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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:12/December-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
REVIEW PAPER ON ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF FUEL INJECTOR
NOZZLE OF CI ENGINE
Sumit Kadu*1, Ashish Varma*2, Saurabh Rajput*3, Abhishek Junghare*4
*1,2,3,4Automobile Engineering, Saraswati College Of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
ABSTRACT
There are so many types of nozzles but convergent and divergent nozzles are most commonly used nozzles. In
thesis the convergent and divergent nozzle diameters and different fluids at different velocities. The nozzle is
used to convert chemical, thermal energy into kinetic energy. The nozzle converts low velocity, high pressure,
and high temperature gas in the combustion chamber into high velocity gas of lower pressure and temperature.
Nozzle controls rate of flow, speed, direction, mass and pressure of the stream that exhaust from them. With the
direction mass flow rates to determine the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, velocity and heat transfer
rate for fluid by CFD technique.
Keywords: Nozzle, Thermal Analysis, CFD Analysis, Finite Element Analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays the world more serious towards the care environment where all the resulting technology or new
technology that will be generated should emphasize the existence of the surrounding environment. The main
challenges are to made new diesel engines for passenger cars lie in the future emission in combustion with
costumer demand for steadily improving performance. CI engine having plus point in the improvements that
have been made up to this point and minus point is modern spray hole geometry is that they often suffer
decreasing of power output while long term operation. main part is to reduce the emission. It is amplified with
increasing temperature differential between wall and fluid. This process shows an increasing concentration of
deposit building particles near the wall. Basic mechanism is to explained the formation and removal in internal
combustion engines. These mechanisms act like independently to the location of formed deposits and of the
combustion process.
The deposits are composed to attached particles and gas consideration and absorption of gases compounds at
the cold wall promotes the formation process. At the point, the growth of the deposits is now mainly influenced
by the sticking impaction and incorporation of particles. The adsorption of gaseous components and the
chemical reaction, the removal of deposits has physical mechanism.
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The corresponding shearing stress initiate the breaking off process the soluble fraction of the deposits washed
off by solvents.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The main part of this project is to make a 3D model of the nozzle of convergent divergent nozzle changing with
different nozzle size of diameters and to Analysed the convergent divergent nozzle with different quantity of
mass flow rates to determine by using CFD technique the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, and velocity
and heat transfer rate is obtained.
 Using CAD, solid works, etc. make a 3d model of nozzle.
 Using ANSYS software for analysis convert the model into solid file.
 Thermal analysis on model of nozzle.
1) CAD: -
CAD means Computer aided design is the use of computers to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or
optimization of a design.
Designs made through CAD software are helpful in protecting products and inventions when used in patent
applications.
CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector based graphics to depict the objects of traditional
drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of designed objects.
2) FEA: -
FEA means Finite Element Analysis is a basic analysis technique for resolving and substituting complicated
problems by simpler ones, obtaining approximate solutions Finite element method being a flexible tool is used
in various industries to solve several practical engineering problems. In Finite Element method, it is feasible to
generate the relative results.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Models of nozzle using software pro-wildfire, nozzle are modelled using the given specifications and design
formula from data book. The isometric view of nozzle is given. The nozzle profile is sketched and then it is
revolved up to 360degree angle using revolve option.

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IV. CONCLUSION
Nowadays nozzles are of different varieties of sizes and shapes depending upon needs. Convergent Divergent
nozzles are one which are used commonly since using it in propellant can be heated in combustion chamber. In
this the convergent divergent nozzle changing the different diameters of nozzle and different fluids at various
different velocities. We modelled convergent divergent nozzle with changing different diameters of nozzle. By
observing the CFD analysis of CI engines nozzles the pressure, velocity, heat transfer rate and mass flow rates
values are increases by increasing the inlet velocities and decreases in the nozzle diameter. So it is concluded
the diesel engine nozzle efficiency were more when the nozzle diameter decreases.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a privilege for us to have been associated with prof. AMIT PATIL, our guide, for this project work. We have
been greatly benefited by his valuable suggestions and ideas. It is with great pleasure that we express our deep
sense of gratitude to him for his valuable guidance, constant encouragement and patience.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Taylor, C. F. (1985). The Internal-combustion Engine in Theory and Practice: Combustion, fuels,
materials, design, MIT press.
[2] MM, N. (2008). "CFD Simulation And Validation Of The In-Cylinder Within A Motored Two Stroke Si
Engine."
[3] Stone, R. (1999). "Introduction to internal combustion engines."
[4] Harrington, D. L. and J. A. Bolt (1970). Analysis and digital simulation of carburettor metering, SAE
Technical Paper.
[5] White, C., et al. (2006). "The hydrogen-fuel internal combustion engine: a technical review."
International journal of hydrogen energy 31(10): 1292-1305.
[6] Shimada, K. and T. Ichihara (2004). Fuel supply system and fuel supply method for in-cylinder direct
fuel injection engine, Google Patents.
[7] B. and L. E. Thompson (1994). Method of and conversion kit for converting an engine to hydraulically-
actuated fuel injection system, Google Patents.
[8] Zhao, F.-Q., et al. (1997). A review of mixture preparation and combustion control strategies for spark-
ignited direct-injection gasoline engines, SAE Technical Paper.
[9] Bola, B., et al. "REDUCING CO/HC EMISSIONS IN TWO STROKE TWO WHEELERS”.
[10] Iwamoto, Y., et al. (1997). Development of gasoline direct injection engine, SAE technical paper.

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

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