PERSPECTIVE IN PHARMACY TERM 3

DRUG DOSAGE FORM

Drug- any article intended to use in diagnosis, mitigation, cure, Types of Tablets
treatment, and/or prevention in man and/or animals. 1. Tablets for Oral Ingestions
- affects the structure and function of the body. a. Compressed tablets- some are scored.
Ex. Diclofenac Potassium tablets.
Excipients- inactive components of the drug product. b. Multiple compressed tablets
- make drugs more appealing and efficacious.  Layered tablet- compression against a
tablet.
Dosage Forms- drug product containing API and excipients. Ex. Neozep, Alaxan
 Compression coated tablet- compression
Placebo- a dosage forms without API. around a tablet.
c. Coated tablets-
Drug Delivery Systems- drug products that allow for the uniform  Sugar coated tablets- coated with
release and targeting of drugs into the body. sucrose-based solution
- bulky
Reasons for formulating Dosage Forms: Ex. Poteen-cee® sugar coated tablets
1. Appearance  Film-coated tablets- coated with a thin
2. Palatability (taste) layer of polymer.
3. Ease of Administration Ex. Erythromycin tablet, Valsartan tablet
4. Solubility  Enteric-coated tablets- remains in the
5. Stability stomach but disintegrate in the small
intestine.
Ex. PPIs
TYPES OF DOSAGE FORMS d. Effervescent tablet- designed to dissolve
in water and release carbon dioxide.
 SOLID DOSAGE FORMS Ex. Fluimucil®, Berroca®
1. POWDERS
- intimate mixture of finely divided drug chemicals in 2. Tablets for Oral Cavity
dry forms. a. Chewable tablets- chewed first before swallowing
- do not contain disintegrants
Ex. Kremil-s®, Ceelin-Plus®
b. Buccal tablets- dissolve slowly in the buccal
cavity(cheek) for systemic absorption.
Ex. Progesterone tablet
c. Sublingual tablet- dissolve rapidly under the
tongue for systemic absorption.
Ex. Catapres®
Examples: d. Lozenges- hard candies that dissolve slowly in
1. Powder for reconstitutions the mouth for local absorption.
2. Zinc sulfate powders Ex. Strepsils®, Difflam®

Types of powder paper

a. White bond paper- opaque paper with no moisture 4. CAPSULES
resistance. - Solid dosage forms in which the drug is enclosed with
b. Glassine- glazed, transparent moisture-resistant paper. hard or soft soluble shell, usually made of gelatin.
c. Vegetable parchment- thin semi-opaque, moisture- Types of Tablets
resistant paper 1. Hard Gelatin Capsules
d. Waxed- transparent waterproof paper suitable for - two- piece capsules
deliquescent and hygroscopic drugs. - dry-filled capsules

2. GRANULES
- prepared agglomerates of powders
Effervescent granules- moisture sensitive and heat -
labile drugs.

Method used: PUNCH METHOD

Ex. Mefenamic acid, Amoxicillin, Carbocisteine
Capsule sizes: 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
000-largest, 5-smallest

Examples: Fluimucil® granules 2. Soft Gelatin Capsules

- one-piece filled capsules
3. TABLETS - contain non-aqueous liquids
- solid dosage forms that are prepared by compression or
molding.

Ex. Advil®, Myra-E®

 PERSPECTIVE IN PHARMACY TERM 3
DRUG DOSAGE FORM
 LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS
1. SYRUPS 6. ASTRINGENTS
- concentrated or nearly saturated aqueous - locally-applied solutions used to precipitate
solutions of sucrose or sugars that contains API. proteins and cause constriction of the skin.

Ex. Paracetamol syrup

Ex. RDL®, Maxipeel®, Clean and Clear®
2. SUSPENSIONS
- liquid preparation that contains solid drug 7. ENEMAS
dispersed throughout a liquid in vehicle. -rectal solutions.

Ex. Antibiotics, Maalox® Ex. Fleet®

3. EMULSIONS 8. ANTIBACTERIAL TOPICAL SOLUTIONS

- combination of 2-immiscible liquids, one of a. Hydrogen peroxide Topical Solution
which is dispersed throughout the other liquids. - Agua Oxinada
b. Povidone iodine topical solution
- Betadine®
c. Thimerosal Topical Solution
-Old Merthiolate
-New Merthiolate—Benzalconium Chloride

Ex. Scotts®

4. GARGLES
- used for treating pharynx and the nasopharynx
by forcing air from the lungs through the soln
held in the throat.

 TRANSDERMAL DDS
- controlled-release DDS or patches that allow the passage
of drugs from the skin to the systemic circulation.
Ex. Transderm Scop®
Catapres-TTS®
Nicoderm®
Ex. Bactidol®, Betadine®

5. DOUCHE
- used a cleansing agent or antiseptic for body
cavities.

Ex. Betadine® douche

 PERSPECTIVE IN PHARMACY TERM 3
DRUG DOSAGE FORM

 STERILE DOSAGE FORMS

- are pharmaceutical dosage forms that must be free from  INSERTS
contamination because they bypass the body’s usual 1. SUPPOSITORIES
defenses against infection. - solid masses inserted into a body cavity in w/c
- The manufacture of sterile dosage forms is highly they will melt at body temperature or dissolve into the
regulated and requires specialized equipment and aqueous secretions of the body orifice.
protocols. TYPES:
1. Rectal
A. PARENTERALS 2. Vaginal- aka Pessaries
- are sterile solutions or suspension of drug in 3. Urethral- Bougies
aqueous or oily vehicle.
- are administered directly in to the veins,
muscles or under the skin, or more specialized
tissues as spinal cord.

1. AMPULES
- a hermitically sealed small glass vessel that is
used to hold a solution for especially hypodermic injection.

Ex. Dulcolax®

2. VIALS
- a very small glass bottle that is used to hold
medicines in the form of liquids, powders or capsules.

3. ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
- Water—WFI, SWFI, BWFI
- Injections—NSS, DSW, D5LR, Ringer’s Solution,
Amino Acid Solution, etc.