Level : 3as Literary streams

Unit plan
Unit 3 : Schools : Different and Alike
Theme : Education in the World: Comparing educational systems
Lesson plan 01 :

● The introduction of the unit

Sequence 01:

Lesson plan 02 : Reading text (adapted) about school dropout and illiteracy
Lesson plan 03: Grammar explorer 01 conditional type 1, 2 and 3
Lesson plan 04: Grammar explorer 02 Expressing warning (unless)
Lesson plan 05: Vocabulary and pronunciation (collocation with “school” and “education -
forming adjectives with suffixes: ive, al - syllable stress)
Lesson plan 06 : Think , pair, share writing about ways to improve our educational system

Sequence 02: Read and consider

Lesson plan 07 : Reading text (adapted) about the British educational system in comparison
to some other educational systems.
Lesson plan 08: Grammar explorer 01 Expressing similarities and differences with : like,
whereas, unlike // (comparing between the Algerian and American educational system)
Handout (lesson to be done at home) Grammar explorer 02: Comparatives and superlatives
of adjectives and adverbs.

Sequence 03: Reading and writing

Lesson plan 09: Reading and writing. Text (adapted) about violence and bullying in schools
Handout (lesson to be done at home) Grammar explorer : Reported speech

Handout (lesson to be done at home) write an expository article on the causes and effects
of examination stress on students.
Unit assessment
 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
The introduction of the unit Materials: Pictures / worksheets
Time allowance: 20 minutes
Competency: Interacting orally Function: Interpreting

Intermediate objective:
a. To introduce the theme of Education by interacting with students using the pictures as starters.
b. To introduce the most used vocabulary words related to theme of the unit
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
T interacts with lrs using different pictures and questions:
Task 01

To introduce
the theme of 10
the unit. min

To elicit ideas
related to
education and
educational
1- T asks learners the following questions : systems
- What do the pictures represent in general?
- What does the second picture represent? What is the
difference between online learning and classroom
learning? Which one is the most common in your country?
- What does the last picture show? Can you name the
different educational stages in your country?
- Do you think all the countries around the world have the
same educational system and stages?
Lrs expected answers :
- The pictures represent educations / studyin / classroom /
online learning ….
- The second picture represent a balance in the left side there
is online learning and in the right side classroom learning.
- It shows the educational stages. ( primary school – middle
school – secondary school – university).
- No, I don’t think so. Each country has its specific
educational system.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction

Task 02
Expressions Definitions

1. Compulsory a. a school for young children, particularly those

To learn new
education between the ages of three and five.
vocabulary 10
2. Scholarship b. refers to a period of educational attendance words related min
required of all students. The period of to the theme
compulsory education is often determined by of the unit
the student’s age

3. nursery c. is the central guide for all educators as to what

school is essential for teaching and learning. It contains
what should be taught to learners

4. Illiteracy d. a grant or payment made to support a student's

education, awarded on the basis of academic or
other achievement.

5. Curriculum e. the inability to read or write

Key:
1 – b // 2 – d // 3 – a // 4 – e // 5 – c
 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
Reading comprehension Sequence 01: Listen and consider
Materials: Pictures / worksheets Time allowance: 1 hour
Competency: interacting orally // producing a written expression

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to raise awareness of the
issues related to illiteracy and school dropout.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Interacting with lrs using questions and pictures:
Lead in
1- What does the picture show?
2- What do we mean by
Pre-reading
illiteracy? 6 min
3- Why can’t some children
around the world attend To set Lrs in
schools? context/ build
4- Do you think illiteracy has negative effects only on children? the necessary
Lrs expected answers : knowledge to
A. It shows a boy who wants to study / read book/ learn but he can’t suppose the
topic of the
because he is illiterate.
text.
B. Illiteracy means that someone can’t read and write.
C. Because of poverty, wars ….
D. No, it has negative effects also on the country ….

Task 01 Lrs Choose the right answer :

6 min
1- What is the type of the text : a- Narrative b- Prescriptive To skim
While through the
c- Expository
reading
text/ To
2- It is extracted from: a- website article b- a book recognize the
type of the text
c- a magazine

Key :

1. The text is extracted from: c- Expository

2. It is about : a- website article

Task 02 Lrs write the letter that corresponds to the right answer: To read for
1- School dropout means a person who specific set of
inf // to choose 10
A) Starts a new educational grade B) leaves schools and stops the right word min
his studies C) likes studying at school
2- The number of boys who attend schools is …………….……..
than the number of girls.
A) equal B) less C) more
3- School dropout and illiteracy are …………………….. for both
people and the ountry .
A) Beneficial B) subversive C) valuable
Key: b- leaves schools and stops his studies - c- more - b-
subversive
Lrs lnswer the following questions according to the text.
Task 03
 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
Grammar explorer Sequence 01: Listen and consider
Materials: worksheets Time allowance: 1 hour
Language froms: Conditional type 1,2 and 3 Function: Expressing condition

