6-Muscles of The Back

“The more we do, the more
we can do”
-William Hazlitt
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, students should be
able to:
 Distinguish between the different groups of back
muscles.
 Compare between groups of back muscles as regard
their nerve supply and action.
 List the back muscles of each group.
 Describe the attachments of each muscle of the
superficial group, as well as, its nerve supply and action.
 Describe the triangles of back and their clinical
significance.
Groups of Back Muscles
They are organized into 3
groups:  Intrinsic muscles:
Deep group: Attached to &  Develop in the back
involved in the movement of  Located within or
situated deeper in a
vertebral column & head. structure
 Supplied by posterior
rami of spinal nerves
Intermediate group:
Attached to ribs & serve
respiratory functions.  Extrinsic muscles:
 Not developed in the back
(but will later migrate to the
back after development)
 Superficially on a structure
Superficial group: Attached  Supplied by anterior rami of
to & involved in the spinal nerves.
movements of upper limb.
Extra slide
Not included in
original slides
 Intrinsic muscles:
A group of muscles
located within or
situated deeper in a
structure
 Extrinsic muscles:
A group of muscles lying
superficially on a
structure.
Picture shows Anterior and posterior Rami
DEEP GROUP OF BACK MUSCLES
• They extend from sacrum to the base of the skull.
• They include extensors and rotators of head &

vertebral column.
• Their tone is responsible for maintenance of

normal curve of vertebral column. 3
‫(يعني شدة هذه العضالت هي اللي تبقي على انحراف العمود الفقري حتى‬
). ‫عند الراحة‬
2
1
• The largest muscle of this group is “erector

spinae” which is formed of 3 vertical columns
(from lateral to medial):
1. Iliocostalis
2. Longissimus
3. Spinalis
Intermediate Group Of Back Muscles
 It is separated from the deep group by 1

thoracolumbar fascia.
1) *Serratus posterior superior (rib *elevator).

2) Serratus posterior inferior (rib *depressor).
 Nerve supply: anterior rami of thoracic spinal

nerves.
2
Serratus: ‫شكل ِمنشاري‬ Elevator:‫يرفع لفوق‬

Depressor: ‫ينزل تحت‬
Superficial Group Of Back Muscles
 Muscles connecting vertebral column to scapula

(move scapula through shoulder girdle joints):
1) *Levator scapulae. 2 1
2) *Rhomboid minor. 3
3) Rhomboid major. 4
4) Trapezius.
 Muscle connecting vertebral column to humerus

(moves humerus through shoulder joint):
1) Latissimus dorsi.
*Levator: ‫را ِف َعة‬. *Rhomboid: ‫معيني‬.

TRAPEZIUS
Origin: Spines of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle + acromion & spine of scapula.
Action: rotation of scapula during abduction of humerus above

horizontal.
Insertion
Trapeius is made up of 3 group fibers Origin
Upper fibers
Lower fibers Middle fibers
elevate
depress scapula retract scapula
scapula.
Nerve supply: Spinal part of

accessory (11th cranial) nerve.
LEVATOR SCAPULAE and RHOMBOID MINOR & MAJOR
Origin:
1. Levator scapulae: cervical transverse processes
2. Rhomboid minor & major: thoracic spines
Insertion: Medial border of scapula Insertion
Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve.
Actions:
1. Levator scapulae: elevates scapula.
2. Rhomboid Major & Minor: retract scapula
LATISSIMUS DORSI
Origin: Spines of thoracic
vertebrae.
Insertion: Bicipital groove of

humerus.
Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal

nerve.
Insertion
Actions: extension, adduction Origin

& medial rotation of humerus
(arm, shoulder joint).
MUSCULAR TRIANGLES OF
BACK Trapezius
Auscultatory Triangle:
1. Site on back where breath sounds are
most easily heard with a stethoscope.
2. Boundaries:
A)latissimus dorsi
B)trapezius
C)medial border of scapula
Latissimus
dorsi
Lumbar Triangle:
1. Site where pus may emerge from the
abdominal wall.(Or site of an abdominal
hernia).
2. Boundaries :
A) latissimus dorsi
B) Posterior border of external oblique
muscle of the abdomen
C) iliac crest.
Muscles Muscles Types of
Groups of back
Trapezius Serratus back muscles
posterior
superior
muscles
Rhomboid major
Serratus Intermediate Intrinsic muscle
posterior group Next
inferior slide
Rhomboid
minor
Sets of
Levator scapulae muscles
Vertebral
column to Extrinsic muscles
Scapula Superficial
group
Vertebral
Latissimus dorsi column to
Humerus
Groups of Types of
Muscles
back muscles back muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus Erector spinae Deep group Intrinsic muscles
Spinalis
Video: Deep & Intermediate
Video: Superficial Muscles
Muscles
https://www.youtube.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch
watch?v=JAdpqjaFU0s
?v=-oxY2Duc-0c
Website : Website:
MedicalMnemonics.com http://www.innerbody.com/ima
ge/musfov.html
Quiz: https://www.onlineexambuilder.com/anatomy/exam-48037
Group (2) Leader:
Abdullah Al-Taweel
Group(2) members:
Fawzan Alotaibi Bodour Julaidan
Abdulllah Alghezi
Badr Alshehri
Meshal Alhazmi
Fahd Alfahd
Abdulaziz Almalki
Abdulmajeed Alotaibi
Mohammad Alamri
Moayyad Alyoussef
Editing Team (boys):

Khaled Al Jedia Rawhdan Al Nahdi Abdulwahab Sanari

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“The more we do, the more

• They include extensors and rotators of head &

• Their tone is responsible for maintenance of

• The largest muscle of this group is “erector

 It is separated from the deep group by 1

1) *Serratus posterior superior (rib *elevator).

 Nerve supply: anterior rami of thoracic spinal

Serratus: ‫شكل ِمنشاري‬ Elevator:‫يرفع لفوق‬

 Muscles connecting vertebral column to scapula

 Muscle connecting vertebral column to humerus

*Levator: ‫را ِف َعة‬. *Rhomboid: ‫معيني‬.

Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle + acromion & spine of scapula.

Action: rotation of scapula during abduction of humerus above

Trapeius is made up of 3 group fibers Origin

Nerve supply: Spinal part of

Insertion: Medial border of scapula Insertion

Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve.

Insertion: Bicipital groove of

Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal

Actions: extension, adduction Origin

Longissimus Erector spinae Deep group Intrinsic muscles

Editing Team (boys):

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1) Serratus posterior superior (rib elevator).

Levator: ‫را ِف َعة‬. Rhomboid: ‫معيني‬.