Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    Circular Motion (Topic 6)

    Uploaded by

    ya ya
    circular motion notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Circular Motion (Topic 6)

    Uploaded by

    ya ya
    7 views3 pages
    circular motion notes

    Original Title

    Circular motion (topic 6)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    circular motion notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    Circular Motion (Topic 6)

    Uploaded by

    ya ya
    circular motion notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Downloaded from www.clastify.

    com by Elena Thia

    Circular motion:
    • In circular motion the speed is constant but the velocity isn't (direction is changing all
    the time)
    • Whenever velocity changes (even if only the direction changes) the object accelerates
    • Angular displacement - angle moved around the circle from where its circular motion
    starts.
    • Unlike linear displacement, angular displacement is not a vector
    !"#$%!& ()*+%!,-.-"/
    • Angular speed = /).- 01& /2- !"#$%!& ()*+%!,-.-"/ /1 /!3- +%!,-
    • Period - time take for an object to go around the circle once
    • Frequency - amount of times an objects goes around in a circle in unit time

    Centripetal acceleration:
    • Newtons first law tells us that, for any object in which the direction of motion or the
    speed is changing, there must be an external force acting on it.
    • In circular motion the direction is constantly changing so there must be a force acting
    on it.

    om
    • Centripetal acceleration is at 90 degrees to the velocity vector and points inwards to

    .c
    the center of the circle
    ok
    • The force that acts to keep the object moving in a circle is called the centripetal force
    tlo
    and it leads to centripetal acceleration.
    ou

    • SEE TEXTBOOK FOR BETTER EXPLANATION


    Centripetal force:
    @

    • The question we need to ask is: what force provides the centripetal force for that
    ia
    th

    situation?
    a.

    • The direction of this force must be from the object towards the center of the circle.
    en

    Centripetal accelerations and forces in actions:


    el

    • SEE TEXTBOOK
    Moving in a vertical circle:
    ify

    • Imagine a sphere attached to a string rotating in the vertical plane


    st

    • When the sphere is at the highest point the tension in the string and gravity both act
    a
    Cl

    downwards and combine to provide the centripetal force. This means that the tension
    in the string required is less than at other positions.
    • When the sphere is at the lowest point the tension in the string must overcome the
    weight as well as provide the centripetal force. This means that the tension in the
    string is more than at other positions.
    • Speed changes:
    o Not all circular motion in a vertical circle is at constant speed.
    o As a mass moves upwards kinetic energy is transferred into gravitational
    potential energy (if there is nothing to keep it moving at constant speed)

    Newton’s law of gravitation:


    Gravitational field strength:
    • Gravity acts at a distance and is an example of a force that has an associated force
    field.
    Downloaded from www.clastify.com by Elena Thia

    • If both masses are small the force of gravity is extremely weak, it becomes noticeable
    when the objects are of planet size.
    • Gravitational forces are the weakest of all the forces and therefore require large
    amounts of mass for the force to be felt.
    • Strength of a gravitational field is defines using the idea of a small test mass. This test
    mass has to be way smaller than mass which produces the gravitational field being

    om
    measured, so that it doesn't disturb the field. The gravitational force that acts on the

    .c
    test mass has both magnitude and direction.
    • 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h = ok
    01&,- +&1($,-( CD 0)-%( 1" .!**
    , units are N/kg,
    tlo
    .!**
    gravitational field strenght is a vector and its direction is the same as the direction of
    ou

    the force produced by the field.


    @

    • Gravitational field strength at a point is the force per unit mass experienced by a
    ia

    small point mass placed at that point.


    th

    • This definition requires that the test mass is not only very small but also a small point
    a.

    in space.
    en

    • What happens when we have more than one mass (excluding the test mass):
    el

    o Field strength is independent of the magnitude of the point test mass (it is the
    ify

    force per unit of mass).


    o This means that the vector field strengths can be added together
    a st
    Cl

    o The red line is the resultant gravitational field strength


    Gravitational field strength and the acceleration due to gravity:
    Downloaded from www.clastify.com by Elena Thia

    • Acceleration due to gravity === gravitational field strength


    • The magnitude of the gravitational field strength is equal to the value of the
    acceleration due to gravity.
    • Even thought the unit for those two seem different they are the same - N/kg is the
    same as m/s^2
    Newton's law of gravitation:
    • Newton realized that the gravitational fore between two objects with masses M and m
    whose centers are separated by distance r is:
    o Always attractive
    o Proportional to 1/r^2
    o Proportional to M and m
    Orbits and gravity:
    • The gravitational force of a planet provides the centripetal force to keep a satellite in
    orbit.
    .E F GH.
    • The gravitational attraction force provides the centripetal force = &^J where m is
    &
    the mass of the orbit, M is the mass of the earth, r is the distance from the satelite to

    om
    the center of earth, v is the linear speed of the satelite, G is the gravitational constant.

    .c
    • All satellites orbiting earth have the same speeds, no matter what their mass is.
    Keppler's third law:
    ok
    tlo
    • It relates the period of an orbit to the radius of an orbit, if the orbit is circular, and to
    the semimajor axis if the orbit is elliptical.
    ou

    • For the exam we have to know how to derive it


    @

    • GmM/r2 = mv2/r (from formula booklet)


    ia

    • Cancelling the m's and a factor of r gives: GM/r = v2


    th

    • We can bring in the period using: v = 2πr / T


    a.

    • This gives GM/r = 4π2r2/T2


    en

    • Re-arranging gives: Kepler's Third Law: T2= (4π2/GM) r3


    el
    ify
    a st
    Cl

    You might also like