E11 REVIEW UNIT 8 & 9 – READING 21-4

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Would you like to learn to rock climb? Or spend time working at an animal sanctuary? That's
(1)________ Andrea Black and Jenny Smith are doing as part of their Duke of Edinburgh Award
programme. The award encourages young people to do (2)________ cultural, social and adventure
activities in their (3)________ time. The Queen's husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, started the award
in 1956. He started it (4)________ he wanted young people to learn to help themselves and other
people.
The award is for people aged 14-25, and there are three levels: Bronze, for those aged 14 or over,
Silver for over 15s, and Gold for over 16s. You have to complete four activities to (5)________ the
award:
– go on an (6)________ (e.g. hiking, kayaking or climbing)
– learn a new practical or social skill (anything from painting to podcasting!)
– take (7)________ a physical challenge (e.g. learn or improve at a sport)
– do (8)________ work helping people or the environment (e.g. work with disabled or elderly people,
or (9)________ money for a charity).
Young people usually do the award at a Duke of Edinburgh club at their school or at a local
(10)________ group. They (11)________ what they are going to do, and write a plan. It usually takes
(12)________ one and three years to finish an award.
1. A. what B. why C. which D. when
2. A. excited B. exciting C. excitement D. excite
3. A. idle B. journey C. waiting D. free
4. A. therefore B. but C. because D. if
5. A. compete B. accept C. realize D. achieve
6. A. expenditure B. expense C. expedition D. expect
7. A. on B. in C. away D. after
8. A. volunteer B. voluntary C. volunteering D. volunteered
9. A. lift B. increase C. raise D. advance
10. A. youth B. young C. immature D. immaturity
11. A. decide B. are deciding C. decided D. had decided
12. A. from B. in C. during D. between
Exercise 2. . Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Bullying and cyberbullying threaten students' physical and emotional safety and can (1) ____
their social and academic success at school.
In a 2019 survey about bullying, about 22 percent of students aged 12-18 reported having been
(2)________ at school. The survey also found that close to 16 percent of students in grades 9-12
reported being electronically bullied during the previous 12 months. Bullying is associated with
(3)________ outcomes for those who are bullied, including substance use, suicide, or impacts on
physical and mental health.
Everyone at school can work together to create an environment where bullying is not
(4)________. Local authorities and schools should adopt policies to help prevent bullying and
cyberbullying. Procedures for monitoring student behavior at school and online can help schools
(5)________ at-risk behaviors and provide interventions before they create safety issues.
(Adapted from https:www.schoolsafety.gov)
1. A. impact B. encourage C. develop D. discover
2. A. tested B. bullied C. created D. told
3. A. wonderful B. positive C. negative D. promising
4. A. safe B. problematic C. promised D. acceptable
5. A. identify B. create C. sell D. raise
Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
When teens want to live independently, they need to develop (1) ________ skills for themselves.
First, they need to know how to do their own laundry. A good way to care for their clothes is to break
things down into steps, (2) ________ sorting dirty clothes, washing, folding to storing them after
they're dry.
Second, they need to be able to manage a budget. This may be not easy for those who have
(3)________ with math. There are lots of apps that can help with money management and budgets.
Third, preparing and storing food safely is (4) ________ to good health. They need to know how to
plan meals in advance and how to shop for groceries. This includes buying items that will last a few
days or longer. It also includes knowing which foods can't be stored for very long.
Fourth, they have to know how to get around town. Teens who plan on using public transportation
should practice taking the bus. Those who drive also need to understand directions. It's also important
to know when and (5) ________ to fill the gas tank and how much gas costs. Their budget should
also account for motorbike care, such as repairs and oil changes.
Independent living is a serious decision. It's important that both parents and teens feel ready for this
step.
(Adapted from https://www.understood.org)
1. A. care B. life C. study D. work
2. A. about B. for C. from D. to
3. A. difficulty B. hardship C. lesson D. struggle
4. A. balanced B. nutrient C. next D vital
5. A. what B. who C. where D. which
Exercise 4. . Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The generation gap refers to the difference in attitudes or behavior between a younger
generation and the older one. In my opinion, different attitudes towards life different views about
certain problems, and ,(1)________.
The first factor is that parents and children generally see things from different perspectives.
