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    1) Modulation and demodulation are used in communication systems to transmit information over carriers. The modulation index m relates the depth of modulation and should be kept below 1 in practice. 2) AM transmitters can transmit a carrier, sidebands, and modulation tones simultaneously. Non-linear circuits like AM detectors output the sum and difference frequencies of the input signals. 3) FM broadcasting is used for high quality audio due to its resistance to noise and fading, unlike AM which is used for medium wave transmissions.

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    Eee206 99

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    1) Modulation and demodulation are used in communication systems to transmit information over carriers. The modulation index m relates the depth of modulation and should be kept below 1 in practice. 2) AM transmitters can transmit a carrier, sidebands, and modulation tones simultaneously. Non-linear circuits like AM detectors output the sum and difference frequencies of the input signals. 3) FM broadcasting is used for high quality audio due to its resistance to noise and fading, unlike AM which is used for medium wave transmissions.

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    1) Modulation and demodulation are used in communication systems to transmit information over carriers. The modulation index m relates the depth of modulation and should be kept below 1 in practice. 2) AM transmitters can transmit a carrier, sidebands, and modulation tones simultaneously. Non-linear circuits like AM detectors output the sum and difference frequencies of the input signals. 3) FM broadcasting is used for high quality audio due to its resistance to noise and fading, unlike AM which is used for medium wave transmissions.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views2 pages

    Eee206 99

    Uploaded by

    api-3819098
    1) Modulation and demodulation are used in communication systems to transmit information over carriers. The modulation index m relates the depth of modulation and should be kept below 1 in practice. 2) AM transmitters can transmit a carrier, sidebands, and modulation tones simultaneously. Non-linear circuits like AM detectors output the sum and difference frequencies of the input signals. 3) FM broadcasting is used for high quality audio due to its resistance to noise and fading, unlike AM which is used for medium wave transmissions.

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    of 2

    REE2ffi

    1999{.?.hourst
    SnringSemester

    COMMLB{ICATTON
    SYSTEMS2

    l. (a) Explain why the processesof modulationand demodulationare widely usedin


    comrnunicationsystems.
    (s)
    (b) Definethe term "modulationindex",ffi, s it relatesto an amplitude-modulated
    signaland explain why in practicethe valueof m shouldbe kept lessthan l.
    (2)

    (c) fui Alv{ DSB CP transmitterhasan outputpower of 5 kW when sinusoidally


    modulatcdto a dcpthof 100%.Dctcrminc thc powcr output whcn

    (r) the carrier is unmodulated


    (3)
    (ii) aftersinusoidalmodulationtoadepthofS5?'",onesidebandis
    supressedand the carier componentis reducedby 25 <IB.
    (5)

    (d) Ifthe transmitteris sinusoidallymodulatedto a depthof 7$% andtwo further


    sine waves,correspondingto 50oloand ?0% modulation,are transmitt€d
    simultaneously,detenninethe totat fadiafedpowef,-
    {s}
    2. (a) F.xplain,with the aid of diagrams,the operationof two typesof AM
    demodulator. ;I

    (8)
    /.b) circuit hasan oulput voltagev6 rvhich is relaled!o its input
    A norr-line,'ar
    voltagevl by

    vo = 0.6vi + 0,t5 t;2

    vi containsa carrierof lv pp at l0O kHz anda toneof 0,?5vfp at 4 kHa

    (r) Write down an expressionforvo containingan the freguencycomponcnts


    and their amplitudesand henceduawths spectrumof vo.
    (4)

    (ii) vo is now passedthrongheu ideal filter havinga passbandbetureen70 kFfz


    and 130klfe Showthat the ou$ut spectnrmis now a firll AM one and find qhs
    modulationindol m.
    a4l
    (lD Forthe outputsignalof(bXii), findthe largwt valuesof modulationtone :
    amptitrde and frequencywhich canbe usedwithoutproducingdistortion or
    interferencein the fiher€d outprrl
    (4)

    (a) Explain why FM is usedfor high-ryality sotrndbroadcastingat VHF but not at


    mediumwave frequencies.
    {3}

    {b} -Dessribe,with.the aid ofhlock dfugrarns,tbe.sffimrsad openationof an FM


    sfers) receiver.
    'I( fl)

    tc) AnF'tvl.si.gnal
    havingthe follovtfurgclraracteri*icsi+aplid.tathe inp*of.a
    superhetreceiver:

    v Carricr ccntrc frcqucncy: 100'MTIz


    Frequenc,y dwistioa. : + 75 WIz.
    gas€ba&.lis&orn 3gl+zro 15t*tz

    Iftlre receiver'fiasan IF of lO.? MIIZ, estimate

    {i} .ttaerfreine valuesof the rnadulation,inder(


    (ii) ths maximumCarsonbandwidltr
    {ir$ tlnfmlascillatorfrsqpensy
    (irr} theprob*ble practiealIF bandwidth
    {ro}

    4. {a} Discuw'tfus€$&rrtagssanddisadlrafitag$s
    sfPCM rvlreir-usrdise
    corununication sv.stem..
    \.7 t>t

    itr) Tnalve 4 kHz ch'aunelsarefs be muttipltxed an*lfran$ftit&xl<rrra KM link"


    noim is.h. bs betfts than.3SdB andlinear
    T.her,rn*signal.+o.guantjsation,
    quarsisafionisused.

    (i) E"plan, wi{h 6e aid of"ablock d*Bnirn; S€ og€rzi$on'sfth€


    .nrultiplgxerandPe.IVd
    mldst*Ir sycter.t.
    ts)
    (il) Esdmatetheminimuri systambanitrviitth :
    t3)
    (o) Why istheabove quantisationmethsd,rrr$€alistie
    $rh€nryplied'toqpeeshantl
    how, in practice,mayspeechbe quantisedefficiemly ?
    {6}

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