PLANE FRAMES

A Frame structure is a structure having the combination of beam,

column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads.
These structures are usually used to overcome the large moments
developing due to the applied loading

Example 1. Determine the reactions of the frame shown. Draw the

shear and bending moment diagrams.
 +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ←
5𝑚
6.5 𝑚 A
−80 6.5 − 30 10 5 + 𝐷𝑦 10 = 0

𝑫𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ↑

10 𝑚 +↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑦 − 30(10) + 202 = 0

𝑨𝒚 = 𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑
At joint A +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

−𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝐵 − 80 = 0
𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = −80 𝑘𝑁

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝐵 + 98 =0
Consider member AB
𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = 98 𝑘𝑁

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 80 𝑘𝑁

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐵𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = −98 𝑘𝑁

𝑀𝐵 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 6.5 = 0
𝑀𝐵 𝐴𝐵 = 80 6.5 = 520 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
At joint B Consider member BC

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐶𝑥 𝐵𝐶 = 0

𝐵𝑥 𝐵𝐶 = 0 +↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 98 − 30 10 + 𝐶𝑦 𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝐶𝑦 𝐵𝐶 = 202 𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝐶 = 98 𝑘𝑁
B

B −520 − 30 10 5 + 202 10 + 𝑀𝐶 𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝑀𝐵 𝐵𝐶 = −520 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐶 𝐵𝐶 = 0
At joint C Consider member CD At joint D, (Checking)

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐶𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 0 +↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝐷𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 0 D

𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝑦 𝐶𝐷 = 202 𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑦 = −202 𝑘𝑁

𝑀𝐶 𝐶𝐷 = 0
 98

𝐸
𝐶
𝐵
𝑥 =?
98 − 30𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = 3.27
80 −202
SHEAR DIAGRAM
𝐷

520 𝐶
𝐵
520

680

MOMENT DIAGRAM
𝐷

𝐴
Example 2. Determine the reactions of the frame shown. Draw the
shear and bending moment diagrams.

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

−𝐴𝑥 + 110 = 0 A

𝐴𝑥 = 110 𝑘𝑁 ← 𝑀𝐴 − 110 3.5 − 25 5 2.5 = 0

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝑀𝐴 = 697.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑀

𝐴𝑦 − 25 5 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 125 𝑘𝑁 ↑
At joint A Member AB

𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = −110 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = 125 𝑘𝑁 +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑀𝐴 𝐴𝐵 = 697.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 −110 + 110 + 𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 0; 𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 0

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

125 + 𝐵𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = 0; 𝐵𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = −125 𝑘𝑁
B
𝐴𝐵
697.5 − 110 3.5 + 𝑀𝐵 =0
𝑀𝐵 𝐴𝐵 = −312.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
At joint B Member BC

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐵𝑥 𝐵𝐶 = 0
−110 + 110 + 𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 0; 𝐵𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝐶 = 125 𝑘𝑁
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑀𝐵 𝐵𝐶 = 312.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 125 − 25 5 = 0

312.5 − 25 5 2.5 = 0
 125

𝐵 𝐶

110

𝑆𝐻𝐸𝐴𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝐴𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑀

𝐴𝑥 = 110 𝑘𝑁 ←
𝐵 𝐶
𝑀𝐴 = 697.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑀
312.5 312.5
𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝐶 = 125 𝑘𝑁 𝐷

𝐴 697.5
𝑀𝑂𝑀𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝐷𝐼𝐴𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑀
Analysis of Truss and Cables
Analysis of Trusses by Method of Joint
This method is based on the principle that if a structural system constitutes a body
in equilibrium, then any joint in that system is also in equilibrium and, thus, can be
isolated from the entire system and analyzed using the conditions of equilibrium.
The method of joint involves successively isolating each joint in a truss system and
determining the axial forces in the members meeting at the joint by applying the
equations of equilibrium. The detailed procedure for analysis by this method is
stated below.

Procedure for Analysis

Verify the stability and determinacy of the structure. If the truss is stable and
determinate, then proceed to the next step.

 Determine the support reactions in the truss.

Identify the zero-force members in the system. This will immeasurably
reduce the computational efforts involved in the analysis.
Select a joint to analyze. At no instance should there be more than two
unknown member forces in the analyzed joint.

 Draw the isolated free-body diagram of the selected joint, and indicate the
axial forces in all members meeting at the joint as tensile (i.e. as pulling away
from the joint). If this initial assumption is wrong, the determined member
axial force will be negative in the analysis, meaning that the member is in
compression and not in tension.

 Apply the two equations Σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 and Σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 to determine the member

axial forces.