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to use conditional
type 1,2 and 3.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction

Lead in - Teacher asks learners to read the following examples and

mention the conditional type they belong to.
To set Lrs in
1- If he wants to succeed, he’ll have to study hard. ( Type 1 )context/ build
Presentation 15
2- If he went to an Art School, there wouldn’t get a job the necessary
knowledge to min
afterwards. ( Type 2)
understand the
3- If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. lesson
( Type 3)
4- I would continue my studies in America if I were rich. ( Type
2)
a- Fill in the gabs to get the rules governing the tenses of the
verbs used in the three conditional types.
• Conditional type 01 : If + present simple , + will
• Conditional type 02 : If + past simple , + would + stem To deduce the
• Conditional type 03 : If + past perfect , + would + have+ rule of using
conditional
past participle type 1,2 and 3
b- Each conditional type is used for specific purpose. The use of
each conditional can be summarized as follow. Match each
conditional with its appropriate use

Conditional types Use

Type 1 An unreal past condition and its probable

past result.

Type 2 A possible condition and its probable

result .

Type 3 A hypothetical or unlikely condition and

its probable result.

Task 01 : Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense :

Task 01
A. If I were ( to be) tall enough, I would be (to be ) a policeman

Practice or a firefighter.
B. If he had got (to get) the required marks, he wouldn’t have To practice the
use of 30
gone ( to go) on a training course to be a doctor. He would
conditional min
have teaken ( to take) a course in computer science instead.
type 1,2 and 3
C. you will ( to succeed) if you work ( to work) hard.
D. If you get ( to get) your Baccalauréat, I will offer (to offer)
 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
Grammar explorer Sequence 01: Listen and consider
Materials: Pictures / worksheets Time allowance: 1 hour
Language forms: “Unless” Function: Expressing warnings

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to use “unless” to
express warnings

Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time

ction
 a. Teacher asks learners to look at the pictures and complete
Lead in the sentences

You will not succeed unless you

Presentation study hard 20
min
To build the
Unless you have experience, you necessary
can’t get a job. knowledge to
understand the
lesson / To
recognize the
He will not revise unless they stop use of ‘unless’
making noise.

b. Complete the table below with the tenses of the verbs

preceding and following unless
Tenses of the verbs
To deduce the
rule of using
Form 1 “unless”
Unless + Present simple , + will

Form 2 will + unless + Present simple

c- Now circle the letters corresponding to the expression that

can be used in replacement of unless
a- Even if b- if …. not c- only if d- except if

d- What does unless express? To

differentiate
a- A wish b- a promise c- a warning between to
use of unless
e- Rewrite the sentences using “if” instead of “unless” and if
a- You will not succeed if you don’t study hard.
b- If you have experience, you can get a job.
c- He will not revise if they don’t stop making noise.

Practice
 Task02: Combine the following sentences using “unless”
Task 01
a- You fail in your exam. You don’t study hard.
b- It doesn’t rain. We go for a trip next week.
c- He will write interesting articles. He does some serious
research online. To practice the
use of unless in 15
d- You wake up early. You are late for school. min
combining
Key :
pairs of
sentences.
e- You will fail in your exam unless you study hard.
f- Unless it rains, we will go for a trip next week.
g- He won’t write interesting articles unless he does some serious
research online.
h- Unless you wake up early, you will be late for school.

Task 03: Rewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as

Task 02
sentence (a). To be able to
rewrite
1. a) If you don’t get more than 16 in the BAC exam, you can’t sentences
study medicine at university. using unless
b) Unless you get more than 16 in the BAC exam, you can’t
study medicine at university.
2. a) I will not sleep unless I finish revising all my lessons.
b) If I don’t finish revising all my lesson, I will not sleep.
3. a) If the educational system doesn’t address the problem, 20
min
violence will prevail.
4. b) Unless the educational addresses the problem, violence will
prevail.
5. a) If you don’t listen to English native speakers, you will not
improve your listening and speaking skills.
b) Unless listen to English native speakers, you will not
improve your listening and speaking skills.
6. a) If minimum age requirements for schooling are enforced,
children will not have to work.
b. Unless minimum age requirements for schooling are
enforced, children will have to work.

