Sem 8 Rep0rt

IOT AND AI BASED WOMEN’S SAFETY NIGHT PATROLLING ROBOT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
With the fast-growing technologies, Robotics is also growing exponentially all over the
world. Robotics is a modern technology which is spreading its arms in almost every field
which helps people to make their life simpler and easier. One of the most demanding fields
is human security as robots can work more efficiently in comparison to humans. The key
and essential components of robotics are control and automation. Robot can be terrestrial
or aerial which can have eye on every small detail that is not noticeable to human eyes.
The added advantages of using robots are long-range visibility and not having risk to
human life. With the use of cameras and different type of sensors like temperature sensor,
gas sensor, smoke sensor and sound sensor, we can also detect hazardous situations. Thus,
in today's scenario, robot surveillance is the area of great interest.
The basic components required for this robot are Node MCU, night vision camera, GPS
Module, Motor Driver, Servo Motor and DC Motor etc. This robot is set in manual mode,
which can move forward, backward, right or left. This is a wheeled robot having four
wheels which are controlled through android using IOT I.e., Internet of Things. The night
vision rotating camera used in this robot records live events over the area, and the controller
can see this live video any time they want. When power is supplied to the circuit, it activates
Node MCU connected with GPS and GPS start sending notification to the controller on
android or PC. Now after receiving the notification on android, user can see live streaming
in surrounding area of robot and if there is something wrong happening there, one can stop
or take action against it.
The proposed system is designed to patrol a designated area autonomously and capture
images and videos of the area using the camera module. The Node mcu provides internet
connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control. The proposed system is controlled
using a web-based interface, allowing users to monitor and control the system from
anywhere. The users can receive real-time updates, enabling them to detect and respond to
any unusual activities in the patrolling area.
Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page1

Sharnbasva University, Kalaburagi, 585103
The proposed system can be customized and adapted to suit various applications, such as
surveillance and security in industrial sites, residential areas, and public spaces. We can
mount a solar panel on robot for saving our battery as solar panel is rechargeable and can
store charges. To enhance this robot, one can also make this robot in automatic mode using
ultrasonic sensors and sound sensor, which can detect sound in the surrounding and start
moving in the direction of sound. GPS can also be used in this robot to track its location,
so that action can be taken quickly by reaching at exact location.
Hence, our aim is to build a night patrolling robot which have full feature to save women
from any dangerous situation.

1.1 OBJECTIVE
• Our device patrols the premises at defined path or a random path and follows
different path by using IoT app.
• By the help of this robot any dangerous situations can be handled, captures and sends
the live video stream using the Wi-Fi.
• Once the images are transmitted it starts sending alert message and displays the
images to the user’s contacts.
• It sends live location to alert nearby people where the suspicious was detected.
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

• Women are facing a lot of physical harassments.
• Lack of surveillance system to take care of safety of women.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. The Movable robot for Product delivery can be developed using RF control, GPS, and
the Node MCU microcontroller. The robot can be remotely controlled using RF signals,
and GPS is used for real-time location tracking. The Arduino Uno is used for data
processing and to control the robot's movements. This system has the potential to
revolutionize healthcare delivery by enabling remote and automated Product delivery.
IoT-based Autonomous Patrol Robot with Obstacle Avoidance and Navigation System.
This paper describes an autonomous patrol robot that uses ultrasonic sensors for
obstacle avoidance and a GPS module for navigation. The robot is also equipped with
a camera to capture images and send them to the operator's smartphone through the
internet of things (IoT) technology.
2. Design of IoT-Based Intelligent Patrol Robot: This paper presents an IoT-based

intelligent patrol robot that uses a Raspberry Pi as the main controller. The robot is
equipped with sensors, such as an ultrasonic sensor and a PIR sensor, to detect obstacles
and movement, respectively. The robot is also able to communicate with the operator's
smartphone through IoT technology.
3. Design and Implementation of a Remote Controlled IoT-Based Security Robot. This