 Continue the analysis by proceeding to the next joint with two or fewer
unknown member forces.
Zero Force Members
Complex truss analysis can be greatly simplified by first identifying the “zero
force members.” A zero force member is one that is not subjected to any axial
load. Sometimes, such members are introduced into the truss system to
prevent the buckling and vibration of other members. There are two rules that
may be used to find zero-force members in a truss:

CASE 1: At a TWO member joint: If those members are NOT parallel

AND there are no other external loads (or reactions) at the joint THEN
both of those members are zero force members.
CASE 2: In a THREE member joint: If TWO of those members are
PARALLEL and there are no other external loads (or reactions) at the
joint THEN the member that is not parallel is a zero force member
In the truss shown below, how many zero force members can be
immediately identified?

4, members BH, DJ, FG and GL

Example: Using the method of joint, determine the axial force in each member of
the truss shown below.

𝑭𝑩𝑫
 Solution:

Static determinacy: 𝑚 = 5 ; 𝑗 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 3; 𝑚 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗

Support reactions
By applying the equations of static equilibrium to the free-body diagram

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
20 4 − 12 3 + 8𝐶𝑦 = 0
𝐶𝑦 = −5.5𝑘𝑁; 𝐶𝑦 = 5.5 𝑘𝑁 ↓ −𝐴𝑥 + 12 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 12𝑘𝑁 ←
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑦 − 5.5 + 20 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = −14.5 𝑘𝑁; 𝐴𝑦 = 14.5 𝑘𝑁 ↓
Analysis of joint A. Analysis of joint D.

𝜽 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟕°

3 +↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
4
𝜃 = 36.87° 𝐹𝐷𝐵 = 0
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87° − 14.5 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 24.17 𝑘𝑁 −𝐹𝐷𝐴 + 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 0
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 𝐹𝐷𝐴 = −7.34 𝑘𝑁
−12 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 12 − 24.17𝑐𝑜𝑠36.87°
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = −7.34 𝑘𝑁
Analysis of joint B

𝜷 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°

4
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = = 53.13°
3

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

−𝐹𝐵𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13° + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13° + 12 = 0

𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13 = 24.17 𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13° − 12

𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 9.17 𝑘𝑁
Determine the forces in each member of the warren truss shown

𝑨𝒙
𝑨𝒚 𝑬𝒚

Solution:
Static determinacy: 𝑚 = 13, 𝑗 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 3; 𝑚 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐸𝑦 24 − 50 18 − 125 12 − 100 6 = 0
𝐸𝑦 = 125 𝑘𝑁 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐸𝑦 − 100 = 125 − 50 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 150 𝑘𝑁
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
E
−𝐴𝑦 24 + 50 6 + 125 12 + 100 18 = 0 𝐴𝑥 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 150 𝑘𝑁
Analysis of joint A +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑭𝑨𝑭 𝐹𝐴𝐵 − 𝐹𝐴𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

4
4
3 5 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 250
A 𝜃 5
 𝑭𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟎 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 200 𝑘𝑁(𝑇)
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎
Analysis of joint B 𝑭𝑩𝑭
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
B
𝑭𝑨𝑩  𝑭𝑩𝑪
𝐴𝑦 − 𝐹𝐴𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0
100 kN
3
𝐴𝑦 − 𝐹𝐴𝐹 =0
5 +↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
5 𝐹𝐵𝐹 − 100 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐹 = 𝐴𝑦
3 𝐹𝐵𝐹 = 100𝑘𝑁 (T)
5
𝐹𝐴𝐹 = (150) +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
3
𝐹𝐴𝐹 = 250 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶) −𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 200 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
Analysis of joint F Analysis of joint G
F
4  4 𝑭𝑭𝑮 G 𝑭𝑮𝑯
𝑭𝑭𝑮 =266.67 kN 
3 5 3
5

𝑭𝑭𝑨 =250 kN
𝑭𝑭𝑪
𝑭𝑭𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵 𝑭𝑮𝑪

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
3 3 𝐹𝐺𝐻 = 266.67 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝐹𝐹𝐴 − 100 − 𝐹𝐹𝐶 =0
5 5
𝐹𝐹𝐶 = 83.33 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇) +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹𝐺𝐶 = 0
4 4
𝐹𝐹𝐴 + 𝐹𝐹𝐺 + 𝐹𝐹𝐶 =0
5 5
4 4
250 + 𝐹𝐹𝐺 + 83.33 =0
5 5

𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 266.67 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)