To be done at home
 Task04: Complete the following sentences using “unless” or “if”.
Task 03

1. ………………… you stop making noise, I won’t be able to

carry on the lesson. To choose the
right word that
2. I’ll tell you ………………… the headmaster wants to see you.
expresses
3. I won’t finish my homework …………………… you help me. condition

4. You won’t understand the use of unless”…………………… To differ

you listen carefully. between the
use of unless
5. What will you do ………………… you fail your
and if.
Baccalaureate?

Key:

1 – unless // 2 – if // 3- unless // 4- unless // 5 - if

 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
Vocabulary and pronunciation Sequence 01: Listen and consider Materials:
worksheets Time allowance: 1 hour
Competency: interacting orally Function: Forming words

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:
a- Use collocation with “school” and “education”
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction

Task 01 Lrs read the tips below and do the task that follows
TIPS

A collocation refers to the way in which words frequently occur

together in language use. Eg: Timetable, school bag , notice-board To detect the
. expressions 20
Collocations may be spelt as two separated words, two words that collocate min
joined by a hypen (-), or simply as a single word. with school
and education
- Look at the group of words A-F. keep the words and
expressions that collocate with school and education and
cross out the ones that don’t.
a- School / mate / colleague / report / leaving / age
b- School / graduation / expensive / dropout /
c- High / distant / grammar / school
d- Further / Compulsory / supplementary / higher /
education
- Fill in the blanks in sentences A-E below with suitable
collocations with school and education. Refer to task above
for help.
a- I have lost touch with most of my previous ………………….
Except for Djamel.
b- …………………………. is dangerous phenomenon that must
To recognize
be fought by the government. the right word
c- In Britain only selective students can attend ………………… to fill the gaps
d- The Algerian educational system provides free and ………….
Education until the age of 16.
Key:
A – schoolmates // B- school dropout // C- grammar school // D-
compulsory education.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Lrs turn the nouns in brackets into adjectives by adding
Task 02
suffixes (-ive or –al) so that the written speech below by a
school inspector make sense

In order to improve our educational (education) system,

To form
we should take effective (effect) measures. To begin with, we
adjectives
should make our examination system more selective (selection) using suffixes 15
so that both our students and teachers will work harder. Second, ive or al min
we should give more importance to functional (function)
literacy. By this I mean that we ought to make our courses more
practical (pactice) so as to enable the students to fulfill their
roles outside school. Third, we ought to make our teaching more
attractive (attraction) so that students’ will be more
responsive (response) to what we teach them. In short, we must
be both innovative (innovation) and constructive
(construction) in the training we give our students .

Lrs complete the following table

Task 03
Verbs Nouns Adjectives

To inform Information Informative /

15
informed min
To form
To select Selection / Selective words // to
selectivity enrich lrs’
vocabulary
To free Freedom free

To attract Attraction Attractive

To innovate Innovation Innovative

To respond Response Responsive

To instruct Instruction Instructed

To differ Difference Different

To educate Education Educated

Educative
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction

Task 04 Word stress

To make
Task 01 : Listen to the pairs of words in the table below. Put a
students
stress mark on the syllable you hear most in each word. What
aware of the
do you notice.
tress shift from
Verb Noun the verb to the 10
noun. min
InsTRUCT InsTRUCtion

FORM ForMAtion To recognize

the stress
TransFORM transforMAtion pattern in
words ending
DesCRIBE DesCRIPtion in suffix –tion.

a- In two syllable verbs the stress usually occurs in the second

syllable.
b- Words ending with tion take their stress on the second
syllable from the end i.e penultimate syllable.
 Lesson plan
Level : 3nd year Unit 02 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:
Think, pair, share Sequence 01: Listen and consider
Materials: worksheets Time allowance: 2 hours
Competency: producing a written expression

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to write about ways
to improve our educational system.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction

Lead in a- T draws a diagram in the table and interacts with learners

asking different questions about the importance of improving
the Algerian educational system.
Presentation 15
b- T asks learners to give/write supporting ideas to the suggested
To set Lrs in min
solutions. context/ build
c- T asks learners to write a composition starting by the the necessary
knowledge to
introduction, the body then the conclusion.
write a written
d- The teacher must clarify the importance of writing the topic expression
sentence in the introduction.
Use the following notes:
Ways to improve the Algerian educational system

New and Adapted Build more schools

curriculum and classes

● Changing the curriculum of

● Minimize the number of
all levels.
students in classes.

● Making suitable program for

● Building schools in remote
each grade and select the
areas.

● Providing good school

Modern technologies Increase faculty access to
and modern education resources & training

a- Providing modern A. Providing rich and

educational aids. reliable teaching

b- Supporting online resources

learning and teaching
B. Designing good

Topic : Write a composition of about 100 to 120 words in which

you speak about ways to improve our educational system in your
country.
 The Algerian educational system has been changed over time. However, it must be improved taking into
consideration different ways and measures.

