MIDTERM

TOPIC
POSITIONS AND LOCATIONS
 POSITIONS AND LOCATIONS

◦ TO EXPRESS POSITIONS AND LOCATIONS IN NIHONGO ONE MAY

UTILIZE NOUN SENTENCES AND THE MOST COMMONLY USE
IMASU AND ARIMASU EXISTENCE

BUT FIRST YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO ASK QUESTIONS FOR

DIRECTIONS AND POSITIONS.
Useful terms for positions
Chikaku nearby Tonari next to
kado corner hen side
Naka inside sotto outside
Ura/ ushiro reverse/other side/back Mae infront
aida in between( OBJECT REFERENCE _to_)
ue top shita underneath
migi right hidari left
kita north minami south
higashi east nishi west
If you are looking for object, things and person you may use the noun pattern:
Where is……. = ……wa doko desu ka. Rei : Where is my book ? Watashino hon wa doko desu ka.
Who is that person ….. = sono hito(person) onna/ josei (woman)/ otoko (man) depending on position donata/dare desu
ka. …… Nan desu ka. What is that thing under the chair? SORE no ISU NO shita wa nan desu ka
Rei: Sono onna no tonari wa donata desu ka. = that woman next to you who is she?
To respond to questions 1 you may use the pattern to describe positions and locations of objects, things and person.

(object being located) WA (reference object no position) -de-

nimotsu wa teberu no tonari deshita. past (+)
nimotsu wa heya no sotto dewa arimasendeshita
.(tense/mood of the sentence NOUN FORM

DO YOU HAVE A BOOK- IS THERE A BOOK = hai watashi wa HON GA ARIMASU.,

Rei: arimasu / imasu
DO YOU HAVE A ROOM ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE? ANATA WA HEYA
GA UCHI NO KITA HEN NI ARIMASU KA=HAI HEYA GA ARIMASU. UCHI NO KITA
HEN NI HEYA GA ARIMASU. HEYA WA UCHI NO KITA HEN DESU
I have a room on the north side of the house.= Watashi wa heya ga uchi no kitahen ni arimasu.
heya ga Uchi no kita hen ni arimasu
THERE IS A ROOM ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE.
◦ There is a book on the right side of the table.
◦ on the north side of the house I have a room=
◦ uchi no kita hen ni WATASHI WA HEYA GA arimasu.
(OWNER/SPEAKER )WA ( REFERENCE OBJECT NO POSITION
NI (OBJECT THAT EXIST ) GA ARIMASU/imasu.
◦ I HAVE A room is in the northside of the house.-
◦ WATASHINO heya wa uchi no kita hen desu.
 - de- for nouns and Na adjectives MOOD
Is/are = desu is not/ are not = dewa/ja arimasen
Was/ were= deshita was not/were not= dewa/ja arimasendeshita
JISHO Verbs- INFINITIVE/NON PAST/ PRESENT TENSE ABRUPT
ARU= TO EXIST (i)masu, (i)mashita. (I)masen , (i)masen deshita
Arimasu/imasu Present + There is a cat inside the room= neko ga heya no naka ni imasu.
I HAVE A CAT INSIDE THE ROOM WATASHI WA NEKO GA HEYA NO NAKA NI
IMASU AGGLUTINATION
Arimasen/Imasen=Present –
rimashita/Imashita= Past +
ARIMAsendeshita/Imasen deshita=Past negative form
 VERB PATTERN OR BUNKEI
Have/has/ had AND IT’S NEGATIVE FORM
1. OWNER/SPEAKER )WA (OBJECT THAT EXIST) GA
(REFERENCE OBJECT NO POSITION NI)
ARIMASU/IMASU. watashi wa nimotsu ga teberu no
tonari ni arimasu
There is/was/were (2. REFERENCE OBJECT) NO
( POSITION NI) (OBJECT THAT EXIST ) GA
IMASU/ARIMASU nimotsu ga teberu no tonari ni arimasu

* GA CANNOT BE AHEAD OF WA PARTICLE.

◦ Try this
aj

Ask and Locate the following objects from the picture: Use nos 1-6 for desu with position words. Choose only 3 items for each.

Desu form group position term

1. Telephone - denwa ue

2. Light/lampshade- akari / rampu aida

3. Magazine – zasshi shita

4. Newspaper- Shimbun tonari

5. Books- hon migi hen

6. Computer- kompyuta hidari hen

Desu Group

1. Window- mado nishi hen

2. Radio – toranjisutario chikaku

3. Luggage- nimotsu tonari

4. Pen inside the 1st drawer – impetsu- ichiban me hikidashi naka

5. Money top drawer left – okane (ichiban no hidari hikidashi) ue

6. Book in Nihongo last drawer left(sanban no hidari hikidashi ) naka { Nihongo hon } GROUP 6

7. Cell phone= ketai second drawer right – (niban nomigi hikidashi) shita

8. ROOM HIGASHI HEN (EAST SIDE) GROUP ( )

◦ PICTURE 2
1. TEREBI( TV) MAE
2. HANA (FLOWER) UE
3. KODOMO (CHILD) SOTTO
4. IMA (SALA)- ura
5. DAIDOKORO (SINK) TONARI
6. OTOUSAN CHIKAKU
7. SHIMBUN (NEWSPAPER) MAE
8. NIWA (GARDEN) HIGASHI HEN
9. BORU (BALL) AIDA
10. OKASAN NAKA
EXPRESSING LOCATION OF THINGS AND PERSON USING IMASU (for
living)/ARIMASU (non living) EXISTENCE OF THINGS AND PERSONS
- To talk about existence, regardless of whether what or where it exists use the verb imasu for movable and arimasu for non movable. In
any case it is marked by the particle ga and it’s location by the particle ni.