Analysis of joint C
𝑭𝑪𝑮 = 𝟎
𝑭𝑪𝑭 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵 𝑭𝑪𝑯
3 5 5 3
C +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑭𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵
4
 4 𝑭𝑪𝑫

4 4
−𝐹𝐶𝐵 + 𝐹𝐶𝐻 − 𝐹𝐶𝐹 + 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 0
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 5 5
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
4 4
𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 200 − 125 + 83.33
3 3 5 5
𝐹𝐶𝐻 + 𝐹𝐶𝐹 − 125 = 0
5 5
3 3 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 166.66 (𝑇)
𝐹𝐶𝐻 = 125 − 83.33
5 5
𝐹𝐶𝐻 = 125 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
 Analysis of joint D Analysis of joint E
𝑭𝑬𝑯
𝑭𝑫𝑯
3 5
E
D 𝑭𝑫𝑬 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵 4 
𝑭𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵  𝑭𝑫𝑬

50 kN 𝑬𝒚

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 4
−𝐹𝐸𝐻 − 166.67 = 0
5
𝑭𝑫𝑯 =50 kN (T)
𝐹𝐸𝐻 = −208.34 kN
𝐹𝐸𝐻 = 208.34 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑭𝑫𝑬 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)
3
𝐸𝑦 = 208.34 = 125 𝑘𝑁
5
Analysis of Trusses by Method of Section
Sometimes, determining the axial force in specific members of a truss system by the
method of joint can be very involving and cumbersome, especially when the system
consists of several members. In such instances, using the method of section can be
timesaving and, thus, preferable. This method involves passing an imaginary section
through the truss so that it divides the system into two parts and cuts through members
whose axial forces are desired. Member axial forces are then determined using the
conditions of equilibrium. The detailed procedure for analysis by this method is presented
below.
Procedure for Analysis of Trusses by Method of Section
Check the stability and determinacy of the structure. If the truss is stable
and determinate, then proceed to the next step
Determine the support reactions in the truss.
Make an imaginary cut through the structure so that it includes the members
whose axial forces are desired. The imaginary cut divides the truss into two
parts.
Apply forces to each part of the truss to keep it in equilibrium.
Select either part of the truss for the determination of member forces.
Apply the conditions of equilibrium to determine the member axial forces.
Example: Using the method of section, determine the axial forces in members CD, CG,
and HG of the truss shown in the figure.

Static determinacy: 𝑚 = 13, 𝑗 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 3; 𝑚 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗

Support Reactions
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐹𝑦 9 − 80 3 − 80 6 = 0 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐹𝑦 − 80 − 80 = 0
𝐹𝑦 = 80 𝑘𝑁 𝐴𝑦 = 80 𝑘𝑁

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 0
𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝐻𝐺 𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝐷𝐶 𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝐺𝐶

+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

80 − 80 + 𝐹𝐶𝐺 𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 0
𝐹𝐶𝐺 = 0

C G

−80 3 + 𝐹𝐻𝐺 3 = 0 80 3 + 𝐹𝐷𝐶 3 = 0

𝐹𝐻𝐺 = 80 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇) 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = −80 𝑘𝑁; 80 𝑘𝑁(𝐶)
ACTIVITY 4
1. Determine the force in each member of the trusses shown below using
the method of joint.

Truss 1 Truss 2

Truss 3
2. Using the method of section, determine the forces in the members
marked X of the trusses shown in

Truss 4

Truss 5
 CABLES AND ARCHES
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
To determine the internal loadings in cables subjected to a
concentrated load, to a uniformly distributed load, and due to
their weight.

To show how to analyze a three-hinged arch and provide

some insight regarding the fundamental behavior of all
arched structures.
 CABLES
Cables are often used in engineering structures for support and to
transmit loads from one member to another. When used to support
suspension roofs, bridges, and trolley wheels, cables form the main load-
carrying element in the structure. In the force analysis of such systems, the
weight of the cable itself may be neglected.
Two cases will be considered in the sections that follow: a cable
subjected to concentrated loads and a cable subjected to a distributed load.
Provided these loadings are coplanar with the cable, the requirements for
equilibrium are formulated in an identical manner.
When deriving the necessary relations between the force in the cable
and its slope, we will make the assumption that the cable is perfectly flexible
and inextensible. Due to its flexibility, the cable offers no resistance to shear
or bending and, therefore, the force acting in the cable is always tangent to
the cable at points along its length. Being inextensible, the cable has a
constant length both before and after the load is applied. As a result, once
the load is applied, the geometry of the cable remains fixed, and the cable or
a segment of it can be treated as a rigid body.
CABLES SUBJECTED TO CONCENTRATED LOADS

