GROUP

GROUP
11
 MEMBERS
ABDURAJAK, FHARHANA A.
ALFECHE, NYLAND G.
ASANI, MARICOR M.
BAGALANON, JANNA MARIZ T.
BALAHIM, JAIMA S.
BANTILAN, MEAHANSHERA H.
BEJERANO, WEERA N.
 PED 109
The Teacher and the
Community, School
Culture and
Organizational Leadership
 THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
THEORIES OF EDUCATION
EDUCATION AND SOCIETY

Education and Society 3 Social Science Theories

Education and schooling are found within Three Social Science Theories
the context of society. • School
Society and schools are interdependent • Philippine society
and provide bi-directional influence to • International community
each other.
Sociology as a science provides theories,
concepts and principles that help us better
understand theories and principles that
help shape and guide education.
 CONSENSUS THEORY
DEFINITION THEORY
Consensus is defined as the Consensus theory, the emphasis is
widespread agreement among all in social order, stability or social
members of a particular society. regulation.
Consensus theories view shared
norms and values as fundamental
to society.
 CONFLICT THEORY
DEFINITION THEORY
Conflict is a disagreement or clash between
opposing ideas, principles or people that may be Conflict theory is on the
covert or overt. Conflict theories emphasize emergence of conflict and what
the dominance of some social groups over causes it. The theory emerges out
others.
Horton and Hunt (1984 in vega, et al. 2015),
of the incompatible aspects of
argued that the focus of the conflict theory is human society; it's conflicts, crisis
the heterogeneous nature of society and the and social change.
disparity, inequality in the distribution of political
and social power.
 SCHOOL
THREE
SOCIAL PHILIPPINE SOCIETY
THEORIES
INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY
 SCHOOL

The school through its curriculum trains and

develops students into a set of relevant
knowledge, skills, values
and attitudes
PHILIPPINE
SOCIETY
The country participates, adapts and
contributes to the global change by
sending or allowing its people free
movement/ access to social-economic
cultural changes.
INTERNATIONAL
COMNUNITY
 STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

Definition
-Structural Functionalism states that society is made up
of various institutions that work together in cooperation.
Institutions are viewed as Action Systems.
4 TALCOTT 1.ADAPTATION
PARSONS’
STRUCTURAL 2.GOAL
FUNCTIONALISM ATTAINMENT
THAT INCLUDES
IMPERATIVES FOR 3. INTEGRATION
ALL ACTION
SYSTEMS. 4. LATENCY OR
PATTERN
The General Structure of Action System by George Ritz, (2000
in Vega, et al. 2015, p.5) is presented below.
 ASSUMPTIONS OF
STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

1. Systems have the 2. Systems tend 3. The system

property of order toward self-maintaining may be static or
and order, or involved in an
interdependence equilibrium. ordered process
of parts. of change.
 ASSUMPTIONS OF
STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

4. The nature of one 5. Systems maintain 6. Allocation and

part of the system boundaries with their integration are two
has an impact on the environments. fundamental processes
form that the other necessary for a given
parts can take. state of equilibrium of a
system.
 ASSUMPTIONS OF
STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

7. Systems tend toward self-maintenance involving the

maintenance of the relationships of parts to the whole,
control of environmental variations, and control of
tendencies to change the system from within.
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
OF SOCIAL SYSTEM
ACCORDING TO PARSON

1. Individual Actors
2. Interactions
3. Physical or environmental aspect
4. Motivation towards the optimization of gratification
5. Relation to situation and each other is defined and
mediated by a system of culturally-structured and
shared symbols.
 FUNCTIONAL REQUISITES OF
A SOCIAL
SYSTEM

1. Social system must be structured so that they operate compatibly with other systems.
2. To survive, the social system must have the requisites from other systems.
3. The system must meet a significant proportion of the needs of its actors.
4. The system must elicit adequate participation from its members.
5. It must have at least a minimum of control over potentially disruptive behavior.
6. If conflict becomes sufficiently disruptive, it must be controlled.
7. A social system requires a language in order to survive.
THE KEY PRINCIPLES 1. INTERDEPENDENCE
OF THE
FUNCTIONALIST 2. FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL
STRUCTURE AND
PERSPECTIVE AS CULTURE
IDENTIFIED BY
FARLEY (IN VEGA ET 3. CONCENSUS AND
AL. 2015, P.6): COOPERATION

4. EQUILIBRIUM
THE COMPONENTS PARTS OF
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

1. Families 4. Schools
2. Neighborhood 5. churches
3. Associations 6. banks
7. countries, etc.
 FUNCTIONALISM
•stresses interdependence of the social system
•examines how parts are integrated with each other
•Functionalism examines the social processes necessary
to the establishment and maintenance of social order,
(Ballantine & Spade in Vega, et al., 2015, p.8).
 STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

•Emphasizes social order and social stability and not social

conflict.
•Explains that society is made up of different institutions or
organizations that work together in cooperation – to achieve
their orderly relationship and to maintain social order and
social stability.
 STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

•The maintenance of society emanates from internal rules,

norms, values, and regulations of these various ordered
institutions.
INTERACTIONIST THEORY
DEFINITION
•Interactionist Theories attempt to make the
commonplace, strange by noticing, focusing
their attention and observing the everyday-
taken-for-granted behaviors and interactions
between students and students, and between
teachers and students. It is what conflict and
functionalist theories do not notice, do not
focus their attention to, do not question that is
most problematic to the interactionists.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
DEFINITION
•Interactionist Theory is traced back
to the works of sociologists George
Herbert Mead and Charles Horton
Cooley. They examined the ways in
which the individual is related to
society through ongoing social
interactions.
 PRINCIPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM

1. Human beings, unlike lower animals, are endowed with a

capacity for thought.
2. The capacity for thought is shaped by social interaction
3. In social interaction, people learn the meanings and
symbols that allow them to exercise their distinct capacity
for human thought.
 PRINCIPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM

4. Meanings and symbols allow people to carry on

distinctively human action and interaction.
5. People are able to modify or alter the meanings and
symbols they use in action and interaction on the basis of
their interpretation of the situation.
 PRINCIPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM

6. People are able to make these modifications and

alterations, because, in part, of their ability to interact with
themselves, which allows them to examine possible courses
of action, assess their relative advantages and
disadvantages, and then choose one.
7. The intertwined patterns of actions and interactions make
up groups and societies.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PREMISES BY MEAD:
1. People act toward the things they
encounter on the basis of what those
things mean to them. The word things
refer not only to objects but to people,
activities, and situations as well.
2. We learn what things are by
observing how other people respond to
them through social interaction.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PREMISES BY MEAD:
3. As a result of ongoing interaction,
the sounds (or words), gestures, facial
expressions, and body postures we use
in dealing with others acquire symbolic
meanings that are shared by people
who belong to the same culture.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PREMISES BY MEAD:
three types of objects:
1. Physical objects-chair, tree, Vans
shoes
2. Social objects student, mother,
boyfriend, girlfriend
3. Abstract objects such as ideas or
moral principles
LOOKING GLASS SELF
BY CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
 MULTICULTURALISM

• the phenomenon of • also defined as a • a systematic and comprehensive

multiple groups of policy that emphasizes response to cultural and ethnic
cultures existing the unique diversity, with educational, linguistic
within one society characteristics of economic and social components,
largely due to the different cultures, and specific institutional mechanism
arrival of immigrants. especially as they • viewed as a model of democratic
relate to one another in policy- response to culture and
receiving nations. ethnic diversity
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