To start with, the ministry of education had better give much more importance to the school curriculum
especially the one of the primary school. School programmes and progressions must be reviewed and
renewed to fit the learners’ needs and abilities. Secondly, the government should build more schools and
classes particularly in remote areas. And to have a good learning and teaching atmosphere, the number of
students must be minimized in classes. Thirdly, the ministry of education should provide schools with
modern educational aids in addition to supporting the online learning and teaching. Finally, they have to
increase faculty access to resources and training. They also have to provide rich and reliable teaching
resources and design new and good books.

As a conclusion, it’s high time the government and the ministry of education worked hard to improve
the educational system.

Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:

Grammar explorer Sequence 02: Read and consider
Materials: Picture / worksheets Time allowance: 2hours
Function: Expressing similarities and differences Langue
forms : Expressing similarities and differences with : like, whereas, unlike

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to express
similarities and differences using the right expressions. They also will be able to compare
between some educational systems.

Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time

ction
Teacher interacts with learners using
Warm up different questions. To make
students able
a- What do you know about
education in Britain? to use their
Pre-reading
b- Have you ever heard about any background 6 min
British university or college? knowledge and
Which one? to prepare
Learners expected answers: them for
reading.
- Education in Britain differs from that in our country. It is more
developed and universally well-known. The two famous British
universities are: OXFORD and CAMBRIDGE.

Choose the right answer:

Task 01 To skim
a- The type of the text is : a- Argumentative - prescriptive 8 min
through the
- Descriptive
While text/ To
reading b- The text is about: A- The importance of education in the world recognize the
B – The British educational system C- British and main idea and
Scottish educational school type of the
text.
Key :

1. The text is extracted from: c- descriptive

2. It is about : b-The British educational system

 Lrs lnswer the following questions according to the text.
Task 02 a- In what why the British educational system is different from
the American one?
To read for
b- Is education in Britain obligatory? Justify?
specific
c- Which of the following adjectives best describes access to information 15
min
university in Britain and the united state? A- Difficult
B- Easy C- Selective D- Free
Key :
a- But the education system is in favor of students in term that
their degree duration is smaller in comparison to UK. In UK
a student can adopt different subjects according to his choice
and there is flexibility in opting subjects. In contrast, the
education system in US is strict and is lengthy.
b- Yes, it is. Education in the UK is compulsory from age 5 to
age 18
c- adjectives best describes access to university in Britain and
the united state? A- Difficult C- Selective
Part two Grammar explorer : Expressing differences and similarities
Lead in a- Lrs read the text again and pick out or underline sentences that
are used to compare and express similarities and differences.
And identify the link words expressing similarity and difference.
To sort out
Similarities : sentences
expressing
- In many ways, the structures and system of education in the similarities & 20
differences in min
UK are similar to education systems in other countries,
the text
- It is more similar to the systems in place in continental
Europe.

Differences :

- But the education system is in favor of students in term that

their degree duration is smaller in comparison to UK.
- In UK a student can adopt different subjects according to his
choice and there is flexibility in opting subjects. In contrast,
the education system in US is strict and is lengthy.
- Unlike in some other countries, the state school system in the
UK is not unitary.
- Some children receive their primary education at an infant
school and then a junior school whereas others receive it at a
primary school that combines the two
- The state education system in Scotland is slightly different to
the system in England, particularly at secondary level.
- Afterward, some students will start the profession life while
few others to a sixth….
- The university system in the UK differs from university
systems in the rest of Europe.
- Furthermore the university system in Scotland is not the same
as the university system in England .
b- in addition to the words used in the previous task, classify the
underlined words which express similarities and ones that express
differences in the table below.

1-The educational system of England is different from that of the

USA.

2-Both American and British pupils have to attend courses full

time.

3-Neither American nor British students have to wear a pinafore.

4-By contrast to/In contrast to The USA, home schooling is not

allowed in Algeria.

5-Like / as in Britain, education in Algeria is compulsory until the

age of 16.

