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    Baroque Period - Slide Class

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    Thiago André
    The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. It was centered in Italy and saw the development of new musical genres like opera, oratorio, concerto and cantata. Key innovations included basso continuo, which aided the establishment of tonality, and the use of Italian words in scores. Major composers included Monteverdi, Corelli, Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Scarlatti. Their works featured characteristics like continuous rhythm, repetition, and terraced dynamics. The period expanded the complexity of instrumental and vocal music.

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    Baroque Period - Slide Class

    Uploaded by

    Thiago André
    29 views22 pages
    The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. It was centered in Italy and saw the development of new musical genres like opera, oratorio, concerto and cantata. Key innovations included basso continuo, which aided the establishment of tonality, and the use of Italian words in scores. Major composers included Monteverdi, Corelli, Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Scarlatti. Their works featured characteristics like continuous rhythm, repetition, and terraced dynamics. The period expanded the complexity of instrumental and vocal music.

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    Baroque Period - slide class

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    The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. It was centered in Italy and saw the development of new musical genres like opera, oratorio, concerto and cantata. Key innovations included basso continuo, which aided the establishment of tonality, and the use of Italian words in scores. Major composers included Monteverdi, Corelli, Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Scarlatti. Their works featured characteristics like continuous rhythm, repetition, and terraced dynamics. The period expanded the complexity of instrumental and vocal music.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    29 views22 pages

    Baroque Period - Slide Class

    Uploaded by

    Thiago André
    The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. It was centered in Italy and saw the development of new musical genres like opera, oratorio, concerto and cantata. Key innovations included basso continuo, which aided the establishment of tonality, and the use of Italian words in scores. Major composers included Monteverdi, Corelli, Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Scarlatti. Their works featured characteristics like continuous rhythm, repetition, and terraced dynamics. The period expanded the complexity of instrumental and vocal music.

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    of 22

    Baroque Period (1600 - 1750)

    Subtitle
    World events

    • 1610 - Galileo confirms the Earth is


    round
    • 1643-1715 - Louis XIV rules France
    • 1687 - Sir Isaac Newton publishes
    his Laws of Universal Gravitation
    • 1732- George Washington born
    • 1744-1748 - French & Indian War
    ▪ Italy - center of music

    ▪ Tonal system – common practice – later


    chords
    ▪ Professional musicians - improvisations

    ▪ Basso continuo group


    ▪ Dance suites

    ▪ Concerto, Sonata, Opera, Cantata – became


    musical genre
    ▪ The period expanded the size, range, and
    complexity of instrumental and vocal
    performance.
    ▪ Musicians were employees of the
    wealthy – church
    ▪ Music as enjoyment
    ▪ Different forms of inspiration
    ▪ If you hear a harpsichord, it’s almost
    always Baroque
    ▪ Orchestra formation
    Musical Characteristics
    ▪ Tonal system
    ▪ Unity of mood
    – Doctrine of the mood
    ▪ Happy – Musical Example
    ▪ Sad – Musical Example

    ▪ Continuous rhythm
    – Musical Example

    ▪ Sequential Melodies
    – Musical Example

    ▪ Terraced dynamics
    – Musical Example
    ▪ Scores started using Italian words to
    mark on the sheet music.
    ▪ Long melodies
    – Musical Example

    ▪ Repetition of the same text or melody


    – Musical Example

    ▪ Dense Texture
    – Musical Example
    Early Baroque music (1580–1650)

    ▪ Italy started discussing ideas 20


    years before the marking date
    ▪ Florentine Camerata
    – Count Giovanni de' Bardi
    – Return of Ancient Greek art
    – Rejection of Polyphony
    – Monody
    ▪ Basso Continuo – tonality
    ▪ Dissonances
    Claudio Monteverdi (1567 – 1643)

    ▪ Italian composer for sacred and


    secular music
    ▪ Important figure between the
    Renaissance and Baroque
    ▪ Prima Pratica vs Seconda pratica
    ▪ L’Orfeu – opera widely performed
    – Musical Example

    ▪ Composed secular and sacred pieces


    – Musical Example II
    – Musical Example III
    Middle baroque music (1630–1700)

    ▪ Age of Absolutism (1610 – 1789)


    – King Louis XIV of France
    – Patronage besides the Church

    ▪ Idea of public performances


    ▪ Raise of Vocal styles - genres
    – Cantata, Oratorio, and Opera
    – Recitative and Arias
    – Recitativo secco vs accompagnato
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example II

    ▪ Simpler and polished melodies


    Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632 – 1687)

    ▪ Italian-French composer
    ▪ Worked for King Luis XIV
    ▪ Figure of conductor in Orchestra
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example II

