CHAPTER

9
Psychology and Sports
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
know about the:
After completion of the chapter, students willlearn and will be able to
1. Definition and Importance of Psychology in Physical Education and Sports
2. Adolescent Problems and Their Management
3. Team Cohesion and Sports

us, if we want to understand

A basic knowledge of psychology is essential for
The word Psychology' is a
the psychological aspects of physical education. means soul and
combination of two Greek words-psyche and logas. Psyche' soul. After some
the science of
logas' means science. So, psychology means because there was no physical
time, this meaning of psychology was discarded considered as the science of mind
identity of soul. Later on, psychology was
meaning of psychology was also rejected as it was a hard task to know
but this psychology was considered as the
about the mind of the other person. After that,
science of consciousness. With the passagescienceof time, this meaning of psychology
of behaviour. According to the
was also discarded and now it is called the lost its soul. Then it lost its mind,
conclusion of Woodworth, First, psychology behaviour ofa sort."
Then it lost its consciousness. It still has
OF PSYCHOLOGY IN PHYSICAL
1. DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE
EDUCATION AND SPORTS

Meaning and Definition of Psychologyand explanation of behaviour in

interpretation
1. According to Ross, "Tt is the
mental or physical terms. in
According to James Drever, "It is the science which seeks to interpret
2. living organism so far as that is
physicalor mental terms the behaviour of
physically conditioned. "
According to Pillsbury, "Psychology is the science of human behaviour "
3. "Psychology is the study of the human
4. According to Crow and Crow,
behaviour and human relationship.

9.1
PSYCHOLOGY AND SPORTS
 activities of the
Woodworth. "Psvchology deals with the
b. According to relation to hisenvironment.
individual in
is positive science of behaviour."
6. According to WWatson, "Psychology
Sports Psychology on human body,
Meaning and Definition ofstudy of impact of exercise
the
Sports physiology deals with fatigue, energy for performance, etc. Sports
the
health, fitness, sports training,
of various forces that act on human body and
biomechanics is the study of
produce. It also deals with the application of principles
effects that these forces sports object motion, and the mechanical analysis
and
physics to human motionsub-disciplines of physical education play vital roles in
of activities. These two
performance of sportspersons but only up to acertain
limit.
the enhancement of the
and it plays a vital role insuch
sports psychology is helpful
At this stage, the performance of sportspersons, because it
has no
enhancement of sports psychological factors that affect
sports psychology is the study of
limit. Indeed, motor skills. Due to its important role in the
the learning and performance of necessary for us to know the
enhancement of performance in sports field, it is definitions may enable us to
following
exact meaning of sports psychology. The
understand the exact meaning of sports psychology:
an area which attempts to
According to John Lauther, "Sports psychology isperformance and associated
apply psychological facts and principles to learning
human behaviour in whole field of sports."3
According toK M Burns, "Sports psychology for physical education is that branch
through his
of psychology which deals with the physical fitness of an individual
participation in games and sports."
According to Singer, "Sports psychology explores one's behaviour in athletics."
According to Clark and Clark, "Sports psychology is an applied psychology. It is
more concerned with the personalities, emotional or motivational aspects of sports
and physicalactivities. It employs many of the techniques used in psychology.
According to Brown and Makoney, "Sports psychology is the study of the
application of psychologicalprinciples to sports and physicalactivity, at all levels
of skillimprovement.
"Sports psychology is the scientific study of persons and their behaviours in sports
contexts and the practical application of that knowledge.»
"Sports psychology deals with increasing performance by managing emotions and
minimising the psychological effects of injuries and poor performance."
It is clear from the above-mentioned definitions that sports psychology is the
study of behaviour and various psychological aspects in the field of sports.
Importance of Sports Psychology
It is a well-known fact that in the field of sports the
sports physiology and
sports biomechanics have achieved a very high level, and the scope for further
development seems to be less. For example, the strength, speed or endurance.
9.2 HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION-XI
whichare
the aspects of sports physiology have reached almost a maximum
n the same way,
the development of techniques has also reached near
saturation. Further development or improvement in these aspects is less. So,
evel.