6-Scientific stream pupils and literary stream ones don’t study the
same subjects.
To distinguish
Comparison / contrast between
expressions of
Similarities differences
similarities and
differences
similar to – both…and – like in comparison to - In contrast -
– as in – the same Unlike - whereas - different to -
while - differs from – not the
same –neither … nor - By
contrast to

Practice
 Lrs Combine the pairs of sentences using the connectors given
Task 01
1/ Home schooled children don’t have teachers. // b- they don’t
go to school. (neither …nor) To practise the
use of
2/ Education in the UK is compulsory. // b- Education in the USA is
expressions 20
compulsory. (like) that express min
similarities and
3/ Elementary education in the USA starts at the age of 5. // b- differences.
Elementary education in the Algeria starts at the age of 6.
(whereas)

4/ Middle school pupils take an exam at the end of their studies. //

b-Secondary school pupils also take an exam at the end of their
studies. (both …and)

5/ In Algeria, studies in public schools are free. In Algeria, studies in

the private schools require tuition fees. (while)

6/ Britain has a national system of education. The USA doesn’t have

a national system of education. (Unlike)

Key:

1- Home schooled children neither have teachers no go to

school.
2- Like in the UK, education in the USA is compulsory.
3- Elementary education in the USA starts at the age of 5
whereas in the Algeria it starts at the age of 6.
4- Both Middle school and secondary school pupils take an
exam at the end of their studies.
5- In Algeria, studies in public schools are free. While, studies in
the private schools require tuition fees.
6- Unlike Britain, the USA doesn’t have a national system of
education.

USE
 Comparison between the Algerian and American
Task 02
educational system

Taking in consideration the information in the following table.

Students Write some sentences in which you compare between the 30
can work Algerian and American educational system. (use expressions min
in pairs or that express differences and similarities.) To compare
groups to between two
Key:
do this task educational
1- The educational system of Algeria is different from that of systems
the USA.
2- Primary education in the USA starts at the age of 7. Whereas,
in Algeria it starts at the age of 6.
3- Like in Algeria, education in USA is free.
4- In Algeria students have to study 4 years in middle school. In
contrast, in US they have to study only 3 years.
5- Unlike in Algeria, in US kids have to attend two schools (pre-
school and kindergarten) before attending primary school.

Read the text and do the following activities:

In many ways, the structures and system of education in

the UK are similar to education systems in other countries,
notably other countries in Europe. Both UK and US provide
quality education. But the education system is in favor of
students in term that their degree duration is smaller in
comparison to UK. In UK a student can adopt different
subjects according to his choice and there is flexibility in opting
subjects. In contrast, the education system in US is strict and is
lengthy.
Education in the UK is compulsory from age 5 to age 18, and is largely provided through the state
education system. However, unlike in some other countries, the state school system in the UK is not
unitary. Most schools are fully "public" in the sense that they are directly or indirectly financed by the
state. State schools account for about 93% of pupils enrolled in the primary and secondary school system.
The state school system, schools at primary level (up to age 11) are known as primary schools or junior
schools, and schools in the secondary sector are generally known as comprehensive schools or high schools
or academies. Some children receive their primary education at an infant school and then a junior school
whereas others receive it at a primary school that combines the two. Almost all pupils in state schools are
day pupils, as there are just 40 state boarding schools in the whole of England, and most of these are
selective. The state education system in Scotland is slightly different to the system in England, particularly
at secondary level.
 Although secondary education in the UK is compulsory up to the age of 18, access to some state
secondary schools, notably specialized academies, and grammar schools, is by selective entrance.
Afterward, some students will start the profession life while few others to a sixth form college to study for
advanced levels in two, three or four subjects in order to enter university. The university system in the UK
differs from university systems in the rest of Europe. Furthermore the university system in Scotland is not
the same as the university system in England It is more similar to the systems in place in continental
Europe.

Comparison between the Algerian and American educational system

Task 01 : Taking in consideration the information in the following table. Write some sentences in
which you compare between the Algerian and American educational system. (use expressions that
express differences and similarities.)
 Algerian educational system

Features Grades Age

Nursery 1 year 5

Grade 1 6

Grade 2 7

Primary school Grade 3 8

Grade 4 9

Grade 5 10

Grade 1 11

Middle school Grade 2 12

Grade 3 13

Grade 4 14

Grade 1 15

Secondary education Grade 2 16

Grade 3 17

University LMD (Licence- Master- 18+

doctorate (3+2+3) )

Fees Free education Compulsory from

6-16
 American educational system

Features Grades Age

Pre-school 2 years 3

Kindergarten 2 years 5

Grade 1 7

Grade 2 8

Primary school Grade 3 9

Grade 4 10

Grade 5 11

Grade 6 11

Middle school Grade 7 12

Grade 8 13

Grade 9 15

Secondary education Grade 10 16

Grade 11 17

Grade 12 18

University 18+

Fees Free education Compulsory from till age

18 according to some
states

Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs

Comparatives of adjectives
 Types of comparatives Comparative forms Examples

Equality - As + adjective + as - As tall as

Inequality - Not as + adjective + as - Not as tall as

Superiority  Short adjective + er + than  Smaller than ……

 More + long adjective + than  More intelligent than …..