    ▪ Died with gangrene – hit his foot


    with the staff
    ▪ Arcangelo Corelli (1653 – 1713)
    – Violinist who developed the violin
    technique and pedagogy.
    – Trio Sonata
    ▪ Musical Example
    – Concerto grosso
    ▪ Musical Example
    – his music performed all over
    Europe
    – Inspired students – Antonio Vivaldi
    ▪ Louis Couperin (1626 – 1661)
    – Organist of the Church of St.
    Gervais in Paris
    – Musician at the court
    – Contributions to the keyboard area
    ▪ French organ school and the French
    harpsichord school
    – Composed pieces for organ with
    specific registrations
    ▪ Musical Example
    – Unmeasured prelude for
    harpsichord
    ▪ Musical Example
    ▪ Henry Purcell (1659 – 1695)
    – English composer – many genres
    – Dido and Aeneas (1688)
    ▪ Musical Example

    ▪ Johann Pachelbel (1653 – 1706)


    – German composer
    – Contributions to the South German organ school
    – Canon in D
    ▪ Piece in two movements
    ▪ Based on a bass ostinato
    ▪ Voices are added after a few measures
    ▪ Musical Example
    Late Baroque music (1680–1750)

    ▪ Climax of the Baroque period


    ▪ Famous compositions
    ▪ Composers using style of a place –
    Italy, French, German
    ▪ Public Concerts were happening
    everywhere
    Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 – 1725)

    ▪ Italian composer
    ▪ Member of the Neapolitan School
    ▪ Musical Example
    ▪ Contributions to genres
    – Da capo aria
    ▪ Musical Example
    – Italian Overture
    ▪ Musical Example
    – Instrumental pieces – harpsichord
    ▪ Musical Example
    Antonio Vivaldi (1678 – 1741)

    ▪ Italian composer and virtuoso violinist


    ▪ Pioneered many developments in orchestration,
    violin technique and programmatic music.
    ▪ Consolidate the emerging concerto form
    ▪ Almost became a priest
    ▪ Died in poverty less than a year after moving to
    Vienna
    ▪ Wrote over 800 concertos (500 for solo violin & orch)
    ▪ Majority of his works were unknown until the 1920s
    (stored in a church archive)
    ▪ Musical Example
    ▪ Musical Example II
    Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750)

    ▪ German composer
    ▪ Several genres (concertos, motets, Masses,
    Cantatas)
    – Brandenburg Concertos
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example
    ▪ Keyboard works
    – Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered
    Clavier (Hans von Bülow called them "The Old
    Testament" of piano literature)
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example
    ▪ Big name of the counterpoint, harmony,
    ornamentation, and treatment with rhythm and
    melodies
    Musical forms

    ▪ Dance Suite ▪ Prelude


    – Overture ▪ Fugue
    – Allemande – Musical Example
    – Courante
    – Sarabande
    – Gigue ▪ Concertos
    – Musical Example
    – Gavotte
    – Minuet
    – Air
    ▪ Oratorio
    – Musical Example – Musical Example

    ▪ Mass
    – Musical Example
    George Frideric Handel (1685 – 1759)

    ▪ German-British composer
    ▪ Lived in Italy, German, and England
    ▪ Brought Italian opera to its highest
    development
    ▪ Introduced a new style into English church
    music.
    ▪ Created the genres of English oratorio and
    organ concerto
    ▪ Messiah
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example II
    – Musical Example III
    Review of Vocal works
    ▪ Opera: ▪ Cantata:
    – dramatic staged composition
    – Vocal composition with instrumental
    – Recitatives accompaniment often based on a
    – Arias religious text.
    – Opera Buffa – Musical Example
    – Musical Example

    ▪ Oratorio: (
    – Large composition for orchestra, choir, and
    ▪ Mass:
    soloists, typically based on a religious theme. – based on the Catholic Eucharistic
    service
    – Musical Example
    – Musical Example
    – Il Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda which
    can be considered as the first secular oratorio
    by Monteverdi
    Instrumental works
    ▪ Concerto: ▪ Sonata: instrumental piece with continuo
    – piece for soloist and orchestra – Sonata da chiesa (use in the church)
    – Musical Example ▪ Musical Example
    – Sonata de camera (use in the court)
    ▪ Concerto Grosso: ▪ Musical Example
    – small group of soloists – Trio Sonata (favorite chamber music style)
    – Musical Example ▪ Musical Example

    ▪ Overture:
    – piece before an opera, oratorio ▪ Toccata: to touch
    – French Overture
    ▪ Musical Example ▪ Fugue: elaboration of a theme
    – Italian Overture – Musical example
    ▪ Musical Example

    ▪ Partita: initially single instrumental piece –


    later as a synonymous for suite
    – Musical Example

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