paper proposes an IoT-based security robot that can be remotely controlled using a
smartphone. The robot is equipped with a camera, a temperature sensor, and a gas
sensor to detect potential hazards. The robot can also send alerts to the operator's
smartphone through IoT technology.
4. In the design and implementation of an IoT based patrol robot for building security,
several technical details need to be considered. The hardware design includes
microcontrollers, sensors, motors, and communication modules. The software design
includes programming languages, communication protocols, and algorithms for
navigation, obstacle avoidance, and surveillance.
5. In the design and implementation of an RF-based patrol robot for warehouse

monitoring, several technical details need to be considered. The hardware design
includes RF modules, microcontrollers, sensors, motors, and power management

modules. The software design includes programming languages, communication

protocols, and algorithms for navigation, obstacle avoidance, and surveillance. The
security features should include encryption, authentication, and access control. The RF
signal strength and interference levels must also be considered to ensure reliable
communication between the robot and the control station.
6. A Comparative Study of Robot Navigation Techniques." This paper presents a

comparative study of different robot navigation techniques, including path planning,
obstacle avoidance, and localization. The study evaluates the performance of these
techniques in the context of patrol robots.
7. In the design and implementation of autonomous robot navigation using image

processing techniques, several technical details need to be considered. The hardware
design includes cameras, microcontrollers, motors, and power management modules.
The software design includes programming languages, image processing libraries, and
algorithms for object detection, recognition, and localization. The robot's navigation
path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms should be based on the image data
collected from the cameras. Furthermore, the robot's speed, direction, and trajectory
should be adjusted in real-time based on the image data analysis. Testing and evaluation
of the system's performance in a real-world environment is essential to ensure its
effectiveness and efficiency.
8. This Proposed system describes the technical working of a Wi-Fi-based seed sowing
robot and spraying system that uses Node MCU, motor pumps, DC motors, and motor
drivers. The robot operates by receiving commands through a Wi-Fi connection and
then sowing seeds or spraying pesticides accordingly. The system consists of a motor
pump that generates the pressure required to spray the pesticide and a DC motor that
controls the movement of the robot. The motor driver is used to control the speed and
direction of the DC motor. The robot can be used for precision agriculture, and the Wi-
Fi connection enables remote control and monitoring of the system.
9. RF-based surveillance robots reveals that they are equipped with wireless
communication modules such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and are capable of performing
various functions such as video monitoring, object detection, and tracking. These robots
rely on sensors such as temperature, sound, and motion detectors for environment
detection, which enable them to detect and respond to changes in their surroundings.

10. Researchers have explored various approaches for optimizing the performance of RF-
based surveillance robots, including using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for
more accurate and efficient detection and tracking of targets. Overall, RF-based
surveillance robots have shown promising results in improving surveillance and
security in various settings.

CHAPTER 3
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Node MCU
2. GPS Module
3. ESP32-CAM
4. Motor Driver
5. DC Motor (4)
6. Servo Motor
7. Power supply

CHAPTER 4
APPARTUS DESCRIPTION
4.1 NODE MCU

NodeMCU (Micro controller unit) is a low-cost open-source firmware and development
board based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The board has an 80 MHz 32-bit Tensilica
CPU, 4 MB flash memory, and integrated Wi-Fi connectivity, which allows it to connect
to the internet and exchange data with other devices. The board also features 11 digital
input/output pins and one analog input pin, which can be used to interface with a variety
of sensors and actuators. The NodeMCU firmware is based on the Lua scripting language
and can be programmed using the NodeMCU Lua API. It also has support for the Arduino
IDE, allowing it to be programmed using the familiar C++ programming language.
Additionally, the NodeMCU supports the Micro Python programming language, which is
a popular choice for IoT projects.
Fig. 4.1 Node MCU
The board can be powered using a micro-USB cable or an external power supply, and can
be programmed and debugged using a USB-to-serial converter. The NodeMCU firmware
provides a range of networking protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, MQTT, and Web
Socket, which makes it an ideal choice for IoT applications that require cloud connectivity.

NodeMCU is widely used for a range of IoT applications, such as home automation,
weather stations, robotics, and wireless sensor networks. The open-source nature of
NodeMCU means that it has a large community of developers who have created libraries,
tools, and resources to help users get started with their projects. Overall, NodeMCU is a
versatile and powerful development board that offers an affordable solution for IoT
projects.

