Capstone Project/Research Quarter 3 - MELC 3-4 Week 3-5: The Scientific Literature

SHS
CAPSTONE
PROJECT/RESEARCH
Quarter 3 – MELC 3-4
Week 3-5
The Scientific Literature
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Capstone Project/Research
Activity Sheet No. 2 - The Scientific Literature
First Edition, 2021
Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.
This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western V
Development Team of Physical Science Activity Sheet
Writer: RONILO V. APONTE
Division of Iloilo Management Team:

Dr. Roel F. Bermejo
Dr. Ferdinand S. Sy.
Dr. Novelyn M. Vilchez
Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque
Lilibeth E. Larupay
Corazon C. Alarcon
Regional Management Team

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message
Welcome to Capstone Research!
The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide
the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.
The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.
For learning facilitator:
The Capstone Research Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.
For the learner:
The Capstone Research Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning
even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful
and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully
read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the
assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: _____________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________Date:___________________
CAPSTONE RESEARCH ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

The Scientific Literature
I. Learning Competency with Code
1. Set selection criteria for studies relevant to a chosen scientific problem

(STEM_RP12-IIa-e-3)
2. Review, digest, and concisely state the relevance of the studies cited
(STEM_RP12-IIa-e-4)
II. Background Information for Learners
There are different format for thesis paper writing. However, in writing scientific paper
IMRaD format is mostly followed because it highlights essential and concise parts of the
scientific paper. The acronym IMRaD stands for “I” Introduction, “M” Materials and Methods,
“R” Results and “D” for Discussion. Among these major parts of the IMRaD, it is in the
Introduction and in the Discussion parts where relevant and supportive related concepts and
studies are presented logically and coherently (Todoroviæ, 2003). Furthermore, the Materials
and Methods part is also based on sound literature, unless your study is focused on the
refinement of the procedure itself.
. Steps in writing the review of related literature:
1. Identify the key words in your study. Use these key words to search for related scientific
articles or state of the art.
2. Consider websites that are legitimate and non-predatory.
3. Use APA (American Psychological Association) format for in-text/parenthetical citation and
bibliographical citation or the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS). This is prescribed by your
school or by the organizer of a specific organization where you would like to present your
study.
4. Always paraphrase related literature included in your study and cite sources properly.
Review guidelines to avoid committing plagiarism.
5. Use current related literature and study dependent on the research development in the field.
6. In the development of your Capstone project, you need related studies that will support your
endeavor in elucidating the step-by-step process of a scientific study. Also, related studies
may either support the findings or contradict it.
Table 2 reflects the parts of the manuscript where you need to review the related literatures
properly:
Table 2. IMRaD sections that require literature review.
IMRaD Expected literature for citation Example

INTRODUCTION
• Current state of the field • At least two relevant findings in the • The only way to protect one-
current field of study self against pathogens is
• Trend about new sources of establishing a strong immune
samples being investigated upon. system.
• Current practices in • At most two conceptual literatures • Immuno-boosting requires
addressing the issue to describe the scientific concept. intake of antioxidant such as
• At least two related studies to Vitamin C.
support the claim. • Vitamin C comes from fruits.
• Research gap • At most three related studies to • Fruits are the common
establish that such area was not sources of Vitamin C however
fully investigated. it’s expensive and not always
available.
• Contribution of the • At least one study to support that • Other plant species can be
current study such sources or samples can potential sources of Vitamin
potentially be tapped. C.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
• Material and procedure • There are various methods to be Exception: Unless your study is
utilized and as much as possible focused on the method
look for sources of methods that refinement.
are available in your locality and
practical at the same time.
• Data gathering and • In the testing or data gathering, it is Exception: Innovative study like
analysis best to follow from related studies invention may adopt a locally
unless your work is novel. proven test for what the
invention is intended to function.
• Disposal (if applicable) • Disposal of chemical and waste Exception: Device invention
product should be based on needless to be disposed.
recognized disposal procedures.
DISCUSSION • At least three related studies that • The darker the purple color
support the findings of your study or the higher is the Vitamin C
the principle behind the outcome of content of the vegetables.
the study Montalban (2020) findings
proved that vegetables
such as carrots and
cabbage contain Vitamin C.
REFERENCE • Bibliographical citation of all in-text APA/CMOS format
citation in the IMRaD paper.
III. Activity Proper
Directions: You may work in small group or individual along with your research teacher as
facilitator. Read and follow the procedure carefully. Write your answers in your logbook.
Activity 1: Supportive or contradictory literature?
Materials
• Literature review in the field of study.
Procedure:
1. Following the guidelines provided in the Table 2 above, search in the web about the
review of related literature and studies that will support the study presented below.
2. You can download the file but you need only the key phrase or sentence. You need to
copy or paste a copy of the original text in your logbook. Then write in the opposite space
the paraphrased version and cite the source of the sentence.
3. To test your skill in doing intensive literature review, fill in your relevant in-text literature in
the table below following the parts of IMRaD until the materials and methods only.
Table 3. Literature review
Title: Qualitative Determination of Vitamin C Presence in Locally Available Vegetables
IMRaD Expected literature for citation

INTRODUCTION
• Current state of the field
• Current practices in
addressing the issue
• Research gap
• Contribution of the
current study
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
• Material and procedure
• Data gathering and

analysis
• Disposal (if applicable)

Guide Questions:
1. What ethical issues are resolved in doing literature review?

________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you resolved these critical issues?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the role of literature review in proposing a scientific study?

________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2. My Study in IMRaD Format
Direction: Following the same guidelines above, fill in Table 4 for the relevant information
and literature review of your proposed study.
Table 4. Literature review of your proposed study
Title of your proposed study:
IMRaD Cited literature

INTRODUCTION
• Current state of the

field
• Current practices in
addressing the issue
• Research gap
• Contribution of the
current study
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
• Material and
procedure
• Data gathering and

analysis
• Disposal
(if applicable)
Guide Questions:
1. By doing the literature review of your proposed study, what skills did you developed?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does literature review affect your scientific study proposal?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do researchers need to follow certain guidelines in the literature review?

________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Reflection:
As a young researcher, what challenges did you overcome in doing the literature
review?
V. Reference
Todoroviæ, L. (2003). Original (scientific) paper - the IMRAD layout, Educational paper UDC:
006.05:001.818 Archive of Oncology 2003;11(3):203-5

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SHS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Published in the Philippines

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Writer: RONILO V. APONTE

Division of Iloilo Management Team:

Regional Management Team

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

For learning facilitator:

For the learner:

CAPSTONE RESEARCH ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

I. Learning Competency with Code

1. Set selection criteria for studies relevant to a chosen scientific problem

II. Background Information for Learners

. Steps in writing the review of related literature:

Table 2. IMRaD sections that require literature review.

IMRaD Expected literature for citation Example

Activity 1: Supportive or contradictory literature?

Title: Qualitative Determination of Vitamin C Presence in Locally Available Vegetables

IMRaD Expected literature for citation

• Current state of the field

• Data gathering and

• Disposal (if applicable)

1. What ethical issues are resolved in doing literature review?

2. How do you resolved these critical issues?

3. What is the role of literature review in proposing a scientific study?

Activity 2. My Study in IMRaD Format

IMRaD Cited literature

• Current state of the

• Data gathering and

2. How does literature review affect your scientific study proposal?

3. Why do researchers need to follow certain guidelines in the literature review?

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