Computer IT

Technical and Vocational Training, institute
ADAMA POLY TECHNIC COLLAGE

Dept:-Information technology
Linux Assignment
Prepared by
No Name Of Student Id of Number

1 Fekadu Niguse Hunde
2
3
4
5
.
Submitted To: - Course Ins.
Submitted on: - 10/4/2023
1
ETHIOPIA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GENERAL WINGATE
POLY T/ COLLAGE SATELITE CAMPUS HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA
AND THE HORN ASSIGNMENT.
Engage in your work and make sure your hand writing is clear and
readable. Any attempt of copy from other is strictly for bidden
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
1. Discuss the nature, use and key elements of studying of

history
It is an Inquiry into what happened in the past, when it happened, and how it
happened. It is an inquiry into the inevitable changes in human affairs in the past
and the ways these changes affect, influence or determine the patterns of life in
the society. History is, or should be an attempt to re-think the past.
History is a story of real or imaginary events. : a written record of important
events and their causes. : A branch of knowledge that records and explains past
events. : Events that form the topics of a history.
Through history, we can learn how past societies, systems, ideologies,
governments, cultures and technologies were built, how they operated, and how
they have changed. The rich history of the world helps us to paint a detailed
picture of where we stand today.
History is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human
society. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural,
intellectual, religious and military developments are all part of history.
 Whatever your source of inspiration, I postulate that it falls into one of six basic
Key element of History:
 Time
 Place
 person(s)
 event(s)
 Culture or legend.
2. What is the Gadaa system and how did it function in Oromo society?
And Discuss the similarities and differences between Gadaa,
Luwaand , Baalle systems of the Oromo, Sidama and Gedeo
respectively
 The system regulates political, economic, social and religious
activities of the community dealing with issues such as conflict
resolution, reparation and protecting women's rights. It serves as a
mechanism for enforcing moral conduct, building social cohesion,
and expressing forms of community culture.
 Gada is a traditional system of governance used by the Oromo people in
Ethiopia developed from knowledge gained by community
experience over generations.
 The system regulates political, economic, social and religious
activities of the community dealing with issues such as conflict
resolution, reparation and protecting women's rights. It serves as a
mechanism for enforcing moral conduct, building social cohesion,
and expressing forms of community culture.
 The Baalle and the Gaada system of the Oromo have some
similarities. For example, both have grading system and exercise
periodic transfer of power (i.e., every eight years). The role of
religion is high in the two indigenous systems of governance.
 The Luwa system which involves both administrative and cultural
aspects of the Sidama society was mainly responsible for the defence
activities of the society. Luwa is administered by an age grade
system where each grade rotates every 8 years.
3. What is religion? Identify indigenous and modern religion?
Religion is a set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that

most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force,
such as a personal god or another supernatural being.
: a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes,

beliefs, and practices. a(1) : the service and worship of God or the
supernatural. (2) : commitment or devotion to religious faith or
observance
Indigenous religions are the ancestral religions of peoples who are

native to particular landscapes. Their religions help them achieve the
goal of living successfully in those places. Thus, indigenous religions
vary, just as the places their practitioners inhabit vary.
Of the world's major religions, Christianity is the largest, with more
than two billion followers. Christianity is based on the life and
teachings of Jesus Christ and is approximately 2,000 years old.
4. State the rationale behind the formation of Axumite coins

besides their formal purpose?
Aksumite currency was coinage produced and used within the
Kingdom of Aksum (or Axum) centered in present-day Eritrea and
Ethiopia.
They are particularly important because they provide evidence of
Aksum and its rulers. The inscriptions on the coins highlight the fact
that Aksumites were a literate people with knowledge of both
Ethiopic and Greek languages.
During the 18th and 19th centuries the currency for Ethopia was the
Maria Theresa Taler, also known as the Birr, which means
silver. The Taler became the official coin in 1855, but the Indian
Rupee and the Mexican Dollar were used for foreign trading. In
1893, the Birr was introduced as the standard unit.
5. Point out the internal and external reasons for the final collapse of
Axum in the 8thC A.D
The downfall of Aksum was due to Islamic invasion and Climatic

conditions. Explanation: Aksum was part of Yemen.
Subsequently, Aksum could not maintain its political and social-
economic system. Extensive land use that was necessary for the
required high level of food production for the kingdom's large
population, and probable heavier rains caused degradation of the
fertile soil, which further contributed to the downfall of Aksum.
The growth of the religion of Islam, and the increasing control of the
Middle East under an Islamic political leader, led to the decline and
fall of the Kingdom of Aksum. This nation could not compete with
its rich Islamic neighbors and became much poorer.
Extensive land use that was necessary for the required high level of
food production for the kingdom's large population, and probable
heavier rains caused degradation of the fertile soil, which further
contributed to the downfall of Aksum.
6. Mention at least fourfactors that madestate formation possible

in Ethiopia
Ethiopia in roughly its current form began under the reign of
Menelik II, who was Emperor from 1889 until his death in 1913.
From his base in the central province of Shewa, Menelik set out to
annex territories to the south, east, and west areas inhabited by the
Oromo, Sidama, Gurage, Welayta, and other peoples.
7. Mention factors brought the Zagwe dynasty to an end?
The end of the Zagwe came when Yekuno Amlak, who never
personally claimed to be descendant of Dil Na'od or King Solomon,
and acting under the guidance of either Saint Tekle Haymanot or
Saint Iyasus Mo'a, pursued the last king of the Zagwe and killed him
at the Battle of Ansata.
A historical kingdom in present-day northern Ethiopia. Centered at
Lalibela, it ruled large parts of the territory from approximately 900
to 1270, when the last Zagwe King Za-Ilmaknun was killed in battle
by the forces of Yekuno Amlak.
The Arab occupation of the Red Sea coast and the spread of Islam
into the northern boundaries of the Aksumite empire were considered
as the main factors in the decline of Aksum and its eventual demise
as a capital city.

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Technical and Vocational Training, institute

ADAMA POLY TECHNIC COLLAGE

No Name Of Student Id of Number

1. Discuss the nature, use and key elements of studying of

3. What is religion? Identify indigenous and modern religion?

Religion is a set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that

: a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes,

Indigenous religions are the ancestral religions of peoples who are

4. State the rationale behind the formation of Axumite coins

Axum in the 8thC A.D

The downfall of Aksum was due to Islamic invasion and Climatic

6. Mention at least fourfactors that madestate formation possible

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