4.2 GPS MODULE
Fig. 4.2 GPM module
The GY-NEO-8M module is an advanced GPS module based on uBlox m8N that supports
UART communication protocol with active antenna. You can interface this module easily
with a microcontroller. This module has a rechargeable battery and canalso be connected
directly to a computer using a USB to TTL converter. Global Positioning System (GPS) is
a satellite-based system that uses satellites and ground stations to measure and compute its
position on Earth. GPS is also known as Navigation System with Time and Ranging
(NAVSTAR) GPS. GPS receiver needs to receive data from at least 4 satellites for
accuracy purpose. GPS receiver does not transmit any information to the satellites. This
GPS receiver is used in many applications like smartphones, Cabs, Fleet management etc.
GPS receiver module gives output in standard (National Marine Electronics Association)
NMEA string format. It provides output serially on Tx pin with default 9600 Baud rate.
This NMEA string output from GPS receiver contains different parameters separated by
commas like longitude, latitude, altitude, time etc.
It consists of 4 pins:
1. VCC: Power Supply 3.3 – 6 V
2. GND: Ground
3. TX: Transmit data serially which gives information about location, time etc.
4. RX: Receive Data serially. It is required when we want to configure GPS module.

4.3 ESP-32 CAM

The ESP32 camera module is a small camera unit that can be integrated with the ESP32
microcontroller for a wide range of applications. The module features a 2-megapixel
OV2640 camera sensor with a resolution of 1600 x 1200 pixels, capable of capturing JPEG
images and video up to 640 x 480 pixels at 60 frames per second. It also includes a built-
in lens with a 120-degree field of view, making it suitable for applications such as
surveillance cameras, video streaming, and facial recognition systems.
Fig. 4.3 ESP32-CAM
The camera module is connected to the ESP32 via a standard SPI interface, requiring a
minimum of 4 GPIO pins for operation. It also includes an SD card slot for storing images
and video. The module can be powered using a 3.3V power supply and consumes
approximately 100mA of current during operation. It also includes a sleep mode for low
power consumption when not in use.
The pin details of the ESP32 camera module are as follows:
 3V3: 3.3V power supply pin
GND: Ground pin
CS: Chip select pin, used to enable the camera module
 SCK: Serial clock pin for SPI communication
MOSI: Master out slave in pin for SPI communication
MISO: Master in slave out pin for SPI communication

XCLK: External clock pin, used to control the sensor clock
 PWDN: Power down pin, used to turn off the camera sensor when not in use
RESET: Reset pin, used to reset the camera module
D7: Data pin for camera control These pins can be connected to the appropriate GPIO
pins on the ESP32 microcontroller for operation. The ESP32 camera module can be
programmed using the Arduino IDE or the ESPIDF development framework, which
provides a range of libraries and tools for developing applications on the ESP32.

4.4 L293D MOTOR DRIVER MODULE

The L293D is am dual channel motor driver IC capable of driving dual DC motors with
bidirectional control and a single stepper motor. The L293D devices are quadruple high
current half-H drivers. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up
to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. This IC is also designed to drive inductive loads
such as relays, solenoids, DC and bipolar stepping motors also. It uses the
popular L293 motor driver IC. It can drive 4 DC motors on and off, or drive 2 DC motors
with directional and speed control.
Fig. 4.4 L293D Motor driver module

It includes features such as:
1. Wide supply voltage: 4.5 V to 12 V.

2. Max supply current: 600 mA per motor.
3. The driver two holes of 3 mm dia.
4. Male burg-stick connectors for supply, ground and input connection.
5. Screw terminal connectors for easy motor connection.
6. High noise immunity inputs.