only scope for further improvemnent in sports performance depends upon

psychologicalaspects of physical education such as personality traits in relation
the
sports and games, sports intelligence,
motivation for physical activities, growth
to
development,motivation, emotions, interest, attitude, motor skill learning,
and
individual differences, etc. As a matter of fact, sports psychology plays a very
vast roleein the field of physical education. The following points
as well.as a
vital
may
enable us to knowthe importance of sports psychology.
Bnhances Physiological Capacities: Sports psychology plays a very
strength,
such as
unigue role in the enhancement of physiological capacities
role in the enhancement
Speed, flexibility, etc. Motivation plays a majorwell-known as well as an
of physical capacity of sportspersons. It is a can increase
established fact that psychological capacities or powers
physiologicalcapacities of individuals.
psychology plays a major role
9. Assists to Learn Motor Skills: Sports motor skills depends on the
of
in the learning of motor skills. Learning and psychological
individual's level of readiness, i.e., physiological readiness
Physiological readiness in children is the development of the
readiness.
strength, flexibility and endurance as well as the development
necessary
organ systems so that they may use motor skills required in
of various related to the learner's state of
Psychological readiness is
the activity. willingness to learn the particular skill. In
mind. It means the desire and
plays an important role.Sports
psychological readiness, sports psychologystage, the associative stage and
psychology is also helpful in the cognitive
learning.
motor skill
the autonomous stage of
EXTENSION ACTIVITY

sportspersons of national/international level. Ask them about the role

Findout at least two discuss
psychology in the performance/ achievement in sports. Prepare a report and
of sports
it in the class.
Behaviour:
8. Aids in Understanding understanding
psychology helps in
Sports sportspersons
the behaviour of athletes or
sports. Coaches
engaged in competitiveinterest, attitude
the
also come to know instincts, drives
towards physical activity,
sportspersons. It plays an
andpersonality of understanding
Important role not only in the modification of
the
of behaviour but also in situations. Sports psychology-an essential
behaviour in various sports Science for sportsperson