Inferiority - Less + adjective + than - Less difficult than

Superlatives of adjectives

Types of superlatives Superlatives forms Examples

Superiority  The + short adjective + est  The longest ……….

 The most + long adjective  The most intelligent

Inferiority - The least + adjective - The least difficult

Comparatives and superlatives of adverbs

a- With adverbs ending in -ly, you must use more to form the comparative, and most to form
the superlative.

Adverbs Comparative Superlative

Slowly More slowly Most slowly

Seriously More seriously Most seriously

Quickly More quickly Most quickly

Examples

 The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.

 Could you sing more quietly please?

b- With short adverbs that do not end in -ly comparative and superlative forms are identical
to adjectives: add -er to form the comparative and -est to form the superlative. If the
adverb ends in e, remove it before adding the ending.
 Adverbs Comparative Superlative

hard Harder than The hardest

fast Faster than The fastest

late Later than The latest

Examples

 Jim works harder than his brother.

 Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

c- Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Adverb Comparative Superlative

badly worse worst

far farther/further farthest/furthest

little less least

well better best

Examples

 The student ran farther than his friends.

 You're driving worse today than yesterday!
 He played the best of any player
Level : 3rd year L streams Unit 03: Schools Different and Alike

The Reported Speech

● We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' , 'tell' , ‘asked’ ….. If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy.
We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: I like ice cream.

• Indirect speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

● We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to
'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your' .

● If the reporting verbs are in past so many changes must occur. (check the tables below)
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. He said: “I like helping people.” 1. He said that he liked helping people.
Statements 2. He said: “I worked for a charity.” 2. He said that he had worked for a
3. He said: “I have experienced an charity.
emergency situation.” 3. He said that he had experienced an
emergency situation.
Questions

“Wh” 1. She asked me: “What do you like?” 1. She asked me what I liked.
Questions 2. She asked: “What is the famous disaster?” 2. She asked me what the famous disaster
was.
“Yes/No” 1. The student asked me: “Did you help
Questions people in need?” 1. The student asked me if I had helped
2. The teacher asked: “Have you finished?” people in need.
2. The teacher asked if we had finished.
1. He asked me: “Help me, please!” 1. He asked me to help him.
Requests 2. He asked me: “Could you close the 2. He asked me to close the window.
window, please?”
1. The teacher ordered: “Stop writing!” 1. The teacher ordered to stop writing.
2. She ordered me: “Do your homework!” 2. She ordered me to do my homework.
Orders
3. He told me: “Don’t panic.” 3. He told me not to panic.
4. He ordered me: “Don’t make noise.” 4. He ordered me not to make noise.
Modals

Direct Indirect Speech

Speech
will would
shall should
can could
may might
must had to

Tenses (Verbs)
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
Past Simple Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Present Continuous Past Continuous
 Expressions of Place & Time
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
This / These That / Those
Here There
Now Then / At the moment
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day / The following day
Yesterday The day before / The previous day
Last (week, month, …) The previous (week, month, …)
Next (week, month, …) The following (week, month, …)

Task 01: Rewrite sentence “B” so that it means the same as sentence “A”

a- “ I like reading book”, he said

b- He said …………………………………………………………………………

a- “we will have a test tomorrow”, my friend said

b- My friend said ……………………………………………………..……………

a- Teacher : “are you ready for your exam ?”

b- Teacher asked us …………………………………………………………………

a- “ I can’t revise now, I will revise this afternoon”, he said

b- He said …………………………………………………………………………

a- “ What is your plan for tomorrow ?” he said

b- My sister asked me …………………………………………………………………………

a- “ I can’t revise now, I will revise this afternoon”, my friend said

b- My friend said …………………………………………………………………………

a- “ Do you speech English ?” the reporter asks

b- The reporter asks …………………………………………………………………………

a- “ where will you go next week?” he required

b- He required …………………………………………………………………………

a- “ I may study English at the university”, my sister said.

b- My sister said …………………………………………….……………………………

Level : 3nd year Unit 03 : Schools : Different and Alike Rubric:

Reading and writing Sequence 03: Reading and writing
Materials: Pictures / worksheets Time allowance: 2 hours
Competency: producing a written expression

Intermediate objective: By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to recognize the
effects of violence and bullying. They also will be able to write an expository article on the
causes and effects of examination stress on students
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Interacting with lrs using questions and pictures:
Lead in

Pre-reading
6
To introduce min
the theme of
the text // to
interpret
pictures

Questions :
1- What do the pictures show?
2- Where can we find violence and bullying?
3- What are the effects of bullying on people?
Lrs expected answers :
c- The pictures show violence , bullying and stree.
d- Violence can be found in schools ….
e- Stress, sadness , isolation , lack of confidence ….