Choosing a career is a good example for this. Many parents try to impose certain careers they favor
on their children, (2)________ . However, young people don’t always understand their parents’
points of views. Instead, they prefer to be free to make (3)________ on their future career. Another
factor lies in differences in musical tastes, fashion, and (4)________ . For example, having a pierced
nose might be viewed as fashionable by some teens, but for many parents, it is considered to be an act
of rebellion against social norms.
 The major factor (5)________ is lack of communication between parents and their children.
Parents tend to be dominant and not to trust their children to deal with crises. Also, they keep talking
too much about certain problems. That is the reason why young people seldom reveal their feelings to
their parents. (6)________, young people prefer to seek help from their classmates or friends.
(Source: https://www.sachmem.vn/trial/books/32/exercises)
1. A. a lack of communication can cause a generation gap in most societies.
B. a lack of communication causing a generation gap in most societies.
C. a lack of communication caused a generation gap in most societies.
D. a lack of communication can be caused by a generation gap in most societies
2. A. based on their own perceptions.
B. basing on their own perceptions.
C. to base on their own perceptions.
D. having based on their own perceptions..
3. A. his own decisions B. our own decisions
C. the own decisions D. their own decisions
4. A. the young people and their parents have political views.
B. political views between young people and their parents.
C. between political views of young people and their parents.
D. views of political between young people and their parents
5. A. causing the generation gap. B. caused by the generation gap.
C. that causing the generation gap. D. which caused the generation gap.
6. A. When facing problems B. Face problems
C. To face problems D. having faced
Exercise 5. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the following questions.
Self-study is a learning method where students direct their own studying outside the classroom
and without help from teachers.
First, self-study allows students to take learning at their own pace, focusing on areas they are
most interested in. This helps reduce feelings of frustration, anxiety, or boredom that students may
struggle with in a classroom setting.
Second, self-study allows students to be able to think about the topics more deeply and make
connections between what they are learning. Exploring a topic on his or her own encourages students
to actively engage with the information. And when students are engaged and excited about what they
are learning, they're able to remember it better.
Third, self-study can boost students' self-esteem. As students do more self-study, many become
more self-motivated learners. They are able to see themselves as an independent person who is able
to learn new things without anyone helping them. This can be a major motivation boost for students.
(Adapted from https://gradepowerlearning.com/what-is-self-study/)
1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. The meaning of self-study
B. The importance of self-study
C. The benefits of self-study
D. The tips for self-study
2. Which of the followings is CLOSEST in meaning to frustration?
 A. annoyance B. engagement C. excitement D. tiredness
3. Which of the followings is CLOSEST in meaning to self-esteem?
A. communication B. confidence C. creativity D. motivation
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of self-
study?
A. Self-motivating B. Self-exploration
C. Self-discipline D. Self-pacing
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about self-study is true?
A. Self-study prevents students from thinking.
B. Self-study is done with the support of adults.
C. Self-study boosts frustration.
D. Self-study promotes concentration.
Exercise 6. Read the following passage and match the paragraphs (A-E) with the headings (1-7).
There are more headings than you need.
1. Save first, spend later
2. Balance your saving and spending
3. Set goals
4. Monitor your spending
5. Adjust your budget
6. Don't follow trends
7. Find an app
Budgeting is a real-life skill that teens can practice every day for financial success. Here are some
tips.
A - ________
If you spend more than you save, there's a chance that you might blow your budget one month
and not have anything left over to save.
B - ________
Another helpful budgeting tip is to start tracking your spending habits. By tracking your habits,
you can figure out if you can make some realistic lifestyle changes to save more. For example, if
you find yourself spending on iced coffee multiple times a week, try out a more budget-friendly
alternative like making it at home.
C - ________
If you find that your budget isn't working for you, know that you can change it to fit your needs.
If you're overspending on something that's more of a want, like clothes or entertainment, figure
out ways to cut down on these. Once you have the availability in your budget, you can feel
comfortable spending on what makes you happy.
D - ________
Keeping up with current fashion trends, you may be tempted to overspend often. Don't feel bad
about not having the latest accessories or asking your friends to hang out at the park instead of
dining out.
E - ________
Technology and social media are other resources that make budgeting fun and easy. Use an app to
budget right from your phone. Read on to the next section for more advice on budgeting for teens
from your favorite social media stars.