4.5 DC MOTOR
DC BO gear motor is a type of DC motor that is designed with a gearbox attached to it.
The gearbox is used to reduce the speed of the motor output shaft and increase the torque.
This makes the motor suitable for applications that require high torque and low speed, such
as robotics, industrial machinery, and automation equipment.
Fig. 4.5 DC Motor
The DC BO gear motor stands for "Brushed Output", which means that the motor is a
brushed DC motor with an output shaft that is connected to a gearbox. Brushed DC motors
are commonly used in low-cost applications because they are simple, reliable, and easy to
control. They have a rotor with a commutator and brushes that transfer power to the rotor
windings, creating a rotating magnetic field that drives the motor shaft. The gearbox
attached to the DC BO gear motor is typically made up of a set of gears with different sizes,
arranged in a specific sequence to provide the desired speed reduction and torque increase.
The gearbox also protects the motor from external impacts and reduces noise and vibration
during operation. DC BO gear motors are available in a wide range of sizes, power ratings,
and gear ratios, making them suitable for a variety of applications. They can operate on
different voltage levels and have different output shaft configurations, such as round, D-
shaped, or keyed shafts. The motor speed and torque can be adjusted by changing the
voltage applied to the motor or by changing the gear ratio of the gearbox.

4.6 SERVO MOTOR

A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally this type
of motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the current position of the
motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo motors to rotate with great precision. If you
want to rotate an object at some specific angles or distance, then you use a servo motor. It
is just made up of a simple motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If motor is
powered by a DC power supply, then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC-powered
motor then it is called AC servo motor.
Fig. 4.6 Servo motor
Servo motor working mechanism:
It consists of three parts:
1. Controlled device
2. Output sensor
3. Feedback system
It is a closed-loop system where it uses a positive feedback system to control motion and
the final position of the shaft. Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal generated
by comparing output signal and reference input signal.

Here reference input signal is compared to the reference output signal and the third signal
is produced by the feedback system. And this third signal acts as an input signal to the
control the device. This signal is present as long as the feedback signal is generated or there
is a difference between the reference input signal and reference output signal. So, the main
task of servomechanism is to maintain the output of a system at the desired value at
presence of noises.
4.7 POWER SUPPLY/BATTERY

A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connectivity provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, etc.
It has two types: primary battery and secondary battery. Primary battery which can be used
once and cannot be rechargeable whereas secondary battery can be rechargeable and reused
Fig. 4.7 Battery

CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE USED
5.1 ARDUINO IDE

Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) (we used version: arduino-ide_2.0.0-
rc6_Windows_64bit) is a software tool used for programming and development of Arduino
boards. It is an open-source platform, available for free, and is compatible with multiple
operating systems including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
The main features of the Arduino IDE include:
 Code Editor: The code editor is the main interface of the Arduino IDE where you can
write, edit and upload code to the Arduino board. It includes features such as syntax
highlighting, autocompletion, and code snippets to make programming easier.
 Sketches: Arduino programs are referred to as "sketches" and can be easily created and
saved within the IDE. The sketch contains two main functions: the setup() function, which
is called once at the start of the program, and the loop() function, which is called repeatedly
as long as the program is running.
 Library Manager: The Library Manager allows users to easily install and manage
libraries for their Arduino projects. It includes a collection of pre-built libraries that can be
used to add functionality to your projects. Users can also create their own libraries and add
them to the IDE.
 Serial Monitor: The Serial Monitor allows users to communicate with the Arduino board
and monitor the data being sent and received through the serial port. This is particularly
useful for debugging and troubleshooting.
 Board Manager: The Board Manager allows users to select the type of Arduino board
they are using, configure settings, and install the necessary drivers. This is important
because different Arduino boards may have different specifications and require different
drivers.

 Upload: The Upload feature allows users to upload their sketches to the Arduino board
and begin executing the program. Users can select the correct board and serial port before
uploading the sketch.
 Tools: The Tools menu includes a range of options for configuring and customizing the
IDE. This includes options for setting the board type, serial port, programmer, and other
settings.
Overall, the Arduino IDE is a user-friendly software tool that simplifies the programming
process for beginners and experienced users alike. It is compatible with a wide range of
Arduino boards and shields, making it a versatile tool for a variety of applications. With its
many features and community support, the Arduino IDE is an essential tool for anyone
interested in electronics and programming.
Fig. 5.1 Arduino IDE Setup
In addition to the basic features listed above, the Arduino IDE also supports advanced
features such as debugging and profiling tools, version control integration, and multiple
file editing. The IDE can also be extended through plugins and add-ons, allowing users to
customize the tool to their specific needs. Additionally, the Arduino community provides
a wealth of resources and tutorials to help users get started and troubleshoot any issues they
may encounter.

