Construction of Fiberglass Boat in Padang City

with Hand Lay up Method

Sanny Ardhy, Haznam Putra, Rina

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dharma Andalas University, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Keywords: FRP, hand lay up, resin, open mould, Pantai Muaro

Abstract: Wooden fishing boats gradually began to be abandoned by fishermen. Now, many fishermen have switched
to using ships from materials fiberglass. This is because the amount of wood that has been increasingly
limited, and the price is also very expensive. In addition, wooden ships require a lot once treatment and
lifespan are also limited. While the advantages of fiberglass boats, among others, age or lifetime of the ship
more durable, maintenance is much easier and cost-effective (cost). Fiber ships are also much lighter, and
more leverage in the production of fish catch. Fiberglass shipbuilding process that many made, using
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) technique. In the manufacture of fiber boats, there are two frequently
used lamination methods, namely Hand Lay Up and Chopper Gun. This method is the easiest and simplest
method of lamination. Hand Lay Up is an open mold method. This method is carried out by applying resin to
the reinforcing material using brush/roll. Usually this method is done for the manufacture of hull, swimming
pool, and others. The research was conducted in Muaro Beach fishing area Padang. There are five units of
fiberglass fishing vessels that are sampled. The purpose of this research is to assist fishermen, especially
producing ships fiberglass is much better to maximize the catch of fish.

1 INTRODUCTION that, the fish catch is much more. Because the

fiberglass ships are much lighter, more flexible inside
Padang City is the capital of West Sumatra province catching fish.
located on the west coast of Sumatra island, with a The purpose of this research is for fishermen and
coastline of 84 km long. Almost a third residents of Pemko Padang. Especially for fishermen, this study
Padang City, amounting to 900,000 people, depend aims to help fishermen to increase productivity
on fishing life. Fishing boats in the city of Padang, catches of fishermen and fishermen's welfare. As for
generally made of wood. As is known, wooden and the local government, this research can be used as a
fiberglass ships have a different weight of 20 Kg/m2 reference in the preparation of the Budget
for wood and 14 Kg/m2 for fiberglass. Heavy factor Regional Expenditure (APBD) to assist the
this greatly affects the displacement and stability of procurement of fiberglass boats for fishermen. The
the ship. Of course also against the catch. benefits of this research to improve economic growth
In addition, the problem is that if there is scarcity of the real sector of the people of Padang City,
of wood. Therefore, the use of fiberglass is expected especially in maritime field (maritime).
to replace wood as the main material of shipbuilders,
especially for small and medium sized fishing boats.
In general, fishing boats use timber very good quality, 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
like old teak wood. However, now teak has become
rare. Even if there is, the price is very expensive. This Padang city is the most developed city compared to
all caused the fishermen to have difficulty in making other cities located in the waters of the western edge
the ship. of the island of Sumatra. This city borders directly
Therefore, now fishermen are starting to think of with the Indonesian Ocean. The city of Padang
switching to fiberglass as the raw material for evolves as its strategic position, so it has been one of
shipbuilders. In addition to its sufficient availability, the longest a port on the western edge of Sumatra, in
the price even less expensive than wood. Not only addition to its position as the provincial capital. With

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Ardhy, S., Putra, H. and Rina, .
Construction of Fiberglass Boat in Padang City with Hand Lay up Method.
DOI: 10.5220/0010040001680172
In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 168-172
ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1
Copyright c 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
 Construction of Fiberglass Boat in Padang City with Hand Lay up Method

