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    Ch.3 - RotationRigidBody

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    Phương Trâm Trần
    The document provides information on various rotational kinematic and dynamic concepts: 1) It defines rotational kinematic formulas that are analogous to linear kinematic formulas but with angular variables like angular displacement (Δθ) and angular velocity (ω) instead of linear variables. 2) It discusses concepts like torque, rotational inertia, angular acceleration, rotational kinetic energy, and angular momentum. Key relationships presented include torque equals rotational inertia times angular acceleration, and angular momentum is conserved in the absence of external torque. 3) Examples of problems are given that apply these rotational concepts, such as calculating angular acceleration given torque and rotational inertia, or determining which of two cylinders will reach the bottom of a hill first based on how their

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    Ch.3 - RotationRigidBody

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    Phương Trâm Trần
    9 views9 pages
    The document provides information on various rotational kinematic and dynamic concepts: 1) It defines rotational kinematic formulas that are analogous to linear kinematic formulas but with angular variables like angular displacement (Δθ) and angular velocity (ω) instead of linear variables. 2) It discusses concepts like torque, rotational inertia, angular acceleration, rotational kinetic energy, and angular momentum. Key relationships presented include torque equals rotational inertia times angular acceleration, and angular momentum is conserved in the absence of external torque. 3) Examples of problems are given that apply these rotational concepts, such as calculating angular acceleration given torque and rotational inertia, or determining which of two cylinders will reach the bottom of a hill first based on how their

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    Ch.3 _RotationRigidBody

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    The document provides information on various rotational kinematic and dynamic concepts: 1) It defines rotational kinematic formulas that are analogous to linear kinematic formulas but with angular variables like angular displacement (Δθ) and angular velocity (ω) instead of linear variables. 2) It discusses concepts like torque, rotational inertia, angular acceleration, rotational kinetic energy, and angular momentum. Key relationships presented include torque equals rotational inertia times angular acceleration, and angular momentum is conserved in the absence of external torque. 3) Examples of problems are given that apply these rotational concepts, such as calculating angular acceleration given torque and rotational inertia, or determining which of two cylinders will reach the bottom of a hill first based on how their

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views9 pages

    Ch.3 - RotationRigidBody

    Uploaded by

    Phương Trâm Trần
    The document provides information on various rotational kinematic and dynamic concepts: 1) It defines rotational kinematic formulas that are analogous to linear kinematic formulas but with angular variables like angular displacement (Δθ) and angular velocity (ω) instead of linear variables. 2) It discusses concepts like torque, rotational inertia, angular acceleration, rotational kinetic energy, and angular momentum. Key relationships presented include torque equals rotational inertia times angular acceleration, and angular momentum is conserved in the absence of external torque. 3) Examples of problems are given that apply these rotational concepts, such as calculating angular acceleration given torque and rotational inertia, or determining which of two cylinders will reach the bottom of a hill first based on how their

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    1

    ❑ Rotational Kinematic
    The rotational kinematic formulas are the same formulas we had for linear variables (∆𝒙, 𝒗𝒊 , 𝒗𝒋 , 𝒂, 𝒕)
    but replaced with their angular counterparts (∆𝜽, 𝝎𝒊 , 𝝎𝒋 , 𝜶, 𝒕).

    Only true if 𝜶 constant

    1. 𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔𝑖 + 𝛼𝑡
    1
    2. ∆𝜃 = 𝜔𝑖 𝑡 + 2 𝛼𝑡 2
    3. 𝜔𝑓2 = 𝜔𝑖2 + 2𝛼∆𝜃

    𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏 : speed up or slow


    down
    𝒂𝒄 : changes direction

    Question: An object is rotating in a circle at a constant rate. Which best describes the accelerations of
    the object? (in terms of Angular acc, tangential acc, and centripetal acc).

    2
    ❑ Torque 𝝉 S.I. Unit: N×m Vector? Yes
    Force is what causes acceleration. Torque is what causes angular acceleration

    𝜏 = 𝑟𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

    Conditions for equilibrium:


    “Translational” equilibrium: σ 𝐹Ԧ = 0
    “Rotational” equilibrium: σ 𝜏Ԧ = 0

    Question: Different forces are applied to a rod which can rotate about an axis at its end. How large
    would the force F have to be in order for the rod to be in rotational equilibrium?
    Answer: 6 N 3
    ❑ Rotational Inertia I S.I. Unit: kg×m2 Vector? No
    1. An object with larger Rotational inertia will be hard to get rotating, and harder to stop rotating.
    2. Rotational inertia is also called “Moment of inertia”.
    3. An object will have a larger rotational inertia if its mass is distributed far from the axis.
    4. An object will have a smaller rotational inertia if its mass is distributed close from the axis.

    Question: Two cylinders are allowed to roll without slipping down a hill from rest. The mass of cylinder A is
    distributed evenly throughout the cylinder. Cylinder B is made from a more dense material and has a hollow center
    with the mass surrounding the central axis as seen in the diagram below. The masses and radii of each cylinder are the
    same. Which cylinder will reach the bottom of the hill first? 4
    ❑ Angular version of Newton’s Second Law

    1. The angular version of Newton’s Second Law says that the angular acceleration is proportional to the
    net torque, and inversely proportional to the rotational inertia.

    σ𝜏
    𝛼=
    𝐼

    Warning: Torque is a vector, so it can be positive (CCW) or negative (CW)

    I
    Question: The rod shown below has a rotational inertia of 2 kg×m2 and the forces acting on it as
    shown. What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the rod?
    alpha
    Answer: 0.5 rad/s2
    5
    ❑ Rotational Kinetic Energy S.I. Unit: kg×m2/s2 Vector? No
    1. If an object is rotating, it has rotational kinetic energy.

    2. If the center of mass of the object is moving, and the object is rotating, it will have regular
    translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.

    Question: A constant torque is exerted on a cylinder that is initially at rest which can rotate about an axis
    through its center. Which curve best gives the rotational kinetic energy of the cylinder as a function of time?

    6
    ❑ Angular Momentum S.I. Unit: kg×m2/s Vector? Yes

    1. Angular momentum is conserved if there is no external torque.

    2. Even a point mass moving in a straight line can have angular momentum (since if it hits something it can cause that thing to
    start rotating).

    Rigid body Point mass

    𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔
    𝐿 = 𝑚𝑣 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑣(𝑅)
    L = angular momentum L = angular momentum
    I = rotational inertia m = mass moving with speed v
    ꞷ = angular velocity v = velocity of the mass
    r = distance from the axis to the mass m
    θ = angle between r and the velocity of the mass
    7
    R = point of closest approach, which is equal to rsinθ
    ❑ Angular Momentum

    Question: A clay sphere of mass M is heading toward a rod of mass 3M and length L with a speed v. The rod
    is free to rotate about an axis at its end. If the clay sticks to the end of the rod, what is the angular velocity of
    the rod after the clay sticks to rod?

    Answer: v/2L

    8
    9

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