Logic
Logic
Logic
1. Essence
The term “essence” has a more restricted sense than it
often had in previous chapters. Broad meaning of
“essence,” if we grasp what a thing is, no matter how
vague and indeterminate “something”—or as “something
big,” “something colored,” “something far away,” and so
on we grasp it essence quiddity.
2. Universal as Abstract
The word “universal” as synonymous with “distributed”
and as opposed to “particular” and “singular.”
Is a concept that expresses the essence (quiddity or
nature) of many really distinct individual subjects but
leaves their differences entirely unexpressed.
The concept of “man,” for instance, is a universal; and
what is signified by “man” is such an essence. Man is
universal because it expresses only what can exist
concretely and at the same time in each distinct
individual subject; and however much these objects
differ from one another in other respects, the essence
“man” can be predicated of each of them.
3. The Predicables
Is a classification of reflex universals based on the
five ways in which they express the nature of subjects
of which they are predicated. They are listed as
species, genus, specific difference, logical property,
and logical accident. There are five (5) explaining why
there are five predicables;
A. General survey
Every universal predicate expresses the
nature of the subject of which it is
predicated in one of the following ways.
Either it is expresses its essence or else
it do not. It expresses the essence of the
subject, it either expresses all the basic
constitutive notes and is predicated of the
subject as its; (1) Species, it expresses
either a determinable constitutive element
and is predicated of the subject as its (2)
Genus, it expresses the determining
constitutive element that distinguishes the
essence from other essences belonging to
the same genus and is predicated of the
subject as its (3) Specific Difference , it
either express an attribute that does not
belong to the subject necessarily and is
predicated of the subject as a (4)
Property; or else it expresses an attribute
that does not belong to the subject
necessary but only contingently and is
predicated of the subject as a (5) Logical
Accident.
Schema emphasizes two very important
distinctions
A. The distinction between the notes that
constitutes an essence and those that
do not constitute it but merely
accompany it and;
B. The distinction between the first four
0f the predicables, which are
necessary to the subject.
Synoptic Schema
Every universal predicate expresses(EXAMPLE)The predicable that exemplified
the nature of the subject of whichwhen the adjoining member of
it is predicated in one of the following the disjunction is verified:
ways:
either as CONSTITUTING THE ESSENCE of the subject
or PARTIALLY
NECESSARY NOTES
either as a DETERMINABLE
constitutive element. . . . . (“animal”). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) GENUS
or as a DETERMINING
constitutive element. . . .. (“rational”). . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .(3) SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE
NONCONSTITUTIVE NOTES