In sentence that expresses something exist AR= (i)MASU

:A is the subject and is marked by the particle “ga” Y is the position /location marked by particle ni

Rei: Okii tatemono ga arimasu= There is a big building Asoko ni NEKO ga imasu. = There is a cat overthere

The location of existence is marked b y the particle ni in the sentence, then order of the location noun does not matter. YOU have
YOUR MAGAZINE UNDER THE NEWSPAPER.
S wa A ga Y ni imasu/ arimasu or ( S wa) Y ni A (S WA) ga imasu/ arimasu.
As for Y position can take the noun form as follows: Y( B reference object no position ni)

There is book under that magazine over there = Hon ga ano zasshi no shita ni arimasu./

Ano zasshi no shita ni hon ga arimasu

How do you ask: what is this place?
a. Catch the attention- (Excuse me) Sumimasen with a bow
b. Ask where or direction- Place wa Doko/Dochira desu ka.
c. Ask them to repeat something- Sumimasen mo ichi do itte
kudasai.
d. Ask them for confirmation – repeat what they had said with
confirmatory reply- Asoko/achira , for place and things not visible to both person.
Soko/sochira for visible locations.
e. say thank you with a bow. Doumo arigato gozaimashita
◦ what is this place?
◦ koko ni nan desu ka.
◦ place ni /wa doko desu ka
◦ place wa dochra desu ka
Exact location;
◦ Tonari- next to
◦ Chikaku- near to
◦ Ichiban chikai- the nearest
◦ niban me/ sanban mae- counters for order
◦ Mukaigawa- opposite side
◦ Mae – infront of
◦ Ura/Ushiro – at the back of
◦ Hidarigawa- left-hand side
◦ Migigawa- right hand side
◦ ….tonari - next to the
◦ TSUGI- NEXT
◦ IN ORDER FOR YOU TO FIND AN OBJECT, DIRECTIONS OR THINGS YOU NEED
TO LEARN HOW TO ASK QUESTION.
◦ AND TO UNDERSTAND THE REPLY TO THE QUESTIONS FOR YOU TO GET
THERE OR GET WHAT YOURE LOOKING FOR.
◦ DOKO- WHERE DOCHIRA- WHICH WAY
This is the sentence order:
THIS PLACE WHAT IS IT? WHAT IS THIS PLACE?= KOKO NI NAN DESU KA
Place wa Doko desu ka/DOKO NI- For locations
Place wa Dochira desu ka- For directions
◦ To go straight on:
……….itte kudasai- (please) go Itte kudasai TE KUDASAI (POLITE
REQUEST) ITTE KUDASAI
IKU
Massugu- straight on chotto MASSUGU ITTE KUDASAI

Chotto- a little way (adVeRB)

KOSATEN O Massugu itte kudasai- please go straight on the crossroad

Chotto itte kudasai- please go a little way

kosaten Zenshin shite (SURU) kudasai- please go forward

General rules on verbs in nihongo
◦all verbs in Nihongo ends in “U”; no singular or plural form
of verbs; no gender
◦In case you are to use more than one verb in a sentence
ONLY THE END VERB IS AGGLUTINATED IN
POLITE FORM, THE REST ARE IN ABRUPT ;
◦IF ACTIONS ARE DONE IN SUCCESSION VERBS
WILL HAVE TO BE AGGLUTINATED IN THE TE
FORM AND THE END VERB IN POLITE FORM
EXAMPLE: I EAT BREAD, DRINK COFFEE THEN I GO TO
SCHOOL
WATASHI WA PAN O TABETE, KOHI O NONDE , GAKKO E
IKIMASU. PRESENT TENSE (+)

JISHO= PLAIN ABRUPT FORM

GET THE STEM WORD/ ROOT WORD
 STEPS IN VERB AGGLUTINATION
JISHO= DICTIONARY/ PLAIN/ABRUPT PRESENT MOOD
-GET THE STEM WORD= IDENTIFY THE VERBS- REGULAR
>IRREGULAR VERBS= SURU KURU( AS TO STEM WORD)
> REGULAR VERBS= “U” DROPPING
“RU” DROPPING = IRU/ ERU
KAKITAI DESU= WANTS TO WRITE KIRU KIITE
KUDASAI= PLS LISTEN
IKITE KUDASAI = ITTE KUDASAI AGERU
MORAU
-masu- form/ suffixes for verbs
pr += (i)masu, pr (-)=(i)masen p(+)= (i)mashita p(-)= (i)masen
deshita PLAN= ABRUPT+YOTEI DESU PRPROGRESSIVE= (I)TE
IMASU
polite request= (i)te kudasai; desiderative= (i)tai desu; let us= (i)masho
kakimasu. kakimasen kakimashita, kakitai desu, kakimasho
ik= ikite kudasai= itte kudasai
kiku= kikite= kiite kudasai
magaru= magarite= magatte
To turn: magatte kudasai MAGATTE KUDASAI
…. Magatte kudasai- (please) turn…. MAGATTE
Migi- right
Hidari – left
ICHIBAN ME SHINGO o MIGI ni MAGATTE KUDASAI
Orientation points:
shingo - traffic lights
Kosaten - crossroads
Kado - corner
Michi- road
◦ Nikuya, dochira desu ka.
◦ Nikuya wa shingo o migi hen NI massugu itte kudasai.