9.3
PSYCHOL0GY AND SPORTS
9.4 4 3 2. related
1questions.
athlete
Name Choose
of the helps
-confidence,
Injuries Sports
6. . Helpsin
4.
performance emotional with psychology tournaments.
and
a depression,
such Supportsand athletes players.
the in COmpetution.
any very and
psychology levelThat tips Prepares arousal
for also psychologY
Selt-thinkmg, well theln role
four the
problems. stress gives competitions. in in
vital
anxiety concentration and is toplays
in of time, bchaviour controlling
sportspersons
internationallevel various dealing why,
athletes
Medals
Won at control, management
role may helps
advice/international-level Athletesemotions
an plays Controlling
in frustration, Emotional
natural
sports There
may are
with sports feeling
the Generally,
Conclusively, in be suggestions
sportspersons important a
commitment, mental
enhancing and or In of' the
of helpful sports-related performance
vital
EXTENSION
ACTIVITY and motivation. psychologists' team
Psychologically
fact,
whichsportspersons, ofemotions
any ownersbip, Emotions:
cananorexia, Needs role these
game games.qualities in some be
during to EXTRA
EDGE itrole further
sports
Name of sports in teams. players has at
the it be such
and applied
can developing It in such ofemotions of
et.,
performance
physical,supports
improves
complete situations. panic, practice ofcoaches services become
preparing aet'hc.ese Sports $
which such be other They before for sporLspersons
Sportspersons: sportsperson a If
said on mental
as sportspersons strategies
on Competitions: juncture. these are may
the etc.
emotional the psychology
Psychological aresportspersons that period team create are and a
and trend of anger,bring
following concentration, Techniques
important of The performance. emotions
role a sportspersons. sports emotional
communication. to required afterathletes It during
and the to
in knowledge deal may disgusl,
helps spontaeous plays
problems such in
attaining
factors format the give
psychology competitions Stress, coping with willpower
Sports decrease. in are practiCe
who stresses. for a
for of psychologically not 1ear, very
medal that after confidence, anxiety, competitions.
wIth psychological balancing
a
successful relaxation
are In psychology important
of national controlled
played asking lt tension fact,sports to negative
changes as
facing
dealsplays sports Sports wcll
self win'
as or it the ..
PORTS
OLOGY
AND described
below.
Adolescents
Problemns
UWiIS
ang to ofFhysical It
According
and There many capable the strife."
storm,
According According
Inandmaturity."person is considered
in tocannot ofoOw
I. very means fact, the our 19 'adolesceker'
uncertain d The
Adolescence
LatworinADOLESCENT
Meaning of 2. Improves 9. Helps8.in Helps7.in
girls
take
changes,Physical is
physical, mental years.
glands be to word behaviour.
modifying
delicate it makesperiod maturity." performance s in d
like
growth
various extra-ordinary a of is dated
personalitypsychol
and ohelgyps helptension
place. childdoing toand a to
to This that 'adolescence'
women. Sadler, periodStanleytransition of beginning improving
sports
their
dolescents
Problems: period physiological, of social through
Jersield, internal this
exactly.
Development changes, becomes everything age Communication
Performance:Developing Reducing of
this In
of period PROBLEMS
THEIR
AND sportspersONs
of age maturity, fast Hal, begins is in
their increase "Adolescence from
which
secretion, But, and fact,
feel During children
rapid is
derived
which improving
group by growth Adolescence "Adolescence with generally, it psychology
Stress:
Sports
life. mental, childhood the ending
is
restless of in inhimself." yet a means
sex The of th e tends and growing changes age a tofrom Sports
adolescence, this weight, isthey WESOME period during
major of itthat cohesion
ofperformance.
glands
and groupage
beginning. social todevelopment. that to 13 the
be feel is HATS is sportspersons by
psychology
height, period the the
worried. problems, self-dependent. and and MI
takes period MANAGEMENT and
competitions
many Boys
emotional try Skills
manyface bones, in communication.
place.bodily which whichAlthough to of helps
start act great Adolescence and helps
muscles
As During like scientific ofto reducing
adolescents
orproblemns. appearingchanges a stress ways Cohesion: whichstressin
physical a child
adolescents improve
result grown-ups.
and
take this tries and ultimately
of face, Indeed, it strength. like
changes period,
place. strain, sports Sports
these men to lack
9.5 are be
 9.6
Problems:Social 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2.
against
social
forevolt
r their important. greatwhythem Theymembers. the fruitful
a Feeling He/She
The Problemsfundamental they herself
river, problems,
Problems herself
excitement
Sometimes, emotionalinfluence
negative Emotional to wants coordinate She also. erratic.
stability show anxiety.
LackbecomeProblem They
face TheseMental
be problems
this teenagers problems desire feels
own seriously. it do in
impossible He/She
to aggressive
of traits
life.
wantsirrigates not to irritated
age phases of have that He/She and
Stability Problems:
of such
ways. of He is
Ross of which a be and
the life, with
group. Importance: Related state at such
the
remainsgenuine of a to hesitate
Self-support: fact Problems:
in he/she a finds he/sheAggressive create
tend career make t
adolescenth e deep in free others. as
But They
demand
parents says, and are of ofemotions, is behaviour.
easily.
of which the it
unimportant Itfeel to depression.
related t op behaviour andAdjustmnent:
is
difficult unable faces difficulty During
They society fail confused adolescence, to depression." atmosphere many
has selection. need "The his/herfertilises to of beginning.
under Not
to leave the we An They
customs
views,
share and
their observed respect. Sex: becomes adjustment Behaviour: They
been Adolescents
createsunderstand and
adolescent Each to can he/she only to
to in this
He own great their During
world in adolescentpressure adjust try ment al
in-betuween refers sex. He/She
his seeRoss cooperate
at outside become to age,
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But, not
family.
tractsSometimes, and, so once home gain
many every excited constant with
problem. An problems. stress,
traditions. not to
desires all feels says, because In
the in adolescence, more is
LTH thatsometimes,
and the begin sometimes, without with but adolescent
importance. aggressive this
hindrances dependence want society. oflife.Ross some other and
becomes
problem.
adolescent.
feelings itThat's needadolescent that The full his/her he/she tension
wledge
experience and
to life's emotionally alternation
Like they the of His/Her age An
N-XI
AL
AND adolescents to to find of
