WRITING ACADEMIC SENTENCES

FANBOYS = FOR- AND - NOR- BUT - OR - YET -SO

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Choose the best written paragraph

Rosa Parks is a famous American African-American woman. She is often called "the
mother of the civil rights movement.” She was born into a poor but hardworking
African-American family in Alabama. She ignited the civil rights movement in the
United States. This movement changed U.S. society forever by helping African-
American people attain equal rights under the law.
Parks became famous quite by accident. One day in 1955, on her way home from
her job in a Montgomery, Alabama, department store, she boarded a city bus with
three other African-Americans. They sat in the fifth row, and it was the first row
African-Americans were allowed to sit in. A few stops later, the front four rows filled
up, and a white man was left standing.
According to the laws of that time, African-Americans had to give up their seats to
whites, so the bus driver asked Parks and the three other African-Americans to get
up and move. Although the others complied, Parks refused. She later said that she
was not tired from work, but tired of being treated like a second-class citizen. The
bus driver called the police, who arrested Parks and took her away in handcuffs.
Parks then was brought to court.

I. Writing complex sentences

Ngắ n

Độ dà i câ u

Dà i

1.Same subjects

A: Students receive history education

B: they are proud of their country.

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 - rút gọn: Receiving education, students are proud of their country>

- S + V1 AND V2: Students receive history education AND are proud of their
country.

- By + Ving (nguyên nhâ n): By receiving history edu, students are proud of there
country.

- With + N (nguyên nhâ n), S + V + O

- (nguyên nhâ n, kết quả ) With + S + PI (chủ độ ng) / PII (bị độ ng) + O, S + V + O

With students receiving history education, they are proud…

PRACTICE 1
1. Charges for entering city centres will be introduced shortly. The charges will raise
the cost of motoring.
2. The local authority is knocking down old tower blocks. The local authority wants
to improve the area.

3. The fares have risen substantially over recent years, The fares put people off
public transport.

4. Companies need to play on their strengths. Companies need to put more effort
into successful areas. Companies need to reduce investment in failing ventures

2. Different subjects

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Relationship Linking structure – cấu trúc nối => A, B Linking words – từ nối => A,
ngắ n , đưa A, B về 1 câ u B vẫ n ở 2 câ u nhưng rõ mố i
quan hệ về nghĩa . Từ nố i có
thể đứ ng linh hoạ t

A => B Because/ since/ As A , B Therefore, thus

Thanks to/ due to N(A), B As a result
If/ When A, B Consequently
So adj- adv/ such + N that Hence
. Therefore, he can …
A, which enables/ allows sb to do (+) . He, therefore, can…
A, which prevents sb from doing
A, which causes sb to do (-, trung lậ p)
A, which leads to/results in N (B)
A, thereby causing/ enabling/ leading to

A><B Although / Even though However, Nevertheless,

In spite of
Despite
While/ Whereas

A B same N Who – which- that X

A or B Unless Otherwise

A and B And Moreover, Furthermore

A time B When, After, Before Next, After that

A purpose So that = in order that In this way, …

B By this means,

A: Students receive education for free

B: their motivation for study can decrease

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PRACTICE 2 Combine the sentences using the word in brackets

1. John consumed an excessive amount of fast food. John became obese. (lead to)

2. Mary has a great sense of humour. Mary is easy to get on with. (having)

3. Laila is an intelligent and hard-working student. Laila passes exams easily. (such)

4. Some children have uncontrollable access to the Internet. They may suffer from Internet
addiction disorder. (with)

5. Cigarettes contain a substantial amount of toxins such as nicotine and amonia. Smokers
are highly likely to be diagnosed with lung cancer. (that)

6. Fatty and sugar-rich food are being consumed on a large scale. Diabetes, high cholesterol,
heart and respiratory problems are on the rise. (consumption).

7. The glaciers began to melt. The land bridge between Asia and North America became
flooded. (with)

8. Non-renewable resources are being exploited excessively. Scientists have urged

Governments to use substitution of renewable resources and impose strict restrictions on
the volume of non-renewable substances’ used. (exploitation)

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9. Many people say that the invention of social media is among the greatest ones of the
universe. People have been able to connect with each other and also keep up to date with
the lives of their significant other. (which)

10. Lower income groups of people consume more fast food than wealthier people. Fast
food is far cheaper than fresh produce. (causes)

PRACTICE 3: Combine these sentences in 3 different manners

1. South Korea is becoming an economic superpower.
It is a small country with few natural resources.

2. Scientists know why earthquakes happen.

They are still not able to predict them.

3. Smokers claim the right to smoke in public places.

Nonsmokers claim the right to breathe clean air.

4. Nuclear accidents can happen.

Nuclear power plants must have strict safety controls.

5. Solar heating systems are economical to operate.

The cost of installation is very high.
6. Burning fossil fuels causes serious damage to our planet.
We need to develop other sources of energy.

II. Writing compound- complex sentences

A: The government invests in free education

B: More students can access education.

C: The labor force becomes more qualified.

D: social productivity could be enhanced.

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PRACTICE 4

Combine the following sentences

A-1. Sports has a wide range of benefits.

2. It encourages people from different cultures to come into contact with each other

3. When people come into contact, the barriers between countries break down.

4. When people come into contact, international cooperation is tightened.

5. Amateur sports meeting between schools and universities in different parts of the world.

6, Many countries arrange contacts

7. People at different levels in their societies develop closer bonds.

8. They develop cultural exchanges or trade links.

9. It is obviously of mutual benefit to all concerned

PRACTICE 5: COMBINE THE FOLLOWING INTO ONE SENTENCES

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1. The government had plans to boost voting in elections. The plans were announced last
week. The plans were announced by the Home Office Minister. He made the
announcement immediately after he took up office.

2. Countries with a large proportion of young adults may experience problems related to
employment. There is intense competition for jobs. Young adults are forced to migrate
abroad in search of work

3. People living by themselves can become isolated and lonely. They live without the daily
support. A family can provide that support.

4. Reduction in vehicle quantity on roads probably enables reduction in carbon footprints.

Carbon footprints is a major contributor to polluted atmosphere. There can be more
green spaces in urban areas.

5. Local authorities should encourage a greater sense of community. New building

developments have social spaces. They should ensure this. People can meet each other
regularly there.