Lrs choose the right answer

Task 01 To skim
The text is about :
through the 6
a- The importance of fighting bullying in schools
min
While b- Violence and bullying as dangerous phenomenon text
reading c- The causes of bullying and violence

Key: b-Violence and bullying as dangerous phenomenons

Lrs say whether the following statements are true or false?

Task 02
a. The education system is the only responsible for school violence.
To find out
…………… whether the 10
sentences are min
b. Violence is a form of children’s right infringement. ……………
true or false
c. Bullying is the least common form of violence today. ……………
d. Violence has negative consequences on children’s
development. ……………
Key: False // True // False // true
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Interacting with lrs using questions and pictures:
Lead in

Pre-reading
6
To introduce min
the theme of
the text // to
interpret
pictures

Questions :
1- What do the pictures show?
2- Where can we find violence and bullying?
3- What are the effects of bullying on people?
Lrs expected answers :
c- The pictures show violence , bullying and stree.
d- Violence can be found in schools ….
e- Stress, sadness , isolation , lack of confidence ….

Task 03 2. Match each paragraph with its main idea

a. Bullying and its effects on people. To recognize

the main idea
b. Different areas where can bullying occur and spread. of each
paragraph
c. The introduction of violence as a dangerous phenomenon in 10
schools. min
d. The relationship between bullying and violence and the
importance of fighting it
Key:

a- 3 // b- 4 // c- 1 // d-2
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Interacting with lrs using questions and pictures:
Lead in

Pre-reading
6
To introduce min
the theme of
the text // to
interpret
pictures

Questions :
1- What do the pictures show?
2- Where can we find violence and bullying?
3- What are the effects of bullying on people?
Lrs expected answers :
c- The pictures show violence , bullying and stree.
d- Violence can be found in schools ….
e- Stress, sadness , isolation , lack of confidence ….

Lrs lnswer the following questions according to the text.

Task 04 a. Is violence limited to bullying? Justify?
b. What consequences does violence have on persons?
To read for
c. What is bullying and where does it occur?
specific
Key : information
a- No, it is not. Violence manifests itself in numerous ways..
b- Bullying creates a feeling of distress in the person who is
15
subjected to it. It can turn daily activities such as going to min
school or eating in the cafeteria into a nightmare, and can
even make its victims sick.
c- Bullying is an action or remark that threatens, hurts,
humiliates or frustrates another person.
- Bullying takes place in all types of environments:
…….aggression.
Tasks/intera- Procedures/correction Objectives Time
ction
Interacting with lrs using questions and pictures:
Lead in

Pre-reading
6
To introduce min
the theme of
the text // to
interpret
pictures

Questions :
1- What do the pictures show?
2- Where can we find violence and bullying?
3- What are the effects of bullying on people?
Lrs expected answers :
c- The pictures show violence , bullying and stree.
d- Violence can be found in schools ….
e- Stress, sadness , isolation , lack of confidence ….

Lrs Complete the table

Task 05
Verb Noun Adjective
10
To bully Bullying Bullyable // bullied To form min
words // to
To prevent Prevention Preventive / enrich their
prevented vocabulary

To indentify identification Indentified

To reduce Reduction Reductive

After
reading

Writing
 ● Write an expository article for a school magazine analyzing the causes and effects of examination

stress on students. The notes below may help you get ideas for your article.
1- Select ideas from the list below and develop them. Feel free to replace them by your own ideas if
you want to.

Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3

Lack of preparation Poor study habits Lack of self-confidence
and pessimistic thoughts.
 Poor/ inadequate time  Leave revision to the last
management. minute .  Fear of failing
 No revision timetable.  Cram all night  Worrying about the
 Avoid revising subjects negative consequences
not liked or difficult. of failure.

Effects of stress

1- Panic attacks
2- Insomnia / sleep difficulty.
3- Difficulty in organizing information or thoughts
4- Nervousness / irritability
5- Loss of / change in appetite
6- Doing poorly in an exam.
7- Problems with concentration
8- Having difficulty in reading and understanding the
questions on the exam paper.
9- Mental blocking.

2- Make sure you use the link words expressing:

 Cause / effect: as a result, as a consequence, so , therefore, because, due to …..
 Purpose: in order to, to, so as to, so that ….
 Contrast: unlike, in contrast to, contrary to ….
 Concession: though, in spite of the fact that, in spite of …..