CHAPTER 6
BLOCK DIAGRAM
To all section
Regulated 12V @ 1.2Ah
Power supply BATTERY
GPS
Motor module
Driver
NODEMCU
WiFi ESP8266
Camera
Servo
Motor
Fig. 6.1 Block diagram of IOT and AI based women’s safety night patrolling robot.

CHAPTER 7
METHODOLOGY
7.1 BASIC WORKING PRINCIPAL

IOT based Night patrolling robot for women safety in this project we are using a smart
robot which is connected with IOT cloud in this robot we have configured multiple features
like high-definition night vision camera with location controlling through smart mobile
app video capturing feature finally surveillance. In this project by using http server, we are
controlling the robot from remote area for surveillance in surroundings to prevent accidents
like Disha incidents this robot is integrated with smart camera by using this camera we can
monitor the data from anywhere in the world and also we can store the data in your smart
devices by using video capturing options and also it is equipped with IR sensors for night
time visibility and also in this camera we fixed speaker and microphone for voice
transmission and receiving purpose. In this robot we configured some push buttons for
alerting persons or police officers those who or controlling this robot for their safety and
also it is continuously sending the live location to rescue team for immediate response and
also in this robot we placed one buzzer alarming the surrounding people to prevent
incidents.
The flow chart shown below depicts the entire operation of the robot. This flowchart is for
the manual mode operation. Figure. 7.1.1 is the Flow chart of the robot working in manual
mode.

Fig. 7.1.1 Flow chart of the robot working in manual mode
This system is a four-wheeler robot which is equipped with Node MCU, Night vision
camera, Arduino phone/PC, Servo motor, DC motor, IOT server, GPS Module.

7.2 COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

For communication between IOT devices and Android used in this model, we have used
two interfaces of communication that are – GPS and node MCU. GPS is used in this robot
for sending and receiving messages.
Fig. 7.2.1 Block Diagram Communication interface
This GPS module is able to receive data from microcontroller/ESPA8266 and transmit it
in the form of text message to the host server. Now the node MCU used in this robot does
the wireless part of communication. It can send or receive data between two IOT devices
wirelessly. It transmits data stored from host server to the Android or PC with the help of
host controller interface. Thus, when the ultrasonic sensor senses any live object, the
microcontroller starts communicating with GPS and GPS start sending data to the remote
server and a notification is sent to the Android or PC. This is how communication is done
between IOT devices used in this robot.

7.3 RESULT
Fig. 7.3.1 Screenshot of the live stream and control unit of the robot

Fig. 7.3.2 Live Location of the robot
Fig. Alert message of robot on Blynk IOT application

7.4 COMPLETE CODE:

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL36ziyBSvi"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Night Patrol"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "ul9hpGXIUZS0R202i922H7KVdv25wykI"
//..........................................................................
#include <TinyGPS++.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
static const int RXPin = 4, TXPin = 5; // GPIO 4=D2(conneect Tx of GPS) and GPIO
5=D1(Connect Rx of GPS)
static const uint32_t GPSBaud = 9600; //if Baud rate 9600 didn't work in your case
then use 4800
#define sw D3
TinyGPSPlus gps; // The TinyGPS++ object
//WidgetMap myMap(V0); // V0 for virtual pin of Map Widget
SoftwareSerial ss(RXPin, TXPin); // The serial connection to the GPS device
BlynkTimer timer;
float spd; //Variable to store the speed
float sats; //Variable to store no. of satellites response
String bearing; //Variable to store orientation or direction of GPS
int SwValue;
int flg = 0;
// Your WiFi credentials. Set password to "" for open networks.
char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
//char ssid[] = "elogic";
//char pass[] = "node_mcu";
char ssid[] = "elogic";

char pass[] = "node_mcu";
//unsigned int move_index; // moving index, to be used later