for He/She territory." says, he/she adolescent uphill any adjusting
important
Friendsare depend rhythm his/her cannot people. does groupP, on and
of
thinkself-support. his th e become
children he/she emotions. rules family adolescent
in and needs task, behaviour small strife
their place overflow "Sex, considers not
themselves s upon desires
disturbed. between of parents. or adjust
independence. so finds lives
He/She have children with
matters.
want in
self-support. positive which members. common,are
faces
do his the
then,eager face regulations.
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paths, to He to of himself/himself/ intensely in complets
becomes
not is intense seems He/She familv fails tend
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ress of
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ofunexercised
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Stroll
toneeducation adolescent motor systematic teachers less tension.
Education: adolescent.
management. easy the environment In
uponthe clear adolescents ahence, nd
upon wrong adolescent, various ofcan problems it is
of
savs. properly. can problems. certain
is that dissatisfaction.
of
development
of at
for these problems
for but sometimes,
for so
voice, other
to has
concept psychology. his/her be can be provided
the adolescence But,
this games is developing
"Information in Psychology: Motor
problems: efforts. dangerous. are societies,
the
adolescents We It beneficial difficult play stage
unreliable attraction
However, because Parents is stage, of But to up sometimes
same about are motor
and not to
The
adolescents. a the
essentialThey will
Development: vital adolescents, of it some is If
a to solved, where which in a
on sex. for
living many
it flabby sports. following problems cannot a social thisgroup
manner,sources should Teachers take
development. fmanage.
or Parents stage
sexualwithout should role extent, fall
Teachers should the in to good group
problems
a place the th e be skills,
prey
with and opposite provide sort constitution Through It in of acts
subjects society,
be be
hesitation,
the may An to gets asa
as
imparted out able and properly. intoxication,
comprehension.
confidence
same can the thparents He/She
adolescent
these adolescents'
Managing
problems proper
should not
well sex.
where e to medium
directness refer as knowledge be
understand fo r
so Most in solved problems gamesshould guidance,
be parents sex should t he B
N
that schools should and
given to of rest Jha and i.e., of
as cheap education by the be spreading social
information in they should the and ofand have of
says, be alcohol,
adolescents adolescents sports,
encouraged it
literature.
exactly may psychology psychology
focus life provided is
providecolleges. is a is"If the
9.7 basic drugs
the not not on the left his/ best
on
 development
9.8 tothe proper As
the a 8. Adequate 7. 6. 5. 4.
problems matter animal.
good virtues how adolescents.
Social of
we impose allowed belife.adolescents.
toindependence be to
evelopment attention appropriate
shouldproblems. proper anxiety
To provide
suitableinstitutions. education Moral becauseVocational
Puree
be greatintelligence,
know go given adolescents.
for to fo r They given Provide provided
could of Education: their
should be facilities importance
of fact, leading Ouradjust that picnic, to
proper environment
proper and it and say,
adolescents should express wish paid. They at
should many
Independence: manner. worry to
and adolescence be existence themselves social be wil to Suitable Through home. Religious
"Vocational Guidance:
proper. a mountaineering, upon weightage to should or capabilities,
upliftment taught adolescents. Parents and adolescents. not
adolescents during This
be good their express balanced can But
virtuesSocial Proper
so paid depends
life. them. opportunities for moral
bemoral be guidance
Parents
that through feelings be the
education
is ineducation independently. views
their should Environment: growth tackled included
on if
Education: aptitude
of a th e are They those
Adolescents Teachers attention
taught diet.,
This high Teachers fail
they thestage on education,
education
their and society. necessary hiking and look and toshould
society social should because easily. in school
couldproblems are how for wi l and
nationteachers of is suggestions. after development. educational Moral
select and
should
struggle, education. also really and on toproper be
LTH try and Adolescents should
some
give vocational
period.
give but It want providing behave interest.
their
is
important to parents malnutriti0n
the them and provided
in of too trekking. to
AND future. their
should
adolescents a
leadunderstand important.
freedom development. problems be provide
tension much fact health
They T'hey and They curriculum.
imparted mental
religiousguidance
a should
give
vocations. This
AL valuable that social healthy keeping
in Parents should
Their
views should
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should should problems how can should
and manadolescence. They in like education peace. guidancevocational
life. th e every in Kashyap are
so environment to
create They be It in
XI contributio tryanxiety. sentiments be indiscipline
be educationol is
that is be should should
adequate live of guidance View
to So, allowed facet of providedprovided Religious
better extremely is
soC1a1
1s taught a these manyshould
in should
solve the' their must their
SO. not As not be of an t and
 There achieve
objectives.
goals
and
1ypes auuraction
COncentratesUrength tendency selves
cohesive like the "Cohesion
the stick According acthelpful. performance.
maMeaning
y be M top most and that by
on bave sports a stichkserTeam 3.
()are Hence, Team It Cohesive tendency
they satisfactionTeam The sptorotgetssuccess.
common goal. a means and together members
team
of a
likely the has
or
Task for team have most
optimal team cohesion TEAM
O
twTeam between of are cohesion is clear-cut team both
group their bonds cohesion it of a to long
a
that team and demand to COHESION
different
hesion. can group contributedmore tend a dynamic and Festinger,
ofaccepted potential
group to experience needs performs
together
on and in
efforts the be tean the
remain Definition
is remain
workCohesion between been the
tomeans understanding and
team
motivated
to focus commonly or to
concluded happens member'
to sprocess, and associated field
types to stick
cohesion definition require 'stick off
AND
ether T'ask
team more remain
that
to united Schacter in failure. field.
th e In
achieve
members gain of
of the a
whentogether to group together' SPORTS
sports
Cohesionteam members, that on not defined
needs". which
in of best
to work
is overall united
of more with
team a the only the aboutTeam However,