When a cable of negligible weight supports several concentrated loads, the cable takes the
form of several straight-line segments, each of which is subjected to a constant tensile force.
Consider, for example, the cable shown in the figure:

In the figure, 𝜃 specifies the angle of the cable’s cord AB, and L is the cable’s span. If the distances
𝐿1 , 𝐿2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿3 and the loads 𝑃1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃2 are known, then the problem is to determine the nine
unknowns consisting of the tension in each of the three segments, the four components of reaction
at A and B, and the sags 𝑦𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝐷 at the two points C and D.
For the solution we can write two equations of force equilibrium at each of points A, B, C, and D. This
results in a total of eight equations. To complete the solution, it will be necessary to know something
about the geometry of the cable in order to obtain the necessary ninth equation.
Example. A cable supports two concentrated loads at B and C, as shown
in the figure. Determine the sag at B, the tension in the
cable, and the length of the cable.
Support reactions. The reactions of the cable are determined by applying the equations of
equilibrium to the free-body diagram of the cable shown.
To solve 𝐴𝑋 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝐵𝐶
A
−100 2 − 80 10 + 13𝐷𝑦 = 0 𝑻𝑪𝑫

𝐷𝑦 = 76.92 𝑘𝑁 ↑
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝑦 + 76.92 − 100 − 80 = 0
C
𝐴𝑦 = 103.08 𝑘𝑁 ↑ +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐴𝑥 10 + 100 8 − 103.08(10) = 0
𝐴𝑥 = 23.08 𝑘𝑁 𝑫𝒙 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵
Sag at B. The sag at point B of the cable is determined by taking the moment
about B, as shown in the free-body diagram

Tensions at the cables

𝑹𝑫
𝑹𝑨

B
−𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐴𝑥 𝑦𝐵 = 0 𝑅𝐴 = 𝑇𝐴 = 𝑇𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐴𝑥 2
𝐴𝑦 (2) 𝑇𝐴𝐵 = (103.08)2 +(23.08)2
𝑦𝐵 =
𝐴𝑥 𝑇𝐴𝐵 = 105.63 𝑘𝑁
103.08(2)
𝑦𝐵 =
23.08 𝑅𝐷 = 𝑇𝐷 = 𝑇𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 2

𝒚𝑩 = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟑 𝒎 𝑇𝐷𝐶 = (76.92)2 +(23.08)2

𝑇𝐷𝐶 = 80.31 𝑘𝑁
 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝐵

= 𝟖𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝒌𝑵

𝑦𝐵 = 8.93 𝑚

ℎ = 1.07 𝑚 𝜽𝑪𝑫
𝜽𝑪𝑩 7.62°

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
1.07 −𝑇𝐶𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠7.62° + 80.31𝑐𝑜𝑠73.3°
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝐶𝐵 =
8 𝑻𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟖𝒌𝑵
𝜃𝐶𝐵 = 7.62°
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
10
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝐶𝐷 =
3 𝐿= 8.932 + 22 + 1.072 + 82 + 32 + 102
𝜃𝐶𝐷 = 73.3°
𝐿 = 27.66 𝑚
Example 2. Determine the tension in each segment of the cable as shown.
Also, what is the dimension h?

5
4
3

Solution:

3 4
𝑇𝐶𝐷 2 + 𝑇𝐶𝐷 5.5 − 3 2 − 8 4 = 0
5 5

𝑻𝑪𝑫 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵
At point C At point B

+→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 +→ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

3 −𝑇𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐵𝐴 + 4.82𝑐𝑜𝑠32.3° = 0

6.79 − 𝑇𝐵𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 0
5 𝑇𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐵𝐴 = 4.07 → 𝑒𝑞3
𝑇𝐵𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 4.07 → 𝑒𝑞1
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
+↑ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑇𝐵𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐴 − 3 − 4.82𝑠𝑖𝑛32.3 = 0
4
6.79 − 8 + 𝑇𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 0
5 𝑇𝐵𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐴 = 5.58 → 𝑒𝑞4
𝑇𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 2.57 → 𝑒𝑞2
𝜃𝐵𝐴 = 53.8°
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞2 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑞1
𝑻𝑩𝑨 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵
2.57
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐶 = ; 𝜃 = 32.3° Solving for h
4.07 𝐵𝐶 ℎ
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝐵𝐴 =
𝑻𝑩𝑪 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑵 2
𝒉 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 𝒎