ritual in which the sacrifice of Our Lord Jesus Christ, and together with His
paschal mystery, all the mysteries of the life and the work of Jesus Christ, as continued in
the Church, are made present and thus accessible to us.
CONTENTS OF THE LITURGY
1. The sacrifice of the mass as its core
2. The sacraments
3. The ecclesiastical year (seasons of the year)
4. The liturgy of the hours
NATURE OF THE LITURGY
1. Liturgy used to bring to mind what the priest does around the altar in ceremonial
worship.
 But now we realize that in the early Church, liturgy meant everything that all Christians
did in taking part in “God’s work” the divine plan to sum up all things to Christ. Jn. 17:4;
Eph. 1:10)
 This included not only the divine worship, but proclamation of the Gospel (Rm. 15:16)
and service of one’s neighbor (2Cor 9:12).
 Although liturgy today designates more properly the “official public worship of the
Church”, they confirm PCP II’s stress on full, active participation of the whole people of
God – everyone – and the essential inner connection of the liturgy with social action.
(Doing something good for neighbor)
2. The center of the Church’s liturgy is the EUCHARIST which commemorates the Paschal
Mystery of our Lord Jesus Christ – His passion, death, resurrection, ascension and the
descending of the Holy Spirit. Through this mystery the power of God’s salvific love is offered
to us.
 Since this salvation touches all of creation in its entirety, liturgy in its broadest sense, is
the proclamation, manifestation, and celebration not only of Christ and His Paschal
Mystery, but also of the Church’s own mystery and mission as universal sacrament of
salvation, and the whole world and the temporal order, consecrated and ordered to its
creator and final goal.
 Since this salvation touches all of creation in its entirety, the Church’s own mystery and
mission as universal sacrament of salvation, is to save and liberate the people from being
poor.
4
 Since this salvation touches all of creation in its entirety, the Church’s own mystery and
mission as universal sacrament of salvation, is to save and liberate the people from
oppression.
3. For the ordinary Filipino Catholic, liturgy means the yearly cycle of liturgical seasons
 like Advent, Lent, Holy Week, Easter Time and in celebrating feast days like Christmas,
Sto, Nino, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Palm Sunday, Easter, Pentecost, the
Immaculate Conception, etc.
 But what needs to be improved is the basic understanding of the essentials of Catholic
liturgical worship.
 But what needs to be improved is the basic understanding of the purpose of going to
liturgical celebration:
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF THE LITURGY

1. Trinitarian and Paschal
 The Church’s liturgical prayer is directed to the Father, through His Son, Jesus Christ, in
the Holy Spirit. The liturgy is a celebration of the Good News of our ACTUAL salvation
worked by the Blessed Trinity through Jesus Christ’s Paschal Mystery. (Suffering, death
and resurrection)
2. Ecclesial
 The liturgy is the prayer of the Church gathered in assembly, an ecclesial activity,
celebrated by the whole Christ, head and members. It is essentially an activity of the
community, a gathering together in an ordered assembly and communion of the baptized.
Thus the power of salvation is mediated through various relationships within the Church.
3. Sacramental
 Liturgy is celebrated through a pattern of symbolic, ritual movements, gesture and verbal
postulates.
 By participating in liturgy’s sacramental, symbolic activities, the church’s members both
express their faith in Christ and their desire to deepen it, and actually share in the reality
signified, namely, salvation through forgiveness and communion with risen, glorified
Christ in the Spirit.
SYMBOLS USED IN THE LITURGY
1. Gathering of the baptized assembly itself
2. The natural symbols from creation
 Ex: light, darkness, water, oil, fire, etc.
3. Humanly produced symbols
 Ex: bread and wine
4. Christian salvific symbols
 Ex: reading and interpretation of the Scripture, sign of the cross, Paschal candle,
laying on of hands, etc.
5
5. Persons
 They express the personal mystery of God’s love manifest in Christ’s Paschal
Mystery.
CONCLUSION
SACRAMENTS:
1. Signs of Faith
 In so far as they express and proclaim belief in the unseen reality of God.
2. Acts of Worship
 In so far as they draw us ritually into Christ’s Paschal worship of the Father.
3. Signs of Unity of the Church
 In so far as also who participate in them share a common faith and enjoy a common
fellowship.
4. Signs of Christ’s Presence
 In so far as the Incarnate Word is not confined by time and space but is made
available here and now, as He is, the risen Christ.
Review also:
1. The three persons who their ideas on the sacraments
2. The seven sacraments
3. Sacramentals which are very popular among Filipinos
4. Symbols used in the Liturgyv

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RED 104

SACRAMENTS AND LITURGY

2. A sacrament was instituted by Christ

3. A sacrament gives grace

WHAT DO SACRAMENTS DO?

The Seven Sacraments-Life Events-Values Of Jesus

Effects of the Sacraments:

SACRAMENTALS AND FILIPINO RELIGIOSITY

Therefore: We are supposed to take part actively in liturgical celebrations.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF THE LITURGY

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