and isand results.
chievecohesion cohesion is refers
team team a dynamic and towardsentire in pursuit
as called cohesion sports,
in the
relates goals. the success are the areflected Black, team achieve
Team to
the Cohesion order anount of to
degreecohesionremains remain group group dynamic it
ommon which unity of team cohesion, Without the
to process the
pursuit wasprovided than is it
of its in "The not to is
how to
goals
united teamrather the instrumental cohesion" the perform usually willingness
are ofcan process of total othersalwaysproper
goals which the united that group. met its the "togetherness"
wel
described l goal. than tendency
be in goals field
following
and the tteam,
he is but that by in
cohesion,
true theirheard at
the
described while reflected their
Individuals of order in
team team the pursuit everyone and is Carron
jectives. objectives of forces, because from which
below: working reflected
individualobjectives. a
definitions tomaximum Cohesion in
members feeling
members group a displayed
as etwhich achieve team coaches a
of in feels
in some team
9.9 the
of to its the in for toal.,
It a 1s
 9.10 There
Factors the success.
but someaspects,
3. 2. 1.
group inSatisfaction. Size same itstudies Even In (ii)
Similarity. thTeam
e members are seems
the Most simple championship.
contrary, goals though e.g., ofmayenjoy Social common
share
as a achieve
A refers
toalso
are group. of various
Affecting whether agroup
Cohesion
the that have
of in get team
of are and socialwords, each
as the Cohesion.
on with
similarTeam They group. factors beliefs, suggested both to
if pleasedTeam
the is they
coaches they well
other's degree
common
goals, tothe to
support
types social achieve
developed Team high
cohesion may are win with
age, group Team which goaland
cohesion
with they company.Social task
be completely and that cohesion of orone
sex, and Cohesion
Team that
is Cohesion team lose.
divided cohesion each affect may anotherCohesion cohesion
develops larger,easily
skills, social
athletesfriendships 2 goal. whoare to
is get cohesion
other's team is In forwhich
on and linked focusedcohesion
terests there also success the
recreational and example,
prefer refers is to
various
easily quickly cohesion motivated
performance need level enjoy composed members
ardepends
e with on outside
even
teammates is to
if less their to of
playing how
and mostissues if the not
I there in without be unityof sports, to of of
tudes. chances on common work
the of in extent some present assports.
well coordinate
efforts
members/players a
the and essential of th e together team
the
is to togetherwin a
a
size or a all the
behaviour.
of
small social game
group. tothe task like in team team
of work
members good ofwhich their
a regardless the
group the other cohesion. and each for
team in players members
getting
cohesion gou team share other social who
of Way· but
the
OGY
TSAND There How
5. 4. 3. 2. 11. 10. 9. -
If or
1. it & 5. 4.
This Reward
best memberseducation Provide roles th
Practicee team Should
Encourage Set are Temperament
to short
who
are rather which
communication
Struggle lower member
Lack
Minimummay
maximum Hence,
Popularity. will of Win
remain
any 0 the coach becomes team
key like
winning Stability.
tendencySupport.
act
efforts played cohesion team
following
Improve level loSs
suggestions to members try they push of this to for members
from
feedback to comnmunication.
for records.
wil effort teacher have team to goals.set difficult of
interaction chances
good of a haon s
and by choosethem
lead
lessto
will play various longer Team
If Cohesive
definitely time encourage
is
communication. clear-cut points tempered cohesion.
power.
each team
building, of Team collision. members other
with lead and
positive and
having and expected a This a
from should to to to to championships.
few
sport Team cohesion
period. encourageteams
to member
unity. team which take Some be to tend
time. is have cohesion.effect
performance.
help good them.individuals communication goals Cohesion a or selfish low
persons 1s
provide cohesion in
a
time. cohesion
Building It toare significant are good advantage
become teamlevel not
in Regularly and can
There individual captainthe If cohesion. develops
performance, befree for so them
improving improved. A helpful team in Minimum would
of to
feedback laying be to
th e may helping popular, developed
as mutual angry theof cohesion. have
communicate
coach team
step gaining athletes if to
team.
If ask well done
the among incohesion. be like the support
stress improving for frequently. coaches
team they team for to as by
goal
or to a the team,interaction there
to
achieve. number self coach
and of If if same
opinions
individualteam.reducing on physical a team have watch
it the
cohesion. the physical the one
should
members success. is will team
with
achieving setting members
team self-centred team is popular, or members another. who
of The the In of to be
education players achieve time cheer few has provide
be players one such
lackthe
playerscoachdifference and education cohesion.
given are set likelyteam for there persons a of
team another, of a the good This
doing and objectives. the situation, inintentions
its the support
rewards. and or spirit have to
the players.
physical in
teacher teacher
team.
a goals, will record group type
9.11 their listen team team team who
the be
the is of to
 6. Make efforts to stay together for a long period of time.
or physical eduecation teacher should make efforts to st:ay
together for a long period of time, Ifthe team members stay oyelher lor
long time, they will experience a range of succOssOs ndand.
ilur Logethey
productive
and the team members are more likely to be
7. Establish an environment for success. T'he coach/phyxicl
cohesive.
ducto
teacher should try to establish afavourable environment forHCCOBH, Such
type of environnent is helpful in improving team cohesion.
8. Work together to achieve your goal. Efforts should alwnys be: done to
work together to achieve the goals of the team by the coach or physient
education teacher. There should not be any gap between words and actu...
of the coach or teacher. The coach should lay maximum stress on
cohesion. The coach/teacher should try to motivate team groupt
members
enhance team cohesion.
9. Celebrate success as a team. Each success should be celebrated not
on individual basis but on the basis of a team. Such celebrations are very
fruitful in improving team cohesion.
In conclusion, team cohesion can be used as a significant tool by coaches
and physical education teachers to maintain participation in sports. Team
cohesion can be improved significantly if the team has started a season with
poor performance and gains little satisfaction from their results.