such a position, there should be many efforts marine the shipbuilding industry of FRP construction. The
that has the potential to develop, especially marine catalyst is a material that has the same function as the
and fishery business. In the city of Padang, in addition hardener that is for accelerate the reaction of the
to Muaro Beach, fishing boats as well many operating polymerization process, but is used as a polyester
in Pasia Nan Tigo, Air Tawar, Purus, Gauang, resin pair and vinyl esters resin. Gelcoat is the
Bungus and Sungai Pisang. material used as the outermost layer of the ship's hull
to be built.
2.1 Construction Process of FRP
Fiberglass shipbuilding process that many made,
using Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) technique.
This FRP process is very different from ship building
process made from other materials such as steel,
aluminum, and wood. FRP ship production process is
much lighter than the ship steel. This is because the
construction of FRP construction vessels starts with
the preparation of mold making. While the production
process of steel vessels consists of welding process,
assembly, cutting and bending. The FRP ship is only
made with the initial capital of a mold to form the
vessel. Mold making usually uses FRP materials that Figure 2: The processing of fiberglass fishing vessel with
have a certain thickness and tensile strength, such as FRP technology using permanent mold making model role.
using CSM 600 or also can be made with wood and
plywood.
FRP design technology consists of design stage, 2.3 Lamination Method
material selection, and strength calculation
(construction). The design of FRP must also be pay In the manufacture of fiber boats, there are three
attention to basic design criteria such as spatial / space frequently used lamination methods. Here is an
use coefficient, comfort factor and performance. This explanation of the laminate method:
fiberglass vessel is effective to increase the 1) Hand Lay Up Method
productivity of fisherman catch and to reduce the cost The basic method of building a fiber boat. This
of fishing. Age of life longer, high strength, corrosion method is the easiest and simplest method of
resistance, light weight, production cost and lamination. Disadvantages of this method; not
maintenance is much cheaper than wooden vessels, maximally the result of pooling of layers or
does not require repeated painting. arrangement between fiber and resin on ship body
formed.
2) Chopper Gun Method
This method requires a gun-shaped tool that will fire
fiber pieces with resin to all layers of mold (mold)
which are then put together with a roll. In coating
using chopper gun technique, can only use fiber in the
form of yarn roll (Spray Gun Roving).
3) Vacuum Infusion Method
Figure 1: Design of fiberglass fishing vessel with FRP This method is either a closed printing method or a
technology Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) system. The resin is
injected into a certain mold, then the top is covered in
2.2 Construction Material a rigid mold. However, in vacuum infusion, the top
mold is replaced with plastic film. Advantages of the
In the construction of FRP construction vessels, there vacuum infusion method; laminate results are thinner,
are major material elements. Among them are evener, and stronger. This study discusses only
reinforcement, resin, and core materials. shipbuilding with vacuum infusion printing patterns.
Reinforcement or amplifier is widely used ie FRP.
This is because the cost is cheaper than other
boosters. Resin is one of the basic ingredients used in

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Technology

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Design
For the design process, the total length (LOA) length,
long water line (LWL), maximum width (beam
maximum / Bmax), beam water line width, depth of
hull (Depth / D), full of water (draft / d),
Figure 3: FRP mold permanent and non permanent. displacement, maximum speed (speed max), ship
type / function and material type.

4.2 Construction Phase (drawing)

3 METHODOLOGY
It consists of lines plan and off-set drawings,
Stages performed in this study started from the hydrostatic curve drawings including calculations,
analysis of damage, such as the emergence of cracks weight and weight calculations, trim and stability
in the body of the ship or paint that has begun to fade calculations, construction profile drawings, middle
[5]. Materials and tools used for the maintenance and cross-sectional drawings, installation drawings
repair of fiberglass boats are: (electricity, plumbing, steering, machinery,
navigation, communication), interior pictures and
I. Raw materials other detail images.
- Resin - Woven Roving Based on the drawings, the production process can
- Katalist - Talk (powder) begin. Initial stage, mold making (mold). Mold
- Reinforcing Mat - Kubalt / Acclerator consists of two types, semi permanent and permanent
- Roving - Pigment mold. semi-permanent molds are usually made for
- Gelcoat - Mirror Glaze Wax orders in relatively few quantities. Conversely,
- Poly Vinyl Acid (PVA). permanent prints are made for orders in relatively
large quantities (mass production). For making this
II. Supporting material permanent mold, first made a prototype ship that will
- Rubber sheets 10 cm x 15 cm x 1 cm be made.
- Paper sandpaper The semi-permanent and permanent mold
- Envelope cloth number 0 comprises a female mold method, ie a mold that the
- paint thinner A inner side is slippery and the outer side is rough. The
- Thinner A (oil diluent) semi-permanent mold making stage is the preparation
- Cloth / majun of the molding stand, the sections, the interlinking of
- Blue detergent soap / acetone sections, the installation of the mold closure, the
- Wood stirrer installation of the surface layers of the mold and the
- Freshwater. finishing.
While the stage of making permanent mold is the
III. Equipment used making of prototype ship FRP ship from semi-
- Hand grinders / grinding wheels permanent mold. After the molding phase is
- Palm-fiber broom complete, the production process can begin. To
- Brush determine the construction and strength of the FRP
- Scales ship structure can be used regulations such as Lloyd
- Measuring cup Register of Shipping 78 (UK).
- Bucket of water The determination of the thickness of FRP ship
- Knives / scissors structure layers can be determined based on the speed
- Marker of the vessel and the length of the flow line. Repeats
- Ruler / meter and bulkheads (girder, frames and bulkhead) can be
- Compressors used marine plywood which is then covered / casted
- Spray gun with fiberglass layer so it is a unity with the hull of
- Wooden / rubber blocks the ship. Engine stand or transom ship outboard
engine can be used double marine plywood coated
with FRP.

