Natural Resources - SOIL

NATURAL
RESOURCES
NATURAL
RESOURCES
Water Soil Forest Air

Soil Formation Soil Pollution
Soil Composition Conclusion
Minerals in Soil
MINERALS IN SOIL
SOIL
AND
FORMATION
SOIL POLLUTION
SOIL FORMATION
Soil is the thin layer of loose material
covering the earth’s surface. It is
composed of both organic and inorganic
materials. The formation of soil is an
extremely long process taking up to an
average of a thousand years. Soil is formed
when surface rocks break into several
smaller particles, called regolith, which
then gets mixed with varied organic
matter. This whole process is
called Weathering. So weathering
happens through three major ways,
namely,
Biological
Weathering
Physical Chemical
Weathering Weathering
MINERALS
SOILIN SOIL
AND
COMPOSITION
SOIL POLLUTION
SOIL COMPOSITION
Soil is essential a mix of various particles and substances.
So let us have a look at all the things that make up soil,
Minerals Humus is the

Living Water and air form a
part of the soil and
allow living organisms
organic substances
Organisms
A very important to perform their
that are formed due functions. They also
substance found in to decomposition of help in the process of
soil. Minerals dead and photosynthesis.
basically formed by decomposing plants
the break down of and animals. It lends These are mostly
Water
large rocks. Some of the soil its fertility. microbes and other
the most common organisms (such as
worms, bacteria, fungi
Humus
minerals found in
etc.) that live in the
soil are, Iron, soil and perform the
and Air
Potassium, decomposition of
Magnesium, animals and plants
Calcium, Sulphur that gives the soil
etc. humus.
MINERALS IN SOIL
MINERALS
AND
RICHES IN SOIL
SOIL POLLUTION
MINERALS RICHES IN SOIL
As we have seen above, soil is a
mixture of various components.
Now let us explore the
importance of the minerals
present in the soil. Minerals are
the largest component in the
soil, making up almost 40% to
45% of the total components.
The minerals in the soil are
classified into two categories,
namely,
Primary minerals Secondary minerals
These are minerals These are minerals formed
which have not been as a result of weathering
chemically altered of Primary Minerals.
since deposition. They Secondary minerals are
are same or similar to mainly found in fine silt or
their parent materials. clay. The particle size of
Often these materials these minerals is much
are bigger in size and smaller, due to the
irregular in shape. weathering process. These
These primary minerals minerals have a large
are usually found in surface area that helps
sand and silt. them retain moisture.
Feldspars Micas
Primary Minerals
Quartz: Hornblende’ and Actinolite

gypsum (CaSO4. calcite (CaCO3)
2H2O)
Secondary Minerals
magnetite dolomite
(MgCO3) (CaCO3. MgCO3)
SOIL POLLUTION:
MINERALS IN SOIL
PREVENTION &
AND
SOIL POLLUTION
CAUSES
SOIL POLLUTION
When soil and its profile is

altered by either removal of
essential materials or
addition of pollutants, which
results in the reduction of
the productivity or fertility of
soil, it is called Soil Pollution.
Factors that causes
Soil Pollution
Industrial Waste Acid Rain
Radioactive Waste
Manmade efforts Agricultural Waste
Prevention of Soil Pollution
1 ) Soi l er osi on c a n b e r e d u c e d b y m a n y a g r i c u l t u r a l
and farm activities. There are many practices that
can be followed to reduce erosion, such as
To avoid the topsoil being washed away we should
plant more trees
Reduce deforestation and commercial exploitation
of forests
Replace chemical fertilizers in farming with natural
manure
2) Proper disposal of waste material . Instead of dumping
waste material without treating it, we should take up the
practice of separation and treatment of waste materials,
ensuring that they do not harm the environment,
3) A great alternative to the standard
commercial chemical fertilizers is
biofertilizers. As opposed to chemical
fertilizers they do not leach harmful acidic
chemicals into the soil.
4) Reuse, Recycle & Reduce: This is regarding non -
biodegradable materials, such as plastics, metals, glass
etc. If we follow the reuse, recycle and reduce policy it will
have a huge impact on our waste production and a very
positive impact on the environment, reducing various
kinds of pollution including soil pollution.
Hopefully, this presentation has helped
you understand the significance of soil in
our atmosphere, and the importance of
minerals in the soil. By following these
practices let us ensure that these minerals
stay in the soil, and we greatly reduce the
erosion and pollution of soil.

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NATURAL

Water Soil Forest Air

Soil Composition Conclusion

Minerals Humus is the

Quartz: Hornblende’ and Actinolite

When soil and its profile is

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