Exercise 7. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, or C to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
Peer-pressure is the influence that friends, people and individuals in group are capable of exerting
on their peers. Some children are able to brush it off without any issues while it negatively impacts on
other children. Sometimes adults underestimate the effects of peer pressure on their children because
they were teenagers long ago in a different time. Here are three ways in which peer-pressure can
negatively affect children.
First, due to peer pressure, children can easily adopt dangerous habits. They see what their
friends do and copy them. For example, many may develop bad habits such as alcohol consumption,
smoking, drug abuse. Technically, children know that these are not good habits to cultivate but they
are motivated by the need to feel accepted.
Second, children's academic performance is also affected by their peers. For teenagers, it is
important for them to be accepted by their peer group. This means that their peer group's approval
gets placed above that of their parents and teachers. This in turn has a direct effect on their
academics. Sometimes their academics are affected because despite being capable of performing
well, they choose not to because in the eyes of their peers it makes them look 'uncool'. Sometimes
their academics are affected because in an effort to fit in with their peer group, they place more
emphasis on being social rather than working on their academics.
Finally, negative peers also make children feel ashamed or bad about themselves and their family.
At the average school, students come from various economic backgrounds. If the students come from
poor economic backgrounds or come from a family which might not give them money to spend
extravagantly, they end up feeling bad or ashamed of themselves and their family, because in the eyes
of their peers, they are somehow 'lesser' or 'weird' individuals.
(Source: theteachersdigest.com)
1. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. some negative effects of peer pressure
B. some positive effects of peer pressure
C. causes of peer pressure and solutions
2. Why do adults sometimes underestimate the effects of peer pressure on their children?
A. Because they didn't have peer pressure.
B. Because they were teenagers in a different time.
C. Because peer pressure was not important for them.
3. Why does the author mention alcohol consumption in the text?
A. To give a reason for a bad habit
B. To show a contrasting point of view
C. To give an example of a bad habit
4. The word them in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. teenagers B. parents C. teachers
5. Who make children feel bad or ashamed of themselves and their family?
A. Children themselves B. Negative friends C. Their parents
Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
The skills needed to succeed in college are very different from those required in high school.
In addition to study skills that may be new to students, there will also be everyday living skills that
students may not have had to use before.
Students should:
– know how to handle everyday living skills such as doing laundry, paying bills, balancing a
checkbook, cooking, getting the oil changed in the car, etc.
– be familiar and compliant with medical needs concerning medication and health problems. If
ongoing medical and/or psychological treatment is needed, arrangements should be made in advance
to continue that care while the student is away at college.
– understand that the environmental, academic, and social structure provided by parents and teachers
will not be in place in college. With this lack of structure comes an increased need for responsibility
in decision-making and goal-setting.
– know how to interact appropriately with instructors, college staff, roommates, and peers.
Appropriate social interaction and communication are essential at the college level of education.
– be comfortable asking for help when needed. The transition from high school to college can be
overwhelming socially and academically. Students should know when they need help and should be
able to reach out and ask for that help.
1. According to the writer, if students want to have medical treatment, they should________.
A. be away B. be familiar with medical needs
C. make arrangements D. meet their parents
2. The word “ongoing" is closest in meaning to________.
A. continuing B. short-term C. brief D. little
3. College students should be aware that________.
A. everything in college will be different B. parents and teachers are not in college
C. structures must be provided by parents D. structures must be provided by teachers
4. Which of the following is NOT true about college life?
A. It is essential to have good communication skills.
B. Students must be responsible for their own decisions.
C. Students should know some living skills. D. Students should not ask for help.
5. The word “overwhelming” is closest in meaning to________.
A. simple B. confusing C. manageable D. easy
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
ARE TRADITIONAL WAYS OF LEARNING THE BEST?
Read about some alternative schools of thought…
One school in Hampshire, UK, offers 24-hour teaching. The children can decide when or if
they come to school. The school is open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., for 364 days a year and provides
online teaching throughout the night. The idea is that pupils don't have to come to school and they
can decide when they want to study. Cheryl Heron, the head teacher, said “Some students learn better
at night. Some students learn better in the morning.” Cheryl believes that if children are bored, they
will not come to school. “Why must teaching only be conducted in a classroom? You can teach a
child without him ever coming to school.”
Steiner schools encourage creativity and free thinking so children can study art, music and
gardening as well as science and history. They don’t have to learn to read and write at an early age.