//unsigned int move_index = 1; // fixed location for now
//**********************************************************************
***************
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println();
ss.begin(GPSBaud);
pinMode(sw, INPUT_PULLUP);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
timer.setInterval(5000L, checkGPS); // every 5s check if GPS is connected, only really
needs to be done once
}
//**********************************************************************
***************
void checkGPS()
{
if (gps.charsProcessed() < 10)
{
Serial.println(F("No GPS detected: check wiring."));
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, "GPS ERROR"); // Value Display widget on V4 if GPS not
detected
}
}
//**********************************************************************
***************

void loop()
{
while (ss.available() > 0)
{ if (gps.encode(ss.read())) displayInfo(); }
sos();
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}
//**********************************************************************
***************
void displayInfo()
{
if (gps.location.isValid() )
{
float latitude = (gps.location.lat()); //Storing the Lat. and Lon.

float longitude = (gps.location.lng());
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, longitude, latitude);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, String(latitude, 6));
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, String(longitude, 6));
//..........................................................................
spd = gps.speed.kmph(); //get speed
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, spd);
//..........................................................................
sats = gps.satellites.value(); //get number of satellites

Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, sats);
//..........................................................................
bearing = TinyGPSPlus::cardinal(gps.course.value()); // get the direction
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, bearing);
}
//..........................................................................
Serial.println();
}
//**********************************************************************
***************
void sos()
{
SwValue = !digitalRead(sw);
if (SwValue == 1 && flg == 0)
{
Blynk.logEvent("Alert","I need help..!!!");
flg = 1;
}
else if (SwValue == 0 && flg == 1)

{ flg = 0; }
}
//**********************************************************************
***************

CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES
1. Enhanced Security and Surveillance: The IoT-based smart night patrolling robot
offers enhanced security and surveillance capabilities. The integration of the camera
module, sound sensor, and ultrasonic sensor enables the robot to detect and respond
to any potential threats, ensuring the safety and security of the designated area.
2. Cost-Effective: The use of an autonomous robot for night patrolling operations is a
cost-effective solution compared to manual patrolling. The robot is equipped with
sensors and cameras that reduce the need for human resources, thereby reducing the
cost of labor.
3. Scalability and Adaptability: The proposed system is scalable and adaptable to suit
various applications. The system can be customized and expanded to suit specific
needs and applications, making it a versatile solution for surveillance and security.
4. Efficient and Effective: The system is efficient and effective in detecting and
responding to environmental stimuli. The robot can detect sounds and obstacles in its
path and respond accordingly, ensuring the safety and security of the designated area.
5. Web-based Interface: The system has a web-based interface that enables the user to
monitor and control the system remotely, enhancing accessibility and convenience.

CHAPTER 9
DISADVANTADES
1. Environmental Limitations: The system may not be suitable for all environments.
The system's efficiency may be affected by extreme weather conditions such as heavy
rain or snow, which may hinder the robot's movement and performance.
2. Limited Autonomy: The system's autonomy is limited by the robot's battery life. The
robot may require recharging or replacement of batteries, which may affect the
system's efficiency.
3. Privacy Concerns: The use of cameras in the system may raise privacy concerns.
The system should be designed and used in compliance with privacy regulations and
guidelines to ensure the protection of individuals' privacy.
4. Maintenance and Upgrades: The system requires regular maintenance and upgrades
to ensure optimal performance. The maintenance and upgrading process may be time-
consuming and require additional resources.

CHAPTER 10
APPLICATIONS
1. The system can be used to detect any unusual sound or movement in the patrolling
area, providing enhanced security and surveillance.
2. It can be used to detect intruders at borders, hence can be used in border security.
We can also add audio communication feature so that we can listen the strategy
of the intruders.
3. Used for the safety of women, child & physically challenged people.
4. Applicable as legal evidence of crime.
5. Used to record and send video of the necessary conditions.

CONCLUSION
The proposed model is a fully featured robot which can be used for women’s safety. The
multiple devices used in robot help in monitoring a particular area and provides security
to women’s who can never feel afraid even at night. Now, we can launch this robot in
market with a well-developed app through which robot can be monitored and controlled
easily by common people. By this method we can also keep a track on criminals. This is
how, women’s safety can be improved using night patrolling robot at a great extent.

FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of this project is that we can control the system through image
processing i.e., capture the image of the person through camera and process it if it is blur
and also IoT enables this system to provide more safety to women. The future scope is
wide and various IoT technologies can enable this system more efficient to use.

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[6] In 2015, Chand D, Nayak S, Bhat KS, and Parikh S presented a paper titled "A Mobile
Application for Women's Safety: WoS App" at the IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON
in Macao. The conference was held from November 1-4 of that year, and the paper was
published in the conference proceedings.
[7] "N. Hemavathy, Arun.K, Karthick.R, Srikanth. A. P, and Venkatesh.S authored a paper
titled 'Night Vision Patrolling Robot with Sound Sensor Using Computer Vision
Technology'. in the journal Mathematical Problems in Engineering in 2013.
[8] In August 2020, the International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
published an article titled "Design of Smart Medical Assistant Robot for Contactless
Preliminary Health Check Up of Patients" authored by Supreet Thale, Bhushan N Chopda,
Shreyas Deo, Viraj Nyayadhish, P Srivalli, Unnati Choudhari, Serlin Agnes, and Nilofar
Sameena M.

[9] In 2013, a paper titled "Team Mobile Robots Based Intelligent Security System" was
authored by S. Chia, J. Guo, B. Li, and K. Su. No information is provided regarding where
the paper was published.
[10] In 2010, Q. J. M. Alvarez and A. M. Lopez published a paper titled "Road Detection
Based on Illuminant Invariance" in the IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation

Systems. The paper spans 10 pages and is identified by number.
[11] In 2009, Jonathan Malkin and Jeff Bilmes from the Department of Electrical
Engineering presented a voice-controlled robot arm at the CHI conference in Boston, USA.
The robot arm was developed for the Brandi House project, and the contact information
for the authors is bhouse, jsm, and [email protected].
[12] In 2005, O. Ramstrom and H. Christensen presented a paper titled "A Method for
Following Unmarked Roads" at the Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, published in the
proceedings of IEEE. The paper spans pages 650-655.


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IOT AND AI BASED WOMEN’S SAFETY NIGHT PATROLLING ROBOT

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page1

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page2

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

• Lack of surveillance system to take care of safety of women.

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page3

2. Design of IoT-Based Intelligent Patrol Robot: This paper presents an IoT-based

3. Design and Implementation of a Remote Controlled IoT-Based Security Robot. This

5. In the design and implementation of an RF-based patrol robot for warehouse

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page4

modules. The software design includes programming languages, communication

6. A Comparative Study of Robot Navigation Techniques." This paper presents a

7. In the design and implementation of autonomous robot navigation using image

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page5

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page6

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page7

4.1 NODE MCU

Fig. 4.1 Node MCU

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page8

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page9

4.2 GPS MODULE

Fig. 4.2 GPM module

1. VCC: Power Supply 3.3 – 6 V

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page10

4.3 ESP-32 CAM

Fig. 4.3 ESP32-CAM

The pin details of the ESP32 camera module are as follows:

 3V3: 3.3V power supply pin

GND: Ground pin

CS: Chip select pin, used to enable the camera module

 SCK: Serial clock pin for SPI communication

MOSI: Master out slave in pin for SPI communication

MISO: Master in slave out pin for SPI communication

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page11

XCLK: External clock pin, used to control the sensor clock

RESET: Reset pin, used to reset the camera module

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page12

4.4 L293D MOTOR DRIVER MODULE

Fig. 4.4 L293D Motor driver module

1. Wide supply voltage: 4.5 V to 12 V.

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page13

Fig. 4.5 DC Motor

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page14

4.6 SERVO MOTOR

Fig. 4.6 Servo motor

Servo motor working mechanism:

It consists of three parts:

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page15

4.7 POWER SUPPLY/BATTERY

Fig. 4.7 Battery

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page16

5.1 ARDUINO IDE

The main features of the Arduino IDE include:

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page17

Fig. 5.1 Arduino IDE Setup

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page18

Power supply BATTERY

Department of E&CE, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Co-Ed) Page19

7.1 BASIC WORKING PRINCIPAL