Examinations have an important role to play in any system of education. Since exams are necessary,
they sometimes put students under pressure and cause stress-related conditions which lead to negative
effects.
The most noticeable causes of examination stress are: leaving revision to the last minute, poor and
inadequate time management also having the fear of failure. Another cause of examination stress is
students’ health problems. Most students suffer from lack of sleep, as they work too hard, and don’t take
enough time for breaks. Also, their eating habits change and they may lose appetite. As a result, they
become less resistant to inflection and diseases such as ulcers, high blood pressure and vomit.

One major consequence of stress is anxiety and nervousness. Many students fail their exams because
they lose self-control and concentration that lead them to get into panic when they see the exam. They
don’t manage to score well or have lower scores. Generally, students who do not cram perform better than
those who do in the exams, especially the Baccalaureate exam.

To conclude, students, in order to overcome the problem of examination stress. They should organize
their time for revision and activities. They ought to eat well and take enough rest before exams.

Unit assessment
Read the text and do the following activities.
 In our present age, ethics has become important in education. We can easily reach all knowledge
by technology but using technology may reveal some ethical problems such as plagiarism. That is why
ethics should be placed as a course in educational systems.

Before discussing this issue, it is necessary to define what ethics is and what education is. In general,
ethics is moral philosophy related to our values and virtues. It is the study of what is wrong and what is
right. Education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical
ability of an individual. It makes a man complete, develops society and state and helps children to become
good citizens and better human beings.

Why is Ethics important and why should it be taught in schools? Scholars present three arguments
about why ethics should be taught. These arguments are socialization, the quality of life and the tool.
According to socialization, school should help students to become good citizens. The second argument
claims that school helps students to live a good life through acting in a morally correct way. And according
to the last argument, “the students’ results in other subjects would improve if they had ethics in school”.

From these arguments, it can be concluded that ethics is necessary because it provides a better life
to students. They can be either unfriendly or peaceful by education. You cannot teach a child to obey rules
unless you teach him ethics. Aristotle says, “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no
education at all”. Reading, writing and mathematics are only important when they help children to become
more human.
Adapted from www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815009945

1- Are the following sentences true or false. Correct the false ones.
a- There is no need to integrate ethics with education.
b- Scholars insist on the importance of ethics because it improves their school results.
c- Through education students can be both unfriendly and peaceful.
d- Educating the mind and the heart is a must.

2- In which paragraph is it mentioned that:

a-Education is advantageous to both man and his society.
b-Education and ethics should be combined to educate the mind and the heart.
3- Answer the following questions according to the text:
a-Why should we include ethics as a course in educational systems?
b-What are the benefits of education on man and society?
c-Do you agree with Aristotle’s claim about education? Discuss giving your personal opinion.
4- Who or what do the underlined words refer to in the text?

that § 2 …………. it §2 ……………. they §3 …………. it § 4 ……………

5- Give a title to the text : …………….………….…………….………….…………….………….

6- Find in the text words whose definitions follow:

a-The fact of knowing about something and having a general understanding of a particular fact or
situation(§1) = ……………
b- A fact or statement used to support a proposition or an opinion; a reason (§3) =………………..
c- To do as ordered by a person or an institution (§4) = ……………
7- Give the opposites of the following words keeping the same root.
 Necessary – quality - active – employment – establish – perfect
8- Divide the following words into roots and affixes.
Preventive – educational – unfriendly – acceptance – understanding

Prefix Root Suffix

9- Complete the chart as shown in the example:

Verb Noun Adjective

Example : To educate education educational

.................... …………….. formative

…………… argument …………..

To develop ...................... ………………

.................... Evolution ....................

To value .................... ....................

10- Combine the following sentences using the words in brackets. Make the necessary changes
a- You study more, you pass your baccalaureate. (unless)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

a- In Egypt education is not free. In Algeria education is free. (unlike)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

11- Give the correct form of verbs in brackets:

1-If the government ……………………(not take) strict measures, the educational system…………….
(to deteriorate).
3- Parents ……………………….. (to be) punished if they ……………….. (not send) their children to
school.
4-If I ………………………. (to be) a doctor, I …………….. (to work) free.
4-reoder the following sentences to get a coherent paragraph:

a- because they think that it would not look good for them or their school.
b- Nine out of ten high school teachers acknowledged that cheating is a problem in their school.
c- A national survey found out that four out of five students admitted cheating at some point.
d- However, they refuse to speak about it in public

Written expression :
While having your exams you noticed that some of your classmates were cheating .you were shocked to
find out that even some of the good pupils were acting unethically .write an article on your school
magazine to denounce such corrupt practices and to complain about their bad consequences on the
reputation of your school. You can use the following notes :

- cheaters are liars

- cheating is neither normal nor acceptable
- Encourage your mates to do work honestly
- Discuss their personal integrity
- Make them aware of the official policies and school regulations …..etc.