Oral Comm Q1M7

Oral Communication in
Context
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Types of Speech Act
Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Types of Speech Acts
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Published by the Department of Education Secretary:

Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Jessica S. Solpico

Mark Anthony P. Lagumen
Editors: Rizza A. Pereyra

Marites M. Aguilar
Reviewers: Bernadette M. Songalia

Gilbert C. Alva
Illustrator: Mark Razul G. Leal
Layout Artist: Gilbert G. Manaois
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral

Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugenio S. Adrao
Jhonathan S. Cadavido
Helen A. Ramos
Rogelio F. Opulencia
Luhinia M. Ofren
Marigen N. Leosala
Cherrilyn T. Nabor
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master types of speech acts and know how to respond to them
effectively and appropriately. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with your needs.
The module consists of one lesson, namely:
• Types of Speech Act
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe speech act;

2. distinguish types and classification of speech act;
3. determine the appropriate response in different social setting; and
4. respond appropriately and effectively to a speech act.
Lesson Types of Speech Act
Communication happens effectively when the message is passed clearly; it

becomes useful and meaningful when both the sender and the receiver
understand the idea being put across. Indeed, there could be no valid
reasons to ignore the need for communicating successfully.
Moreover, to achieve effective communication, it is essential to know the
different types of speech act which are the focus of this lesson. Hence, this
module will help you distinguish the important role of speech act in
achieving communicative competence by responding appropriately to
various utterances for you to efficiently communicate with the world.
What is It
A speech act is an utterance that a speaker

makes to achieve an intended effect.
Speech acts are performed when a person offers

an apology, greeting, request, complaint,
invitation compliment, or refusal. Speech act is
an act of communication.
As we communicate with others, we use

language without minding whether to use
complete sentence or not. The number of words
in a single utterance does not matter so long as we can get our message
across.
Three Types of Speech Act
According to J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the

developer of the Speech Act Theory, there are three types of acts in every
utterance, given the right circumstances or context. These are:
By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes”

“Please do the dishes,” would lead tothe
“Please do the dishes.” the speaker requests addressee washing the
the addressee to wash dishes
the dishes.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
1. Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering or saying something.

This act happens with the utterances of a sound, a word or even a phrase
as a natural unit of speech.
For the utterances to be a Locutionary Act, consider the following:
• It has sense, and mostly importantly, for communication to take
place.
• It has the same meaning to both the speaker and the listener.
• Utterances give rise to shared meaning when it is adjusted by the
speaker for the listener.
Examples of Locutionary Acts:
• “Doh!” (favorite expression of TV cartoon character Homer Simpson)

• “Wow?” (When someone is amazed)
• “Hello!” (greeting someone)
• “Get out!” (a strong command)
2. Illocutionary act is the social function of what is said.
In an illocutionary speech act, it is not just saying something itself but with
the act of saying something with the intention of:
• stating an opinion, conforming, or denying something;
• making a prediction, a promise, a request; • issuing an order or a
decision; or
• giving advice or permission.
This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary Force of a statement, a confirmation,

a denial, a prediction, a promise, a request, etc.
Examples of Illocutionary Acts:
• It’s more fun in the Philippines. (opinion)
• I’ll help you clean the house tomorrow. (promise)
• Get my things in the office. (order)
3. Perlocutionary act refers to the consequent effect of what was said.
This is based on the particular context in which the speech act was
mentioned.
This is seen when a particular effect is sought from either the speaker or
the listener, or both. The response may not necessarily be physical or
verbal and is elicited by:
• inspiring or insulting
• persuading/convincing; or
• deterring/scaring
The aim of Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change feelings, thoughts, or

actions.
Examples of Perlocutionary Acts:
• “We can do this. We heal and win as one!” (inspiring)

• “It is crucial that we give all our collective efforts to fight against this
pandemic. We must start working together.” (persuading)
• “Smoking destroys your health, certain as it brings diseases, it kills – you,
your loved ones, and others!” (deterring)
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act

As a response to Austin’s Speech Act Theory, John Searle (1976), a
professor from the University of California, Berkeley, classified illocutionary
acts into five distinct categories.
1. Assertive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses

belief about the truth of a proposition. Some examples of an
assertive act are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting and
concluding.
Example:
No one can love you better than I do.
2. Directive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to

make the addressee perform an action. Some examples of a directive
act are asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging.
Example:
Please maintain the cleanliness of our school.
3. Commissive – a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker

to doing something in the future. Examples of a commissive act are
promising, planning, vowing, and betting.
Example:
From this moment on, I will love you and honor you for the rest of my
life.
4. Expressive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker

expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions. Some examples of
an expressive act are thanking, apologizing, welcoming and
deploring.
Example:
Thank heavens, you came to save me! I owe you my life.
5. Declaration– a type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the

external situation. Simply put, declarations bring into existence or
cause the state of affairs which they refer to. Some examples of
declarations are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a
sentence, and excommunicating.
Example:
You are hired!
By saying that someone is hired, an employee causes or brings about

the person’s acceptance to job; consequently, this changes his
external
situation.

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Oral Communication in

Published by the Department of Education Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jessica S. Solpico

Editors: Rizza A. Pereyra

Reviewers: Bernadette M. Songalia

Illustrator: Mark Razul G. Leal

Layout Artist: Gilbert G. Manaois

Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

The module consists of one lesson, namely:

• Types of Speech Act

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe speech act;

Lesson Types of Speech Act

Communication happens effectively when the message is passed clearly; it

A speech act is an utterance that a speaker

Speech acts are performed when a person offers

As we communicate with others, we use

Three Types of Speech Act

According to J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the

By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes”

Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary

1. Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering or saying something.

Examples of Locutionary Acts:

• “Doh!” (favorite expression of TV cartoon character Homer Simpson)

This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary Force of a statement, a confirmation,

The aim of Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change feelings, thoughts, or

• “We can do this. We heal and win as one!” (inspiring)

Searle’s Classification of Speech Act

1. Assertive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses

No one can love you better than I do.

2. Directive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to

Please maintain the cleanliness of our school.

3. Commissive – a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker

4. Expressive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker

Thank heavens, you came to save me! I owe you my life.

5. Declaration– a type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the

You are hired!

By saying that someone is hired, an employee causes or brings about

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