At some Steiner schools the teachers can’t use textbooks. They talk to the children, who learn by
listening. Every morning the children have to go to special music and movement classes called
“eurhythmy”, which help them learn to concentrate. Very young children learn foreign languages
through music and song. Another difference from traditional schools is that at Steiner schools you
don't have to do any tests or exams.
A child learning music with the Suzuki method has to start as young as possible. Even two-
year-old children can learn to play difficult pieces of classical music, often on the violin. They do
this by watching and listening. They learn by copying, just like they learn their mother tongue. The
child has to join in, but doesn't have to get it right. “They soon learn that they mustn't stop every time
they make a mistake. They just carry on,” said one Suzuki trainer. The children have to practise for
hours every day and they give performances once a week, so they learn quickly. “The parents must be
involved too,” said the trainer, “or it just doesn't work.”
1. Which of the following is NOT true about 24-hour teaching?
A. Students can come to school from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.
B. Students can study online at night.
C. Students can choose the time to study.
D. Some students need to study in the morning and some need to study at night.
2. According to Cheryl Heron, teaching________.
A. should happen throughout the night B. is not necessarily carried out in class
C. is for children who will not come to school D. must be around the year
3. Steiner schools don't________.
A. encourage children's creativity and free thinking
B. allow teachers to teach things out of textbooks
C. teach reading and writing to young children
D. teach music to children
4. Which of the following is TRUE about Steiner schools?
A. They are different from traditional schools.
B. Young children are not taught foreign languages.
C. Students must concentrate on music.
D. Students have to do exams and tests.
5. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the third paragraph?
A. Traditional ways of teaching B. 24-hour teaching
C. Learn by listening D. Starting young
6. Students learning music with Suzuki method________.
A. must learn difficult music . B. like to learn their mother tongue
C. stop when they make mistakes D. start at an early age
7. The word “this” in paragraph 3 refers to________.
A. starting as young as possible B. the violin
C. playing difficult pieces of music D. learning their mother tongue
8. The word “involved” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.
A. engaged B. encouraging C. accepting D. rejecting
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
 A social problem can be defined as a condition that is considered undesirable by a sufficient
number of members of a specific community to constitute a group. There are, however, degrees of
social problems, ranging from the relatively trivial to those that are so serious as to call into question
the most important values of the society in question. On some there is likely to be consensus, while
others may provoke extreme debate. Nobody could claim that social problems such as murder and
traffic deaths resulting from drink driving are to be accepted as minor issues. However, it is not hard
to find examples of other social problems that divide opinion. Teenagers playing loud music in a
public park on finishing their school day obviously do not consider their behaviour unreasonable, but
it may well be considered an extremely undesirable social condition by other groups who feel they
have an equal right to enjoy the park and its facilities. Similarly, a number of non-smokers hold the
view that smoking is an undesirable social condition that should be banned or restricted in all outdoor
public areas.
Nevertheless, research indicates there are factors that determine the degree to which a
phenomenon comes to be perceived and accepted as a social problem. For example, the likelihood of
a condition being considered a social problem is much greater if the group it affects are themselves
powerful; that is, if they are figures of influence. For this reason, the problems that made life difficult
for the poor tended to escape notice until they had some impact on the rich and middle-class citizens,
for example when they became victims of crime. In the United States, the problem of drug abuse
attracted substantially more attention once it spread from the lower-class, predominantly non-white
population and began to affect the sons and daughters of the educated middle class.
(Adapted from IELTS Advantage Reading Skills)
Question 1. What is the main idea of this reading?
A. Considering a problem as a social one
B. Some commons social problems
C. Minor issues relating to society
D. Social problems in the US
Question 2. What do serious social problems raise the questions for?
A. trivial values of the society
B. important values of the society
C. traditional values of the society
D. cultural values of the society
Question 3. Which problem receives divided opinion?
A. finishing school day B. murdering
C. drink driving D. playing loud music in a public park
Question 4. Why did the author mention figures of influence?
A. to give examples for the poor group
B. to blame for the poor group
C. to give examples for the powerful group
D. to criticise the powerful group
Question 5. According to the author, life difficult for the poor tended to be trivial until they had
some impact on what?
A. the middle-class citizens B. the rich and middle-class citizens
C. the rich citizens D. the poor citizens