EXERCISES
Objective Type/Multiple Choice Questions (Carrying 1 Mark)
Give one word answers.
1. Whose statement is this, "First
psychology lost its soul, Then it lost its mind. Then it los
consciousness. It still has behaviour of a sort"?
2. "Psychology is positive
science of behaviour" Whose statement is it?
3. "Psychology is the
science of human behaviour" Whose
4.
"Adolescence the period of great stresS and
is statement is it? statementis
it? strain, storm and strife". Whose
5. "SportsPsychology explores one's behaviour in
Fill in the blanks.
athletics." Whose statement Is t:
1.
is the study of behaviour and various psychological aspectsSinthefield
of sports.
2.
refers to how well the team members enjoy each other's company.
9.12 EDUCATION-XI
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL
 thefollowing is not correct?
Whichone of adolescent is full of emotions.
I8. lifeof
(a)The
Vocational,guidance should| be provided to adolescents.
(b) Adolescents do not have social
(c)
problems.
(d)Sports psychology plays a significant role in preparing athletes for sports competitions.
the following affects team cohesion?
Which one of
19.(a) Satisfaction (b) Popularity
(c) Similarity (d) All of these
Which one of the following is not helpful in improving team cohesion?
z0. (a) Temperament collision

(b) Set team goals

(c) Encourage communication
team
id) Celebrate success as a

Short Answer Questions-i (Carrying 2 Marks)

1. Clarify the meaning of Sports Psychology.
How does sportspsychology help in controlling emotions during sports competitions?
motor skills? Discuss in brief
3. Does sportspsychology assist in learning
A. Howdoes sports psychology enhance physiological capacities of sportspersons ? Discuss
in brief.
Discuss in brief.
5. Which emotional changes do take place during adolescence?
6. Clarify the meaning of adolescence.
7. Define team cohesion.
and social cohesion.
8. Differentiate between task cohesion

Short Answer Questions-il (Carrying 3 Marks)

1. Define the terms psychology and sports psychology.
2. Discussany three problems of Adolescents.
any three points through which you can manage the problems of adolescents.
3. Discuss
4. Discuss the importance of sports psychology in brief.
team cohesion.
3. Discuss any three factors which affect
any three points that are helpful in improving teamcohesion.
tldoorate
Long Answer Questions (Carrying 5 Marks)
psychology? Explain the importance of psychology in sports.
idt do you mean by
. Explain the problems of adolescence in detail.
of adolescence.
ucidate the management of problems types of team cohesion.
How can you
4. What do cohesion. Discuss the
you mean by team
improve team cohesion in a team? affect team cohesion.
5. What is team cohesion? Elucidate the factors which