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 Construction of Fiberglass Boat in Padang City with Hand Lay up Method

As for the inboard engine ship, the foundation of manufacture of products with medium strength and
the engine can use strong and durable wood. Where usually for hand lay up.
possible, first-class timber and FRP coated and bound 3. Combination mat, is a combination of chopped
to the hull of the ship are used. The merging of the strand mat and woven roving, both mechanically and
hull, the deck, the pavilion, etc. is tied with stainless chemically, forming a strong reinforcement, woven-
steel screws and inside it is foamed and casted with shaped fiberglass sheets such as roving 600/roving
FRP so that it does not leak. 800. The use of combination mat speeds up the hand
lay up time.

Figure 4: Fiber boat after gelcoat

4.3 Making Resin Figure 5: Fiberglass boats that are ready to be produced

Commonly called polyester resin is a solid or semi-

solid type of nature or synthetic, generally with high 5 CONCLUSIONS
molecular weight. Resin is one of the main
components of manufacture of FRP, as an adhesive FRP is a resin-composed material, a reinforcing
and solvent material of fiberglass sheet. The material of fiberglass and additive. Fiberglass
reinforcement material depends on the number, type reinforcement materials as well as the FRP printing
and arrangement of fiberglass in the material. The process are various, depending on the type of fabric
more fiberglass, the stronger the product. The FRP to be made and the desired specifications. Advantages
reinforcement types are: of using FRP:
1. Continuous roving, is a combination of parallel a. High strength, FRP has a high strength to weight
fibers into a single strand with little or no winding, ratio, flexural strength and impact strength FRP is
available in the form of cylindrical packaging for generally the same, even stronger than metal.
further processing. Continuous rovings have good b. Corrosion resistant and chemicals, these properties
mechanical properties and are generally cause FRP to be a suitable material for seawater.
dismembered for spray ups. c. Lightweight, FRP has a high strength, but still
2. Woven roving, is a strong and heavy type of lightweight than metal.
reinforcement, in the form of flexible sheets woven d. The stable shape, the perfect curing form of FRP,
from continuous roving, available in wide, thick and will not change greater than its tolerance. The higher
heavy alternatives. Woven roving is mainly used in fiberglass content or fiberglass combination with
hand lay up process. inorganic filler, the coefficient of expansion of heat
3. Reinforcing mat, can be made from chopped strand and contraction will decrease, so that the shape of the
or continuous strand. object is maintained.
There are three kinds of reinforcing mat: e. Reducing equipment costs, FRP can be made
1. Continuous strand mat, is a reinforcing mat made efficiently in many ways, both for large and limited
from continuous strand woven, commonly used for production. Equipment for manufacturing FRP
the strength of the product being. products is cheaper than equipment for
2. Chopped strand mat, is a reinforcing mat made manufacturing the same type of products made of
from a strand piece and randomly combined with a metal. This makes FRP profitable, both for large and
certain binder, thin random fiber sheet such as mat small industries.
300/mat 450, first layer/basic FRP used for the

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f. Flexible in design, FRP can be used for various

types of usage.
g. Hold electricity because the conductor is weak.
h. Can be directly printed in color so that the final
product does not require painting anymore.

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